mod1.pdf
- 1. Module 1 Introduction to construction project management and construction organization
- 2. Introduction oConstruction Project Management is an overall management and coordination of projects from beginning to end. CPM is usually applies to the construction industry. It includes full planning, coordination and control of a project and aimed to complete client’s requirement in order to produce quality results. “Construction project management is the act of planning, organizing and overseeing the various tasks involved in a construction project”. o It is performed by individuals known as project managers, who represent the builder or contractor hired to perform the work. project manager that holds the responsibility to complete the processes in each sector such as residential, commercial, heavy civil, industrial, and environmental.
- 3. Importance of CPM • It give guidelines regarding the execution of construction work to be carried out. • It helps in preparing construction schedule. Schedule is a systematic path of different activities carried out one after another. It helps in defining goals and planning procedure. • It helps In proper management of material, labour and equipment's. • It helps in arranging for finance and due to proper construction management there is financial and overall control on the work. • Due to proper CM, project can be completed in estimated completion cost and completion time.
- 4. • Construction management practices invariably lead to “maximum production at least cost”. A good construction management, results in completion of a construction project with in the stipulated budget. • It provides importance for optimum utilization of resources. In other words, it results in completion of a construction project with judicious use of available resources. • Provides necessary leadership, motivates employees to complete the difficult tasks well in time and extracts potential talents of its employees. • It is beneficial to society as the effective and efficient management of construction projects will avoid, escalation of costs, time overrun, wastage of resources, unlawful exploitation of labor and pollution of environment.
- 5. Necessity of CPM • To arrange the completion of the work in the minimum possible time. • To check the wastage of material and labour. • To affect the economy in the cost of construction by adopting new techniques of construction and supervision. • To improve the quality and speed of work by using modern equipment in construction. • Using modern techniques of management to have proper coordination between different agencies and categories of people engaged on the work
- 6. Objectives of CPM • Completing the work within estimated budget and specified time. • Evolving a reputation for high quality workmanship. • Providing safe and satisfactory working conditions for all the workers. • Taking sound decisions at the lowest practical management level through delegation of authority. • Motivating people to give their best within their capacities. • Creating an organization that works as a team
- 7. Objectives of CPM • The work should be executed most economically • The work should be executed as per specifications • The quality and workmanship of the work should be good • The work should be planned and organized properly • The work should be properly supervised by qualified and trained staff • The work should be completed within the specified estimated cost and time. • It should use available man power and other resources as sparingly as possible, without delay.
- 8. Types of construction project We can separate construction project types into three categories: 1. Private construction 2. State construction 3. Federal Construction.
- 9. 1. PRIVATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Private projects are projects of every type that are owned, controlled or commissioned by a private party. Private parties include individuals, homeowners, corporations, other business entities, non-profit associations, privately funded schools, hospitals, publicly traded companies, etc. Anything, in other words, that is non-government. It is subcategorized as: Residential Construction: • Whenever construction work is being performed to a single-family residence or a residential facility with (usually) less than 3 or 4 units. • If you are working on an apartment complex this would more likely be considered a commercial project instead of a residential project.
- 10. Commercial Construction: • Commercial construction is the construction of any buildings or similar structures for commercial purposes. • Commercial construction includes a huge variety of projects including building restaurants, grocery stores, skyscrapers, shopping centers, sports facilities, hospitals, private schools and universities, etc. Industrial Construction: This is a relatively small segment of the construction industry. These projects include power plants, manufacturing plants, solar wind farms, refineries, etc.
- 11. 2) STATE CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: The term “state construction” means, any government funded construction. Eg: Government building (like a court room), bridge, sewer line, highways, etc. 3. FEDERAL CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS: Eg: Residential Housing Construction( high rise apartment), railways, roads etc,.
- 12. Life cycle stages of a project ( Construction project)
- 13. Initiation Phase of Construction Project: • In this phase we have to create and evaluate the project in order to determine if it is feasible and if it should be undertaken, at the beginning of the project. • Here the project objective or need is identified as a this can be a business problem or opportunity. • A feasibility study is conducted to examine whether each option clearly identifies the project objective and a final recommended solution is determined. • Many questions related to the issues of feasibility i.e. “can we do the project?” and justification like “should we do the project?” are mentioned and faced. • When a solution is approved, a project is initiated to implement the approved solution. • For this, a project manager is appointed. At this stage, the major deliverables and the participating work groups are identified. This is the time when the project team begins to take shape. Approval is then required by the project manager to move onto the detailed planning phase.
- 14. Planning Phase of Construction Project: • The planning phase involves further development of the project in detail to meet the project’s objective. • The project’s tasks and resource requirements are identified, along with the strategy for producing them. In a broader sense identification of each activity as well as their resource allocation is also carried out. • A project plan outlining the activities, tasks, dependencies, and timeframes is created. • The project manager is the one who coordinates the preparation of a project budget by providing cost estimates for the labor, equipment, and materials costs. • At this point, the project would have been planned in detail and is ready to be executed.
- 15. Execution Phase: • This is the implementation phase, where the project plan is put into motion and the work of the project is performed practically on site. • It is essential to maintain, control and communicate as needed during each implementation stages. • Progress should be continuously monitored and appropriate adjustments are made and recorded as variances from the original plan. • A project manager is the one who spends most of the time in this step. Throughout the project implementation, people carry out the tasks, and progress information is being reported through regular project team meetings. • The project manager uses this information to preserve control over the direction of the project by comparing the progress reports with the project plan to measure the performance of the project activities. • If any deviation is found from the already defined plan corrective measures are made. • The first option of action should always be to bring the project back to the original plan. If that cannot happen, the team should record variations from the original plan and record and publish modifications to the plan. all through this step, project sponsors, and other key stakeholders are kept informed about the project’s status as per the agreed rate and format of communication. • Status reports should always highlight the probable end point in terms of cost, schedule, and quality of deliverables.
- 16. Performance and Monitoring Phase of Construction Project: • This stage is all related to the measurement of progress and performance to make sure that items are tracking with the project management scheduling. • This phase regularly happens at the same time as the execution phase.
- 17. Closure Phase of Construction Project: • During the final closure, the importance is on providing the final deliverables to the customer, that is Handing over project documentation to the business • Termination of supplier contracts • Releasing project resources • Communicate the closure of the project to all stakeholders. • Last and final is to conduct lessons-learned studies to examine what went well and what didn’t.