Introduction to GIS for basic student and other IT staff
- 1. Introduction to Geographic Information Systems (GIS) - with a focus on localizing the MDGs Carmelle J. Terborgh, Ph.D. ESRI www.esri.com
- 2. Flying Blind Jul 24th 2003 Jul 24th 2003 The Economist The Economist
- 3. We Live in Two Worlds We Live in Two Worlds Self-Regulating Managed Natural World Constructed World . . . These Are Increasingly In Conflict
- 4. • Watersheds • Communities • Neighborhoods • Districts Context and Content Context and Content • Patterns • Linkages • Trends Seeing the Whole Managing Places
- 6. Abstracting the Real World Abstracting the Real World
- 7. What is GIS? • A Geographic Information System (GIS) is a computer-based system including software, hardware, people, and geographic information • A GIS can: create, edit, query, analyze, and display map information on the computer
- 8. Geographic Information System Geographic Information System • Geographic – 80% of government data collected is associated with some location in space • Information - attributes, or the characteristics (data), can be used to symbolize and provide further insight into a given location • System – a seamless operation linking the information to the geography – which requires hardware, networks, software, data, and operational procedures …not just software! …not just for making maps!
- 9. Who uses GIS? Who uses GIS? • International organizations UN HABITAT, The World Bank, UNEP, FAO, WHO, etc. • Private industry Transport, Real Estate, Insurance, etc. • Government Ministries of Environment, Housing, Agriculture, etc. Local Authorities, Cities, Municipalities, etc. Provincial Agencies for Planning, Parks, Transportation, etc. • Non-profit organizations/NGO’s World Resources Institute, ICMA, etc. • Academic and Research Institutions Smithsonian Institution, CIESIN, etc.
- 10. • The possibilities are unlimited… Environmental impact assessment Resource management Land use planning Tax Mapping Water and Sanitation Mapping Transportation routing and more ... What can you do with a GIS? What can you do with a GIS?
- 11. How does a GIS work? How does a GIS work? • GIS data has a spatial/geographic reference This might be a reference that describes a feature on the earth using: • a latitude & longitude • a national coordinate system • an address • a district • a wetland identifier • a road name
- 12. • A GIS stores information about the world as a collection of thematic layers that can be linked together by geography Polygon 3 Scrub 17 Very high Clay Geography and Databases Geography and Databases
- 13. GIS provides GIS provides Data Integration Data Integration Vectors Vectors Topology Topology Networks Networks Terrain Terrain Surveys Surveys Images Images CAD CAD Drawings Drawings Annotation Annotation Addresses Addresses 27 Main St. 27 Main St. Attributes Attributes ABC ABC 107’ 107’ 3D Objects 3D Objects Dimensions Dimensions • Roads • Land Parcels • Population • Utilities • Land Mines • Hospitals • Refugee Camps • Wells • Sanitation
- 14. Two fundamental types of data Two fundamental types of data • Vector A series of x,y coordinates For discrete data represented as points, lines, polygons • Raster Grid and cells For continuous data such as elevation, slope, surfaces • A Desktop GIS should be able to handle both types of data effectively!
- 15. Raster Vector Real World Data Representation Data Representation
- 16. Other features of a GIS Other features of a GIS • Produce good cartographic products (translation = maps) • Generate and maintain metadata • Use and share geoprocessing models • Managing data in a geodatabase using data models for each sector
- 17. Hint – having GIS software does Hint – having GIS software does not a cartographer make! not a cartographer make! • Good to know something about these issues when creating a map and doing spatial analysis… Scale/Resolution Projection Basic cartographic principles regarding design, generalization, etc.
- 18. GIS is (rapidly) evolving GIS is (rapidly) evolving Projects Systems Networks Integrated Coordinated Cooperative Societal Collaborative
- 19. Problem Statement – ????? * Formulate the question Mitigate and change Seek solutions Observe, acquire data Analyze Diagram courtesy of Michael Goodchild, UCSB Geospatial data Socio- Economic data Ground- Based dataOther Ancillary data * Added GIS as part of your GIS as part of your decision making process… decision making process…
- 20. Spatial Data Infrastructure Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) (SDI) • Definition - the technology, policies, standards, human resources, and related activities necessary to acquire, process, distribute, use, maintain, and preserve spatial data • Part of many nation’s e-Gov strategy • www.GSDI.org
- 22. World Summit on World Summit on Sustainable Development Sustainable Development 2002 2002 “ “Promote the development and Promote the development and wider use of earth observation wider use of earth observation technologies, including satellite technologies, including satellite remote sensing, global mapping remote sensing, global mapping and and geographic information geographic information systems systems, to collect quality data on , to collect quality data on environmental impacts, land use environmental impacts, land use and land use changes.” and land use changes.”
- 25. Monitoring fair trade - Monitoring fair trade - local banana farmers local banana farmers
- 26. A Tale of Two Cities The formal and the informal Both deserve GIS… complexity is not an accuse! GIS for planning underdeveloped areas GIS for planning underdeveloped areas Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 27. The lack of public open space. Barrios have a percentage of public space between 5% and 10%. In the average city total space constitute over 30% of the total space. Urban poverty measured in terms of quantity and quality of public space. The absence of adequate infrastructure, Urban furniture and maintenance which combined produces unhealthy and insecure conditions. GIS for planning underdeveloped areas GIS for planning underdeveloped areas Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 28. DEALING WITH A COMPLEX MORPHOLOGY REQUIERES: Understanding the existing physical order Identifying the social order conformed by community ties and with no physical evidence Transformation capacity is determined through a detailed review of the built form GIS for planning underdeveloped areas GIS for planning underdeveloped areas Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 29. Sustainability is preserving the small social groups Analysis of the social network and community ties The social network is topology related. GIS for planning underdeveloped areas GIS for planning underdeveloped areas Source: Rosario Giusti de Perez
- 30. … …working together! working together! Achieving the MDGs Achieving the MDGs requires all of us… requires all of us…
Editor's Notes
- #23: Left - Africa Food Balance is a supply, demand and balance GIS process. Demand is subtracted from supply to derive food balance, showing areas of surplus and shortage. The GIS model allocates 1998 FAOSTAT domestic and import food production to produce domestic and import calorie supply surfaces for the entire African continent. Right - The Africa water balance model draws total average annual water demand from total average annual renewable water supply to estimate a regional scale watershed water balance. Water supply is derived from ESRI ArcAtlas groundwater discharge and runoff, and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Geophysical Data Center precipitation and evapotranspiration.
- #24: Org: UNAM Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Name: Enrique Soto Alva and Adri∑n BenÃtez Ortega E-mail: ensoa@servidor.unam.mx Software: Arc Info for Workstation and Arc View GIS for PC Hardware: Silicon Graphics O2, Sun, Compaq deskpro The map was created to explain the process of overlaid maps as different indicators of urban poverty in the metropolitan area of Mexico City. The upper map is the summary. The GIS is used to analyze poor areas at a detailed urban scale. File1.jpg
- #25: ArcIMS applications used with local farmers to ensure fair trade.