Mod03 linking and accelerating

Linking and AcceleratingLinking and Accelerating
Module 3

eld Basic Operationeld Basic Operation
Inputs
◦ Code 800 files
◦ Linkfiles
Outputs
◦ Code 800 files
◦ Linkfiles
◦ Loadfile
◦ Dynamic-link library (DLL)
3 - Linking and Accelerating 2

Linking a Multi-Module C programLinking a Multi-Module C program
◦ C program
 Guardian environment:
 eld –o outfile $system.system.ccplmain
inmod1 inmod2 -lcrtl –lcre
 OSS from Guardian environment:
 eld –o outfile –set systype oss $system.system.ccplmain
inmod1 inmod2 -l crtl –l cre
◦ C++
 Version 3
 eld –o outfile inmod1 inmod2 $system.system.ccplmain
-lzcppcdll –lzcpp3dll

Linking a Multi-Module COBOL ProgramLinking a Multi-Module COBOL Program
1> ecobol /in callprog/callo;symbols
2> ecobol /in mainprog/maino;symbols
3> eld -o myexe callo maino -l cob
ecobol
ecobol
eld
mainprog
callprog callo
maino
myexe
1
2
3
zcobdll

eld and Symbolseld and Symbols
Missing Symbols
◦ Unlike nld, eld knows which procedures exist in
system library
◦ By default, eld considers it an error if you refer to
a symbol and the symbol does not exist
 You can change this with the
-unres_symbols option: error, warn, ignore
◦ By default, your program cannot run if it refers to
a symbol that does not exist.
 You can change this with the
–set rld_unresolved option: error, warn, ignore

Unresolved References — Default BehaviorUnresolved References — Default Behavior
 60> eld -o myexe maino -l cob
 eld - TNS/E Native Mode Linker - T0608H01^AAG - 26JAN2007
 **** INFORMATIONAL MESSAGE **** [1019]:
 Using DLL RUBY.$SYSTEM.zdll002a.zcobdll.
 Using the zimpimp file RUBY.$SYSTEM.SYS00.ZIMPIMP.
 **** ERROR **** [1210]:
 maino: In function `CONCEPTS-REQ':
maino(.text_1+0x1202):
unresolved reference to GET-SECOND-NUMBER.
 No output file created.
 1 error reported.
 No warnings reported.
 2 informational messages reported.

Unresolved References — Optional BehaviorUnresolved References — Optional Behavior
 61> eld -o myexe maino -l cob -unres_symbols warn
 **** WARNING **** [1254]:
 Output file: myexe (program file)
 Output file timestamp: Aug 5 12:57:03 2008
 No errors reported.
 1 warning reported.

Unresolved References — Optional BehaviorUnresolved References — Optional Behavior
 62> run myexe
 *** RLD ERROR ***: Unresolved Text Symbol GET-SECOND-NUMBER in
file RUBY.$FC1.TERRYG.MYEXE.
 *ERROR* PROCESS_CREATE_ Error: 74
 63>

Unresolved References — Additional OptionUnresolved References — Additional Option
 63> eld -o myexe maino -l cob -unres_symbols warn -set rld_unresolved
warn
 **** WARNING **** [1254]:
 Output file: myexe (program file)
 Output file timestamp: Aug 5 12:57:50 2008
 No errors reported.
 1 warning reported.

Unresolved References — Additional OptionUnresolved References — Additional Option
 64> run myexe
 *** RLD WARNING ***: Unresolved Text Symbol GET-SECOND-NUMBER in
file RUBY.$FC1.TERRYG.MYEXE.
 Undefined externals
 YOU HAVE JUST STARTED THE PROCESS.
 ENTER FIRST NUMBER (max. 3 digits) [or 0 to stop]:
 ?12
 RUBY.$:1:956:4925776 - *** Run-time Error 003 ***
 RUBY.$:1:956:4925776 - Instruction failure
 RUBY.$:1:956:4925776 - From ---
 RUBY.$:1:956:4925776 - UNRESOLVED_PROCEDURE_CALLED_ + 0x2 (SLr)
 RUBY.$:1:956:4925776 - CONCEPTS-REQ + 0x1210 (UCr)
 ABENDED: 1,956
 CPU time: 0:00:00.004
 3: Premature process termination with fatal errors or diagnostics
 65>

Creating a DLLCreating a DLL
 eld inmod1 inmod2 -dll
 -dllname dllfilename [–set floattype neutral]
 [-set cppdialect cppneutral] –export_all

Changing Object AttributesChanging Object Attributes
Updates existing code 800 file:
 eld –change <attribute> <value> <filename>
◦ Example:
 eld –change inspect off myprog

PublicPublic Libraries (from SRL to DLL)Libraries (from SRL to DLL)
◦ All NonStop H-series libraries are packaged as DLLs rather
than SRLs - SRLs are not supported onTNS/E systems
◦ TheTNS/E libraries have different names - Change build
procedures that specifically refer to the libraries
Library TNS/R TNS/E*
COBOL run-time library COBSRL ZCOBDLL
Common Run-time Environment (CRE) ZCRESRL ZCREDLL
C run-time library ZCRTSRL ZCREDLL
C++ VERSION1 ZCPLGSRL Not supported
C++ VERSION2 ZCPLSRL +
ZRWSLSRL
ZCPPCDLL +
ZCPP2DLL
Tools.H++ 7.0 ZTLHSRL ZTLH7DLL
C++ VERSION3
(ANSI/ISO Standard)
ZSTDSRL ZCPPCDLL +
ZCPP3DLL
133 - Linking and Accelerating

Examining an Object FileExamining an Object File
◦ New tool — enoft
◦ Many commands identical to noft
 listproc, listsource, listcompilers, listattribute,
listoptimize, listunresolved, dumpproc, and so forth
◦ Some commands changed
 listsrlinfo -> liblist
 set out -> log

enoft Examplesenoft Examples
 34> enoft
 TNS/E Native Object File Tool [T2823 - Jul 9 2008]
 enoft> file cobex
 Object File: RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.cobex
 Format Type: ELF64-bit, Big_Endian, IA64, PIC_Program (loadfile)
 enoft> listproc *
 ******** List of Procedures
 UwNdx Proc_Addr Proc_Name
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 0 0x700008c0 #import_stubs
 1 0x70000a40 CALCULATOR
 2 0x700027c0 __INIT__0_CALCULATOR_
 3 0x70002900 __INIT__1_CALCULATOR_
 4 0x70002a40 GET-SECOND-NUMBER
 5 0x700035c0 __INIT__0_GET-SECOND-NUMBER_
 6 0x70003700 #end_of_code

 enoft> la
 ******** List of Common File Attributes
 Name: RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.cobex
 File Format: ELF64-bit, Big_Endian, IA64
 Type: PIC_Program (loadfile)
 Debugging Symbols: Yes
 Float-Point Type: NEUTRAL_FLOAT
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 Float-overrule: No
 System Type: Guardian
 Creation Timestamp: 2008-11-11 08:57:35
 Process Subtype: 0
 Highrequestors: Yes
 Runnamed: No
 Highpin: Yes
 Saveabend: No
 PRIV or CALLABLE Main: No
 CALLABLE Procs: No
 Default Debugger: Visual Inspect
 Languages and Dialects: Asm Cobol Ptal C
 Instrumented File: No

 enoft> ls * detail
 ******** List of Source Files (Compilation Units)
 Source: 0 RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.MAINCOB
 Compiler: Cobol85
 Descript: HP TNS/E COBOL T0356H01_01AUG2008_20JUL2008_AAU +
T1246H01_01AUG2008_1
 8JUL2008_PRODUCT_AAM_GRD_E_10_1
 Compiled: 2008-11-11 08:57:29 (TimeStamp at Compile site)
 File: 1 RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.MAINCOB
 Time: 2008-11-11 08:56:50
 Size: 1718
 Source: 1 RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.CALLCOB
 Compiler: Cobol85
 Descript: HP TNS/E COBOL T0356H01_01AUG2008_20JUL2008_AAU +
T1246H01_01AUG2008_1
 8JUL2008_PRODUCT_AAM_GRD_E_10_1
 Compiled: 2008-11-11 08:57:19 (TimeStamp at Compile site)
 File: 1 RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.CALLCOB
 Time: 2008-11-11 08:57:11
 Size: 1154

 enoft> lu *
 ******** List of Unresolved (undefined) Symbols
 SymNdx Symbol_Name
 -----------------------------------------------------------------
 30 COBLIB_ACCEPT_
 31 _SharedMilli_MOVB_FWD_NOOVERLAP
 32 COBLIB_INITIALIZER_
 35 COBLIB_ABEND_
 37 COBLIB_DISPLAY_
 38 COBLIB_INITIALIZATION_COMPLETE_
 43 COBLIB_ERROR_
 48 _SharedMilli_CQA
 49 COBLIB_INIT_PROG_
 51 COBLIB_STOP_
 52 COBLIB_COMP_ALL_1_
 Number of symbols matching scope: 11

Object Code Accelerator (OCA)Object Code Accelerator (OCA)
◦ Operates on Guardian-based code 100 files
 May already be TNS/R accelerated
◦ Adds Itanium Processor Family (IPF) instructions
 Adds calls to millicode routines
◦ Uses symbols region, if present
 Produces more efficient code
 Can strip after acceleration
◦ Controllable by Binder options
◦ Use SQLCOMP after acceleration

OCA Items to Watch forOCA Items to Watch for
◦ Disabled overflow traps
 Should test for overflow using $OVERFLOW or ONSIZE
◦ Trap handlers
 Register contents are not precise
◦ P-relative addresses
 Cannot be passed as parameters in UC
◦ References to system global data
 Instruction Failure exception
◦ Odd-byte references
 Various behaviors
◦ Single-word shift statements with dynamic shift count
 Shift count > 31 gives undefined result
◦ May affect debugging ability

Object Code Accelerator — ExampleObject Code Accelerator — Example
6> oca
OCA - T0448H01 - 01MAY05 - (May 28 2008 15:55:33)
Copyright Hewlett-Packard, 1988-2005
OCA Syntax Summary
oca [/run-options/] input-file [; option-list ]
input-file is the name of a fully bound, runnable,
type-100 TNS code file.
option-list
is one or more command line options:
[ { SL }
{ UL }

Object Code Accelerator — ExampleObject Code Accelerator — Example
 TALEX 100 15496 11NOV2008 7:57 34,26 OOOO 14 14
 26> oca talex
 OCA - T0448H01 - 01MAY05 - (May 28 2008 15:55:33)
 Copyright Hewlett-Packard, 1988-2005
 Option summary: No options
 262 TNS instruction words; 524 bytes
 445 Itanium bundles; 7120 bytes
 13.59 inline code expansion factor
 1.70 Itanium bundles per TNS instruction
 TNS file name: talex
 Binder region present
 Symbols region present
 Mips region not present
 Accelerated as User Code segment 0 through 0
 0 Errors were detected
 0 Warnings were issued
 Accelerated file name: talex
 Accelerated for TNS/E on Nov 11 2008 07:58:15
 Acceleration completed on Nov 11 2008 07:58:15
 CPU Time 0:00:00.050
 TALEX 100 30720 11NOV2008 7:58 34,26 OOOO 56 56

Determining If Program AcceleratedDetermining If Program Accelerated
 23> fileinfo obj*
 $FC1.TERRYG
 CODE EOF LAST MODIFIED OWNER RWEP
 OBJC 100 12282 08AUG2008 12:32 34,26 OOOO
 OBJCE 100 28672 08AUG2008 12:34 34,26 OOOO
 OBJCR 100 24576 08AUG2008 12:33 34,26 OOOO
 OBJCRE 100 40960 08AUG2008 12:35 34,26 OOOO
 24> vproc objc
 VPROC - T9617H01 - (01 OCT 2004) SYSTEM RUBY Date 08 AUG 2008, 12:37:03
 $FC1.TERRYG.OBJC
 Binder timestamp: 08AUG2008 12:32:44
 Version procedure: >> NO T9xxx PROC <<
 Target CPU: UNSPECIFIED
Not accelerated

Determining If Program AcceleratedDetermining If Program Accelerated
 25> vproc objce
 $FC1.TERRYG.OBJCE
 OCA timestamp: 08AUG2008 12:34:51
 26> vproc objcre
 $FC1.TERRYG.OBJCRE
 AXCEL timestamp: 08AUG2008 12:33:28
 OCA timestamp: 08AUG2008 12:35:15
TNS/R accelerated
TNS/E accelerated
TNS/E accelerated

BINDER – Disabling AccelerationBINDER – Disabling Acceleration
◦ Display current setting:
 SHOW OCA ENABLE FROM <file-name>
◦ Control whether program can be accelerated:
 CHANGE OCA ENABLE ON|OFF IN <file-name>
 6> bind
 BINDER - OBJECT FILE BINDER - T9621H01 SYSTEM
RUBY
 @change oca enable off in objc
 @exit
 7> oca objc output_file objce
 OCA - T0448H01 - 01MAY05 - (Mar 19 2007 14:40:27)
 *** Error 9:Translation of file objc is inhibited.
◦ Strip accelerated region:
 STRIP <file-name>, IPF

TNSVUTNSVU ——
Accelerated Object ExaminerAccelerated Object Examiner
28> tnsvu talex
TNSVU - May 28 2008 16:13:21
Copyright Hewlett-Packard, 2000-2005
Viewing on Tue Nov 11 08:01:05 2008
Opened file talex
talex>

TNSVU HelpTNSVU Help
talex> help
TNSVU Command Summary
Commands are not case-sensitive; file and procedure names are.
More information is available using "HELP command-name".
LOG - Opens a text file in which TNSVU records all text
LOGAPPEND written to the screen (including typed commands).
ENDLOG - Closes a log file.
OPEN - Opens a type-100 TNS object file for viewing.
FILEINFO - Displays general information about the open file.
PROCINFO - Displays general information about a procedure.
PROCS - Displays the names of procedures in the object file
LOCAL - Displays the names of local millicode routines
MILLICODE - Displays the names of emulation and shared millicode
routines.
EXTERNALS - Displays the names of external (system or user)
library routines.
ICODE - Displays Itanium and TNS instructions.
HISTORY - Displays previously-issued commands.

TNSVU HelpTNSVU Help
 TNSHEADER - Displays the TNS file header.
 OCAHEADER - Displays the Itanium region header.
 AXCELHEADER - Displays the Axcel region header.
 DUMPPMAPS - Displays Pmaps.
 OPTIONS - Displays translation options.
 TNStoIPF - Converts TNS address to Itanium.
 IPFtoTNS - Converts Itanium address to TNS.
 XEP - Displays proc targets of XEP entries.
 VERSION - Displays the OCAVersion field of the OCAHeader.
 EXACTPTS - Displays the exact points in the given procedure.
 OBEY - Reads TNSVU commands from the given text file.
 LIMIT - Overrides limit on # of TNS instrs printed by
'ICODE procname'.
 COMPARE - Compare IPF code from the current file
with the given file.
 LINENUMTOTNS - Converts a source line number to a TNS code location.
 TNSTOLINENUM - Converts a TNS code location to a source line number.
 SOURCESUBVOL - Display source from files in the given subvol.
 SOURCE OFF - Turn off source code display.
 SOURCE ON - Turn on source code display (on by default).

TNSVU Example — FILEINFOTNSVU Example — FILEINFO
talex> fileinfo
Examining file talex
Occupies code segment 0 through 0 in User Code
space 0x1bd Itanium bundles
Translated on Nov 11 2008 07:58:15
using an OCA built on May 28 2008 15:55:33
Accelerator region: 0x0 for 0x0 bytes
Itanium region: 0x4000 for 0x3008 bytes
Symbols region: 0x2000 for 0xb12 bytes
Binder region: 0x2c00 for 0x1088 bytes
talex>

TNSVU Example — PROCSTNSVU Example — PROCS
talex> procs
Procedures:
DISPLAY_INITIAL_REQ_MESSAGE
CSEG 0 PEP# 02 TNS Base: 05 TNS Size: 071 TNS Entry: 05
Itanium code: 0x70420480 Itanium bundles: 0x3a Itanium entry:
0x70420480
Implemented in TAL in source file RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.MAINP
line 36.0 to 44.0
GET_SECOND_NUMBER
Itanium code: 0x70421500 Itanium bundles: 0x6d Itanium entry:
0x70421500
Implemented in TAL in source file RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.CALLP
line 10.0 to 27.0
MAIN_PROG
Itanium code: 0x70420820 Itanium bundles: 0xce Itanium entry:
0x70420820
Implemented in TAL in source file RUBY.$FC1.TGTNSE.MAINP
line 46.0 to 84.0
talex>

TNSVU Example — LOCALTNSVU Example — LOCAL
talex> local
Local millicode routines:
Entry: 0x70420090 NumBundles: 0x4 0 _LocalMilli_RPMispredicted
Entry: 0x704200d0 NumBundles: 0x4 0 _LocalMilli_ToOCI
Entry: 0x70420110 NumBundles: 0xe 0 _LocalMilli_EXIT
Entry: 0x704201f0 NumBundles: 0x6 0 _LocalMilli_MapTNStoIPF_Calc
Entry: 0x70420250 NumBundles: 0x8 0 _LocalMilli_MapTNStoIPF
Entry: 0x704202d0 NumBundles: 0x4 0 _LocalMilli_BTST
Entry: 0x70420310 NumBundles: 0x2 0 _LocalMilli_TNSArithOverflow
Entry: 0x70420330 NumBundles: 0x4 0 _LocalMilli_64bitAddArithOv
Entry: 0x70420370 NumBundles: 0x8 0 _LocalMilli_QMPY
Entry: 0x70420000 NumBundles: 0x3 0 _LocalMilli_OCATraceEnter
Entry: 0x70420030 NumBundles: 0x3 0 _LocalMilli_OCATraceExit
Entry: 0x70420060 NumBundles: 0x3 0 _LocalMilli_OCATracePmapJump
Entry: 0x704203f0 NumBundles: 0x9 0 _LocalMilli_CallSharedMilli
talex>

TNSVU Example — EXTERNALSTNSVU Example — EXTERNALS
talex> externals
Library procedures external to this code space
WRITEREAD
WRITE
STOP
PROCESS_GETINFO_
PROCESS_DEBUG_
NUMOUT
NUMIN
INITIALIZER
FILE_OPEN_
FILE_GETINFO_
FILE_CLOSE_
talex>

TNSVU Example — ICODETNSVU Example — ICODE
icode DISPLAY_INITIAL_REQ_MESSAGE
FC>
Procedure DISPLAY_INITIAL_REQ_MESSAGE (from source file RUBY.
$FC1.TGTNSE.MAINP)
Itanium virtual address 0x70420480 for 0x3a Itanium bundles
CSEG 0 TNS offset 05 for 071 TNS instructions
...
37.0 write_count := @p '-' @s;
016: 0x70420570:
LADR G+0106,I {
LADR G+0105,I + ld2 r46 = [r35]
LSUB ld2 r45 = [r34]
STOR G+0102 nop.i 00h ;;
}
{
sub r45 = r45, r46
adds r46 = 01ah, r0
nop.i 00h ;;
}
{
nop.m 00h
zxt2 r45 = r45 ;;
nop.i 00h
}

Mod03 linking and accelerating

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Mod03 linking and accelerating

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