MIS 08 Geographical Information System
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This document discusses Geographic Information Systems (GIS), outlining its components, functionality, and applications across various sectors including government, private industry, and NGOs. It emphasizes the importance of GIS in managing spatial data for decision-making processes and addresses its role in environmental planning and resource management. Additionally, the document highlights the evolution of GIS technology and its integration into broader spatial data infrastructures.
MIS 08 Geographical Information System
- 1. Management information systemThird Year Information TechnologyPart 08Geographical Information SystemTushar B Kute,Department of Information Technology,Sandip Institute of Technology and Research Centre, Nashikhttp://www.tusharkute.com
- 2. Flying BlindJul 24th 2003 The Economist
- 3. We Live in Two WorldsNatural WorldConstructed WorldManagedSelf-Regulating. . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict
- 4. Managing PlacesSeeing the WholeContext and ContentWatershedsCommunitiesNeighborhoodsDistrictsPatternsLinkagesTrends
- 5. Abstracting the Real World
- 6. What is GIS?A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic informationA GIS can:create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer
- 7. Geographic Information SystemGeographic – 80% of government data collected is associated with some location in spaceInformation - attributes, or thecharacteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given locationSystem – a seamless operation linking the information to the geography – which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures …not just software! …not just for making maps!
- 8. Who uses GIS?International organizationsUN HABITAT, The World Bank, UNEP, FAO, WHO, etc.Private industryTransport, Real Estate, Insurance, etc. Government Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, etc.Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc.Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc.Non-profit organizations/NGO’sWorld Resources Institute, ICMA, etc.Academic and Research InstitutionsSmithsonian Institution, CIESIN, etc.
- 9. The possibilities are unlimited…Environmental impact assessmentResource managementLand use planningTax MappingWater and Sanitation MappingTransportation routingand more ...What can you do with a GIS?
- 10. How does a GIS work?GIS data has a spatial/geographic referenceThis might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using:a latitude & longitudea national coordinate systeman addressa districta wetland identifiera road name
- 11. Very high3 Scrub17ClayPolygonA GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geographyGeography and Databases
- 12. 107’VectorsDimensionsTopologySurveysABCNetworksImagesAnnotationCADDrawings27 Main St.3D ObjectsAttributesAddressesTerrainGIS provides Data Integration Roads
- 13. Land Parcels
- 14. Population
- 15. Utilities
- 16. Land Mines
- 17. Hospitals
- 18. Refugee Camps
- 19. Wells
- 20. SanitationTwo fundamental types of dataVector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygonsRaster Grid and cellsFor continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfacesA Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
- 22. Other features of a GISProduce good cartographic products (translation = maps)Generate and maintain metadataUse and share geoprocessing modelsManaging data in a geodatabase using data models for each sector
- 23. Hint – having GIS software does not a cartographer make!Good to know something about these issues when creating a map and doing spatial analysis… Scale/ResolutionProjectionBasic cartographic principles regarding design, generalization, etc.
- 24. SocietalProjectsSystemsNetworksIntegratedCoordinatedCooperativeCollaborativeGIS is (rapidly) evolving
- 25. GIS as part of your decision making process…Problem Statement – ?????*GeospatialdataGround-BaseddataSocio-EconomicdataOtherAncillarydataFormulate the questionObserve, acquire data* AddedAnalyzeMitigate and changeSeek solutionsDiagram courtesy of Michael Goodchild, UCSB
- 26. Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)Definition - the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial dataPart of many nation’s e-Gov strategywww.GSDI.org
- 28. World Summit on Sustainable Development 2002 “Promote the development and wider use of earth observation technologies, including satellite remote sensing, global mapping and geographic information systems, to collect quality data on environmental impacts, land use and land use changes.”
- 31. Monitoring fair trade - local banana farmers
- 32. GIS for planning underdeveloped areasA Tale of Two CitiesThe formal and the informalBoth deserve GIS… complexity is not an accuse!Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 33. GIS for planning underdeveloped areasUrban poverty measured in terms of quantity and quality of public space.The lack of public open space.Barrios have a percentage of public space between 5% and 10%. In the average city total space constitute over 30% of the total space.The absence of adequate infrastructure,Urban furniture and maintenance which combined produces unhealthy and insecure conditions.Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 34. GIS for planning underdeveloped areasDEALING WITH A COMPLEX MORPHOLOGY REQUIERES: Understanding the existing physical orderIdentifying the social order conformed by community ties and with no physical evidenceTransformation capacity is determined through a detailed review of the built formSource: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 35. GIS for planning underdeveloped areasAnalysis of the social network and community tiesSustainability is preserving the small social groupsThe social network is topology related.Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 36. Achieving the MDGs requires all of us……working together!
- 37. referenceWamanJawadekar, "Management Information Systems” , 4th Edition, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
- 38. E. Turban, J. Aronson, T.P. Liang, R. Sharda, “Decision Support and Business Intelligence Systems”, 8th Edition, Pearson Education.