Aviation assignment frankfinn

Aviation Assignment Submitted by : Minu Pauline D3, FIAT, Cochin.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT I take this opportunity to thank all my teachers and colleagues for helping me out to complete this presentation. I specially thank our Aviation faculty Mrs. Ross for giving all assistance in my work. I also thank all the faculty and my colleagues at FrankFinn for their help and support. Last but not the least I thank God Almighty for His love and care.

Introduction This work is a study on the development of aviation in India, low cost airlines, domestic airlines and improving economy of India. This gives us an idea about Cockpit, Cargo and about the relevance of a cabin crew. This covers the area like dealing the special passengers and also about Airbus.

Aviation Industry in INDIA India is one of the fastest growing aviation markets in the world. With the liberalization of the Indian aviation sector, the industry had witnessed a transformation with the entry of the privately owned full service airlines and low cost carriers. As of May 2006, private carriers accounted for around 75% share of the domestic aviation market. The sector has also seen a significant increase in number of domestic air travel passengers. Some of the factors that have resulted in higher demand for air transport in India include the growing middle class and its purchasing power, low airfares offered by low cost carriers, the growth of the tourism industry in India, increasing outbound travel from India, and the overall economic growth of India.

A low-cost carrier or low-cost airline (also known as a no-frills or discount carrier or airline) is an airline that offers generally low fares in exchange for eliminating many traditional passenger services. The concept originated in the United States before spreading to Europe in the early 1990s and subsequently to much of the rest of the world. The term originated within the airline industry referring to airlines with a lower operating cost structure than their competitors. While the term is often applied to any carrier with low ticket prices and limited services, regardless of their operating models, low-cost carriers should not be confused with regional airlines that operate short flights without service, or with full-service airlines offering some reduced fares.

DOMESTIC AIRLINES IN INDIA INDIGO AIRLINES GO AIR AIRLINES SPICEJET AIRLINES PARAMOUNT AIRLINES JETLITE AIRLINES KINGFISHER AIRLINES JET AIRWAYS

Indigo--or "individuals on the go", for the first time allowed individual travelers the ability to reserve and purchase a single seat on a traditional corporate or business jet which then flew a "scheduled" flight like a traditional airline. Prior to Indigo the only business jet services available to consumers consisted of jet ownership or charter, both expensive options to regular airline travel. Indigo is regarded as the originator of two new categories of corporate jet air travel service: per seat, high frequency and the public or commercial corporate jet. Indigo Airlines commenced operations on 4 August 2006 with a service from Delhi to Imphal via Guwahati. The airline is owned by InterGlobe Enterprises. It took delivery of its first Airbus A320 aircraft on 28 July 2006 and received six aircraft during 2006. Nine more aircraft were delivered in 2007 taking the total to 15. The carrier has set a target of serving approximately 30 Indian cities by 2010 with a fleet size of 40 A320 and A321 aircraft. The airline will receive all 100 A320 family aircraft by 2016. Former US Airways Executive Vice-President, Marketing and Planning Bruce Ashby has joined Indigo Airlines as their Chief Executive Officer. The Indian Government has approved the airlines' aircraft import plan "in principle". The airline has also acquired 3 parking spots in New Delhi and Mumbai airports.

SpiceJet is a low-cost airline based in New Delhi, India. It began service in May 2005. Earlier known as Royal Airways, it is a reincarnation of ModiLuft. SpiceJet marked its entry in service with Rs. 99 fares for the first 99 days. There were 9000 seats available at this rate. It followed it up with a Rs. 999 promotional scheme on select routes. Their marketing theme is "offering low 'everyday spicy fares' and great guest services to price conscious travelers". It was voted as the best low-cost airline in South Asia and Central Asia region by Skytrax in 2007

Destinations Ahmedabad - Sardar Patel Airport Bagdogra - Bagdogra Airport Bangalore - Bangalore Airport Coimbatore - Peelamedu Airport Delhi - Indira Gandhi Airport Goa - Dabolim Airport Guwahati - Lokapriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport Hyderabad - Shamshabad Airport Jaipur - Sanganer Airport Jammu - Satwari Airport Kolkata - Subhash Chandra Bose Airport Mumbai - Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport Pune - Lohegaon Airport Srinagar - Sheikh ul Alam Airport Varanasi - Babatpur Airport Visakhapatnam - Visakhapatnam Airport

The airline was established in June 2004. On 9 June 2005 Go Air announced that it intended to launch operations in October 2005 with a fleet of 20 leased Airbus A320 aircraft. Initial flights would be in the southern and western areas of India with the first nine A320s, the remaining 11 aircraft being added in the second year. At the time the airline was in discussion with both Airbus and Boeing on the purchase of between 20 and 40 new aircraft, with a contract to be in place by the end of 2005 and with deliveries to start by 2007 .

Destinations Ahmedabad - Sardar Patel Airport Cochin - Nedumbassery Airport Delhi - Indira Gandhi Airport Vasco da Gama - Dabolim Airport Jaipur - Sanganer Airport Jammu - Satwari Airport Mumbai - Chhatrapati Shivaji Airport Srinagar - Sheikh ul Alam Airport

The airline was established on 20 September 1991 and began operations on 3 December 1993 with two Boeing 737-200 aircraft as Sahara Airlines. Initially services were primarily concentrated in the northern sectors of India, keeping Delhi as its base, and then operations were extended to cover all the country. Sahara Airlines was rebranded as Air Sahara on 2 October 2000, although Sahara Airlines remains the carrier's registered name. On 22 March 2004 it became an international carrier with the start of flights from Chennai to Colombo. It is part of the major Sahara India Pariwar business conglomerate. The uncertainty over the airline's fate has caused its share of the domestic Indian air transport market go down from approximately 11% in January 2006 to a reported 8.5% in April.

Destinations Hyderabad - Hyderabad International Airport Visakhapatnam - Visakhapatnam Airport Dibrugarh - Mohanbari Airport Guwahati - Lokpriya Gopinath Bordoloi International Airport Jorhat - Jorhat Airport Raipur - Mana Airport Indira Gandhi International Airport Vasco da Gama - Dabolim Airport Ahmedabad - Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport Jammu and Kashmir Srinagar - Sheikh ul Alam Airport Bangalore - Bangalore Airport

Kochi - Nedumbassery Airport Madhya Pradesh Indore - Devi Ahilyabai Holkar Airport Aurangabad - Chikkalthana Airport Mumbai - Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport Nagpur - Sonegaon Airport Pune - Lohegaon Airport Imphal - Tulihal Airport Bhubaneswar - Biju Patnaik Airport Jaipur - Sanganer Airport Chennai - Meenambakkam Airport Coimbatore - Peelamedu Airport Gorakhpur - Gorakhpur Airport Kolkata - Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport

Paramount Airways is an airline based in Chennai, India. It operates scheduled services, mainly targeting business travellers. Its hub is Chennai International Airport. It is the first airline in India to launch the New Generation Embraer 170/190 family series aircrafts. Paramount Airways is a premium service schedule airline offering competitive fares, and first time direct services to a number of commercial hubs in India, connecting these to primary metros across the country. It is the only airline in India to offer full business class service at prices comparative to normal economy class fares of other airlines.

Destinations Paramount Airways currently flies to 12 destinations throughout South india and West India. The airline added its 12th destination on November 12, 2008 when it resumed service from Pune.

Kingfisher Airlines is an airline based in Bangalore, India. It operates 218 flights a day and has a network of 38 destinations, with regional and long-haul international services. Its main bases are Bangalore International Airport, Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport, Rajiv Gandhi International Airport and Indira Gandhi International Airport. Kingfisher Airlines, through one of its holding companies United Breweries Group, has 50% stake in low-cost carrier Kingfisher Red, formerly known as Air Deccan. About Kingfisher…

India’s Improving Economy India is famous for TOURISM. There are many things for seen like Historical places, Indian culture, temples, so many of foreign people come here and see these places and because of domestic airline they easily can reach there in different places . Aviation industry is also help in developing Indian Economy. India is famous for TOURISM. There are many things for seen like Historical places, Indian culture, temples, so many of foreign people come here and see these places and because of domestic airline they easily can reach there in different places . Aviation industry is also help in developing Indian Economy.

Airplanes are transportation devices which are designed to move people and cargo from one place to another. Airplanes come in many different shapes and sizes depending on the mission of the aircraft. The airplane shown on this slide is a turbine-powered airliner which has been chosen as a representative aircraft. For any airplane to fly, you must lift the weight of the airplane itself, the fuel, the passengers, and the cargo. The wings generate most of the lift to hold the plane in the air. To generate lift, the airplane must be pushed through the air. The jet engines, which are located beneath the wings, provide the thrust to push the airplane forward through the air. The air resists the motion in the form of aerodynamic drag. Some airplanes use propellers for the propulsion system instead of jets. To control and maneuver the aircraft, smaller wings are located at the tail of the plane. The tail usually has a fixed horizontal piece (called the horizontal stabilizer) and a fixed vertical piece (called the vertical stabilizer). The stabilizers' job is to provide stability for the aircraft, to keep it flying straight. The vertical stabilizer keeps the nose of the plane from swinging from side to side, while the horizontal stabilizer prevents an up-and-down motion of the nose. (On the Wright brother's first aircraft, the horizontal stabilizer was placed in front of the wings. Such a configuration is called a canard after the French word for "duck").

At the rear of the wings and stabilizers are small moving sections that are attached to the fixed sections by hinges. In the figure, these moving sections are colored brown. Changing the rear portion of a wing will change the amount of force that the wing produces. The ability to change forces gives us a means of controlling and maneuvering the airplane. The hinged part of the vertical stabilizer is called the rudder; it is used to deflect the tail to the left and right as viewed from the front of the fuselage. The hinged part of the horizontal stabilizer is called the elevator; it is used to deflect the tail up and down. The outboard hinged part of the wing is called the aileron; it is used to roll the wings from side to side. Most airliners can also be rolled from side to side by using the spoilers. Spoilers are small plates that are used to disrupt the flow over the wing and to change the amount of force by decreasing the lift when the spoiler is deployed. The wings have additional hinged, rear sections near the body that are called flaps. Flaps are deployed downward on takeoff and landing to increase the amount of force produced by the wing. On some aircraft, the front part of the wing will also deflect. Slats are used at takeoff and landing to produce additional force. The spoilers are also used during landing to slow the plane down and to counteract the flaps when the aircraft is on the ground. The next time you fly on an airplane, notice how the wing shape changes during takeoff and landing. The fuselage or body of the airplane, holds all the pieces together. The pilots sit in the cockpit at the front of the fuselage. Passengers and cargo are carried in the rear of the fuselage. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. As mentioned above, the aircraft configuration in the figure was chosen only as an example. Individual aircraft may be configured quite differently from this airliner. The Wright Brothers 1903 Flyer had pusher propellers and the elevators at the front of the aircraft. Fighter aircraft often have the jet engines buried inside the fuselage instead of in pods hung beneath the wings. Many fighter aircraft also combine the horizontal stabilizer and elevator into a single stabilator surface. There are many possible aircraft configurations, but any configuration must provide for the four forces needed for flight.

Tools &Technology in aircraft Aircraft communication systems — Satellite aircraft communication systems Aircraft environment controllers — Cabin management systems Aircraft escape or ejection systems — Emergency exit doors and windows; Evacuation slides; Slideraft packs; Window exit escape ropes Aircraft fire control or extinguishing systems — Aircraft fire extinguishing systems Aircraft oxygen equipment — Chemical oxygen generators; Portable oxygen bottles; Protective breathing equipment; Supplemental oxygen systems Cool containers — Refreshment carts; Refrigeration units; Storage compartments Life vests or preservers — Flotation seat cushions; Life preservers Lifeboats or liferafts — Emergency rafts; Sliderafts

Airbus A-300 The Airbus A300 is a short- to medium-range wide body aircraft. Launched in 1972 as the world's first twin-engined wide body, it was the first product of the Airbus consortium of European aerospace companies, wholly owned today by EADS. The A300 ceased production in July 2007, along with the smaller A310. Freighter sales for which the A300 competed are to be fulfilled by a new A330-200F derivative

Airbus also developed three different versions of the plane. The first one was the A300-600 Convertible that could be easily adjusted to carry passengers or cargo. This version hasn’t received any orders. A very popular version is the A300-600F, a fully cargo version of the A300. This version can carry no passengers and has two cargo doors for quick load. It uses two General Electric CF6-80C-2A5 equipped with FADEC system (look at Airbus A320 for more information). Simultaneously, airlines can also choose the Pratt & Whitney PW4158. The aircraft made its first flight in December 2nd 1993. Federal Express placed an order for 25 A300-600F with option for 50 more. Airbus also developed a “strange” version of A300, the A300-600ST, a plane designed to replace the Aerospace lines Guppy that used to transfer the parts of the aircrafts from the factories to the assembly line. The upper part of the fuselage is enlarged so as to carry large parts of aircrafts such as wings, parts of the fuselage etc. The maximum width of the fuselage is 7.37m. These planes are called “ Beluga” and four of them were constructed. Airbus A300 was the first project of Airbus Industries and showed the abilities of the European aircraft manufacturers. Through this aircraft, Airbus managed to compete with the ruling Boeing and this project gave the availability to the company to construct the ultimate planes, the A340 and A320. It will remain as a very useful and efficient aircraft that changed the face of the aircraft design.

Technology Airbus partners employed the latest technology, some derived from the Concorde. On entry into service in 1974, the A300 was very advanced and influenced later subsonic airliner designs. The technological highlights include: Advanced wings by de Havilland (later BAE Systems) with: supercritical airfoil section for economical performance advanced aerodynamically efficient flight controls 222-inch diameter circular fuselage section for 8-abreast passenger seating and wide enough for 2 LD3 cargo containers side-by-side Structures made from metal billets, reducing weight First airliner to be fitted with wind shear protection Advanced autopilots capable of flying the aircraft from climb-out to landing Electrically controlled braking system

Later A300s incorporate other advanced features such as 2-man crew by automating the flight engineer's functions, an industry first Glass cockpit flight instruments Extensive use of composites for an aircraft of its era Center-of-gravity control by shifting around fuel The first airliner to use wingtip fences for better aerodynamics All these made the A300 a substitute for the widebody trijets such as McDonnell Douglas DC-10 and Lockheed L-1011 for short to medium routes. On the early versions, Airbus used the same engines and similar major systems as the DC-10

A cockpit is the area, usually near the front of an aircraft, from which a pilot controls the aircraft. Most modern cockpits are enclosed, except on some small aircraft, and cockpits on large airliners are also physically separated from the cabin. Cockpit as a term for the pilot's compartment in an aircraft first appeared in 1914. From about 1935 cockpit also came to be used informally to refer to the driver's seat of a car, especially a high performance one, and this is official terminology in Formula One. The term is most likely related to the sailing term for the coxswain's station in a Royal Navy ship, and later the location of the ship's rudder controls. The cockpit of an aircraft contains flight instruments, called an instrument panel, and the controls which enable the pilot to fly the aircraft. In most large airliners, a door separates the cockpit from the passenger compartment. After the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, all major airlines fortified the cockpit against unauthorized access by hijackers.

On an airliner, the cockpit is usually referred to as the flight deck. This term derives from its use by the RAF for the separate, upper platform where the pilot and co-pilot sat in large flying boats. The first airplane with an enclosed cabin appeared in 1913 on Igo Sikorsky's airplane The Grand . However, during the 1920s there were many passenger aircraft in which the crew were open to the air while the passengers sat in a cabin. Military biplanes and the first single-engined fighters and attack aircraft also had open cockpits into the Second World War. Early airplanes with closed cockpits were the 1924 Fokker tri-motor, the 1926 Ford Tri-Motor, the 1927 Lockheed Vega, the Spirit of St. Louis, the 1931 Taylor Cub, German Junkers used as military transports, and the passenger aircraft manufactured by the Douglas and Boeing companies during the mid-1930s. Open-cockpit airplanes were almost extinct by the mid-1950s, with the exception of training planes and crop-dusters. Cockpit windows may be equipped with a sun shield. Most cockpits have windows which can be opened when the aircraft is on the ground. Nearly all glass windows in large aircraft have a Anti-reflective coating, and an internal heating element to melt ice. Smaller aircraft may be equipped with a transparent aircraft canopy.

Cargo Air cargo is commonly known as freight. There are many firms which collect freight from a shipper and deliver it to the customer such as Night freight or UPS. Aircraft were first used for carrying mail as cargo in 1911, but eventually manufacturers started designing aircraft for freight as well. There are many commercial aircraft suitable for carrying cargo such as the Boeing 747 and the bigger An-124, which were purpose built to be easily converted to a cargo aircraft. Such very large aircraft also employ quick loading containers known as ULDs much like containerized cargo ships.

Cargo airlines (or airfreight carriers, and derivatives of these names) are airlines dedicated to the transport of cargo. Some cargo airlines are divisions or subsidiaries of larger passenger airlines

CABIN CREW Flight attendants or cabin crew (historically known as stewards, air hosts/hostesses, or stewardesses ) are members of an aircrew employed by airlines to ensure the safety and comfort of the passengers aboard commercial flights as well as on select business jet aircraft AN EMPLOYEE OF AN AIRLINE WHO IS PRIMARILY RESPONSIBLE FOR THE SAFETY AND COMFORT O PASSENGERS DURING THEIR FLIGHT IS CALLED A CABIN CREW

Duties of a Cabin Crew Direct and assist passengers in the event of an emergency, such as directing passengers to evacuate a plane following an emergency landing. Announce and demonstrate safety and emergency procedures such as the use of oxygen masks, seat belts, and life jackets Walk aisles of planes to verify that passengers have complied with federal regulations prior to take-offs and landings. Verify that first aid kits and other emergency equipment, including fire extinguishers and oxygen bottles, are in working order. Administer first aid to passengers in distress. Attend preflight briefings concerning weather, altitudes, routes, emergency procedures, crew coordination, lengths of flights, food and beverage services offered, and numbers of passengers. Prepare passengers and aircraft for landing, following procedures. Determine special assistance needs of passengers such as small children, the elderly, or disabled persons. Check to ensure that food, beverages, blankets, reading material, emergency equipment, and other supplies are aboard and are in adequate supply. Reassure passengers when situations such as turbulence are encountered.

Qualities of A Cabin Crew TECHNICHAL KNOWLEDGE MATURITY ADAPTABILITY JUDGEMENT TACT DIPLOMACY GROOMING ATTITUDE

FRIENDLY EMPATHETIC SINCERE DEDICATED GOOD LISTENER A GOOD COMMUNICATOR

Alcoholic Beverages Admiral Nelson's Rum, Premium Merlot Coors, Beefeater Gin ,Premium Chardonnay Coors, Light Canadian, Mist Heineken, Chivas Regal Scotch, Brandy Liquors,Molson,Finlandia Vodka, Amaretto, New Castle, Jack Daniels Black Label, Amarula , Courvoisier .

Non- Alcoholic Coca cola Classic Diet Coke Coca cola Zero Sprite Sprite Zero Dasani bottled water Canada Dry Milk Tea Java city hand –roasted regular/decaffeinated coffees

Others Special Meal services Asian Baby Child Bland Diabetic Gluten-free Kosher Low-sodium Muslim Seafood (cold) Vegetarian (Pure)

Special Passengers Unaccompanied Minor: A child or infant who is 3 month of age or over but under 12 yrs of age. Invalid passenger & mentally challenged passenger: Passengers whose physically or mentally condition may give the carrier concern for their health and elderly passengers (aged over 75) are permitted to travel upon presentation of a medical certificate stating that their health does not prevent them from flying.

Unaccompanied Minor THE PASSENGER IS BOARDED FIRST AND DE-PLANED LAST THE GROUND STAFF HAND OVER THE MINOR TO THE CABIN CREW IN CHARGE OF THE SECTION IN WHICH THE MINOR IS TO BE SEATED ALL PAPERS & DOCUMENTATION ARE GIVEN TO THE CABIN CREW THEY ARE TO BE CHECK THOROUGHLY EMERGENCY PROCEDURES SUCH AS USAGE OF OXYGEN MASKS AND FASTENING OF SEAT BELTS IS TOLD TO THE UNM THE LOCATION OF THE GALLEYS , TOILETS AND CREW SEATS ARE SHOWN TO THEM

Children in the age group of 5 to 11, holding a confirmed reservation and traveling alone qualify as Unaccompanied Minors. We take the responsibility of escorting them safely to their destination. Kingfisher Airlines Ltd. personnel assist in check-in and boarding process and introduce the child to the flight attendants on board. Our flight attendants take special care of the child to ensure a comfortable and enjoyable flight. At the destination our staff escorts the child to the arrival terminal and meets the person named on the UNM form. Only after checking the credential of the assigned person is the child released.

SUDDEN PASSENGER COLLAPSE FIRST SPRINKLE SOME WATER ON HIS FACE GIVE SOME WATER TO DRINK

Scalding by hot beverage Washed by using cold water and apply some medicines

Choking Choking is the mechanical obstruction of the flow of air from the environment into the lungs. Chocking prevents breathing and can be partial or complete, with partial choking allow some, although inadequate, flow of air into the lungs. Prolonged or complete choking results in asphyxiation which leads to hypoxia and is potentially fatal

Choking can be caused by: Introduction of a foreign object into the airway, which becomes lodged in the pharynx, larynx or trachea. Respiratory diseases that involves obstruction of the airway. Compression of the laryngopharynx, larynx or trachea in strangles

Chocking First loosened out of cloth and give water

Conclusion This work helped me to Identify the parts of an aircraft,cockpit,roles of a cabin crew. This also helped me in knowing more about Airbus A300. I got an idea about the emergencies that we will have to face. I came to know about the safety and emergency equipments also.

Bibliography www.Google.com www.wikepedia.com Aviation module from frank Finn Aviation times

Declaration I, Minu Pauline here by declare that all the above work has been done by myself.

Aviation assignment frankfinn

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Aviation assignment frankfinn