Modal ax converted (1)
- 1. MODAL AUXILIARY VERBS SEMI MODALS RS Nagar Associate Professor Arts and Commerce College ,Kheda
- 2. MODALS AUXILIARY VERBS 1. May-Might 2. Can-Could 3. Will-Would 4. Shall- Should 5. Must
- 3. SEMI-MODALS AUXILIARY VERBS 1. Need 2. Dare to 3. Used to 4. Ought to
- 4. (can, could, shall, should, will, would, may, might, must)
- 5. MAY 1. Permission ➢ May I go home sir? ➢ Yes you may go. ➢ May I come in sir? ➢ Yes, you may. for not granting permission ‘can not’ is used.
- 6. MAY 2. Possibility / Probability It may be very cold tonight. He may be here today. They may be working in the office.
- 7. MAY 3. Purpose ➢ We work hard so we may build our career. ➢ He takes medicines so that he may live.
- 8. MAY 4. Prayer, Blessing, Curse, Request ➢ May God bless you. ➢ May you long live. ➢ May I help you.
- 9. MIGHT ‘Might’ past for of the ‘May’ 1. Probability ( Stronger than ‘May’ ) ➢ He might be writing poems. ➢ They might have won the election. ➢ She might have agreed on the bill.
- 10. MIGHT 2. Purpose ➢ She studied hard so she might become doctor. ➢Indian team practiced a lot so they might win the match.
- 11. CAN 1. Ability ➢ He can run/ talk/ walk very fast. ➢ She can drive the car. ➢ Shweta can speak English. ➢ They can play chess.
- 12. CAN 1. Prohibition ➢ Passengers can not smoke in the bus. ➢ You can not talk in the examination hall. ➢ You can not drive bike without helmet.
- 13. CAN 3. Permission ( informal ) ➢ Can I use your pen? ➢Can she enter the theater? ➢Can she talk with the officer? ( in formal language ‘May’ is used )
- 14. COULD Past form of CAN Indicates ABILITY existed in PAST
- 15. COULD In my childhood, I could run a mile , in five minutes. Last year I could read without specks. Why couldn’t you attend the meeting? Despite all his efforts he could not win the match.
- 16. COULD Used in Indirect Speech ➢ He said that he could do painting. ➢ Sita said that she could not reach at hospital in time. ➢ Rehman said that he could not climb the tree at that time. ➢ Seema said that she could complete the homework in two hours.
- 18. COULD They could do it, if they tried hard. If she had money, she could start her business. Rupal wondered whether it could be possible. If the doctor had arrived, we could save his life.
- 19. COULD Polite Question Could you pass me the glass? Could I have cup of tea? Could you, please guide me about the examination? Could you please inform me about the city?
- 21. MUST Dipali must apologise for her behaviour. A good citizen must obey the law. Rich must help the poor. We must know about our rights. They must follow the
- 22. MUST Necessity ➢You must study regularly. ➢Students must learn English to get success. ➢We must not elect corrupt leaders. ➢She must do exercise daily to reduce weight.
- 23. MUST Probability or Likelihood ➢He must be mad for movies. ➢Oh, the bell has rung, it must be uncle Avinash. ➢You must meet your doctor for the treatment. ➢It is a good car, must be of Tata Motors’ new modal.
- 24. MUST Strong determination I must complete my Ph.D. this year. You must insist to help poor students. She must get her full salary as her right. Mahesh must concentrate only on his study.
- 25. OUGHT Duty ➢You ought to obey your parents. ➢We ought to help the patient . ➢Shalini ought to speak truth. ➢The teacher ought to guide the students properly.
- 26. OUGHT Moral Obligation ➢We ought to help needy people. ➢The leaders ought to live simple life. ➢The doctors ought to serve the villagers without fee. ➢Mighty people ought to protect the weak ones.
- 27. OUGHT Unfulfilled Duty or Neglected Sensible Action ➢You ought to have told me about your poor result. ➢You ought to have booked the tickets in advance. ➢You ought to wait till the green signals are on to cross the road.
- 28. OUGHT Strong Probability. Sonia ought to win the match. Mr. Bachchan promised , he ought to visit Gujarat again. This movie ought to be successful. He is brilliant student, he ought to get first class.
- 29. NEED As principal verb Need is used in the Sense of Requirement ➢The students need help. ➢We need more workers for our factory. ➢They really need money. ➢People need new jobs to improve their financial condition.
- 30. NEED “Need not” speaker gives authority for non-performance of some action ➢ They need not ask my permission. ➢ You need not go to office. ➢ You need not tell about the reality to any one. ➢ The meeting will begin at 8 p.m. but you need not go there till 8.30 p.m.
- 31. NEED “Need not have” is used to indicate unnecessary action which was nevertheless performed. ➢ I need not have written to him because he promised me shortly afterwards. ➢ They need not have come here because the function is postponed. ➢ You need not have wear warm clothes because the temperature is hot now.
- 32. NEED “ Need not have” action performed though not required ( waste of time) You need not have watered the plants for it is going to rain. You need not have gone to station , for the guests are coming by the bus. You need not have written such a long letter. You need not have collected parcel yourself, for they might have send it.
- 33. DARE ( AS PRINCIPAL VERB ) Defy, challenge or to face boldly ➢He does not dare to swim the canal. ➢She dared to call him cheater. ➢He does not dare to oppose the wrongs. ➢Nobody dares to go there.
- 34. DARE ( AS AUXILIARY ) Either negative or Interrogative He dare not take such risk. Teachers dare not oppose the wrong policy. Dare you say the truth to the boss? How dare you speak like this. I am surprised that he dares to speaks to the principal in such a bad tone.
- 35. SHALL Strong possibility / near certainty ➢ I shall leave for Mumbai tomorrow. ➢ We shall invite them for the function. ➢ I shall be twenty next Monday. ➢ I shall attend the programme. ➢ We shall discuss the matter / issue with the Principal. ➢ When shall we meet again.
- 36. SHALL Command ( II & III person) ➢They shall no shout. ➢You shall go at once. ➢He shall not come to my office once again. ➢You shall have to complete this work.
- 37. SHALL Promise ( II & III Person ) ➢ You shall get the prize if you secure distinction marks. ➢ You shall get a holiday tomorrow. ➢ He shall be promoted to higher post / rank. ➢ They shall be properly rewarded for their wonderful performance.
- 38. SHALL Threat( II & III Person ) ➢You shall regret for your act. ➢They shall pay for this in near future. ➢He shall be dismissed for the negligence of his duty. ➢They shall be punished for their misbehaviour.
- 39. SHALL Determination ( II & III Person ) ➢ You shall apologize for your words. ➢ You shall obey me as long as you are here. ➢ He shall do it according to my instructions. ➢ They shall do everything according to rules and regulations.
- 40. WILL Determination ( I Person ) ➢ I will not go. ➢ We will not surrender. ➢ I will succeed in this work at any cost. ➢ I will do it whatever happens. ➢ I will not let him go. ➢ We will not allow them.
- 41. WILL Promise ( I Person ) ➢I will try to do better now onwards. ➢I will do whatever I can to help you. ➢We will think over it and then work out the plan. ➢We will try to give you this book next week.
- 42. WILL Threat ( I Person ) ➢I will avenge him. ➢We will teach him a lesson. ➢We will dismiss from the company. ➢We will punish the culprit responsible for the work.
- 43. WILL Strong possibility / certainty ➢ You will see that Rakesh is right. ➢ The train will leave at 8 p.m. ➢ Dr. Sharma will be back next month. ➢ The hard time will pass, don’t worry. ➢ They will leave for his native place tomorrow. ➢ Soumya will invite her friend for the dinner . ➢ Will they come next month.
- 44. SHALL Interrogative Sentence (I Person) ➢Shall I buy the flat? ➢Shall we go there? ➢Shall we visit Jammu this summer? ➢Shall I interfere in there personal matter?
- 45. WILL Interrogative Sentence (II & III Persons) ➢Will you come with me to Mount Abu? ➢Will attend the meeting? ➢Will they reach in time? ➢Will you buy some fruits for me?
- 46. SHOULD Past of Shall ( Indirect) ➢ I expected that I should get a gold medal. ➢ The inspector said that the criminal should be punished. ➢ The Head Master said that the boys should play at at 5 p.m. ➢ The Manager said that the clerk should be given notice for his behaviour.
- 47. SHOULD Duty & Obligation ➢ We should obey the law. ➢ I should not be unfair to him. ➢ One should keep one’s promise. ➢ We should all do something for the poor people. ➢ The students should obey their teacher. ➢ You should tell the truth.
- 48. SHOULD Possibilities & Supposition ➢If it should rain, they will not come. ➢If Seema should see me here, he will be angry. ➢If he should come, tell him to wait. ➢If it should rain, there will not be the match today.
- 49. SHOULD Less possibility than shall / Colour of doubts to statement ➢I should be very happy to meet Mohini Gupte. ➢You should get the prize for this ➢We should get job on merit.
- 50. SHOULD Preceded or followed by unreal conditions ➢If I were you, I should accept the job. ➢If I were a minister, I should not be happy than I am. ➢If I were there I should not do it.
- 51. SHOULD Used after ‘lest’ ➢Wait and watch lest you should fall into temptation. ➢The police surrounded the area lest the criminal should escape.
- 52. SHOULD Should like to- a polite of making statement ➢I should like to congratulate Mr. Vinay on his winning the award. ➢I should like to mention that we have three days to complete the target.
- 53. SHOULD Possibility or likelihood ➢I should be able to defeat him. ➢We should see the chairman if the work is not done in time. ➢I hope, Geeta should come today.
- 54. WOULD Past form of ‘will’, used in ‘indirect’ ➢The teacher said that the school would be closed on Monday. ➢Shruti said that he not stay there for many days.
- 55. WOULD Willingness or determination ➢The doctor said that he would visit the patient. ➢Apurva said he would help us. ➢Meeta would have her own way. ➢Rohit would bet on horse though I asked him not to do so.
- 56. WOULD Customary action in past ➢ After the dinner the guests would sit for a while in the drawing room and talk for a while. ➢ The old man would recline in the corner and sleep most of the time. ➢ The police would come in the area at night and move from place to place.
- 57. WOULD Would rather, choice or preference ➢She would rather die than marry Mohit. ➢I would rather read a novel than see a movie.
- 58. WOULD Polite question ➢Would you like a cup of tea? ( instead of “Will you have a cup of tea?) ➢Would you please give me your resume. ➢Would you mind lending me your book for a day? ➢Would you please get Mr. Swami?
- 59. WOULD Preceded or followed by a subordinate clause to an impossible or improbable ➢ If I were the CEO, I would appoint you as the secretary. ➢ If I could fly like a bird I would be with you now. ➢ If I were the Principal, I would introduce a new syllabus. ➢ If I were in your place, I would not have ordered it.
- 60. SEMI- MODALS Had better Have got to Used to Be going to
- 61. HAD BETTER Emphasizes on a desirable alternative action ➢ You had better concentrate on your work. ➢ She had better clean the house immediately. ➢ They had better return those rare books to the library.
- 62. HAVE GOT TO Implies compulsion ,less forceful than must ➢I have got to help those poor fellows. ➢She has got to prepare for the examination. ➢Krupa has got to perform the play this week.
- 63. BE GOING TO Expresses planned future action ➢I am going to go to Europe next year. ➢They are going to make it a huge success. ➢They are going to establish a company of medicines.
- 64. USED TO To show past or present habit ➢She is used to well decorated office. ➢She used to dance very gracefully when she was young. ➢They are used to partial starvation.