Modals Part 2
- 2. Review: Polite Requests Using Modals Practice: I really need a piece of paper to do my assignment. MAY/MIGHT/COULD/CAN I (please) borrow a piece of paper? It's very cold in this room and I really want the window closed. WOULD/WILL/COULD/CAN you (please) close the window? You really want a seat on the TTC but a stranger has his bag on it. WOULD YOU MIND (please) MOVING your bag?
- 3. Expressing Necessity (things that must be done) MUST & HAVE TO have very similar meanings. Examples: Students attending Global Village MUST pay before taking their courses. Or: Students attending Global Village HAVE TO pay before taking their courses In both sentences the students have no other choice.
- 4. Using HAVE/HAS TO HAVE TO is almost always used for necessity in everyday English conversation. Examples: I HAVE TO find Jhonny. He has my homework and I need it for tomorrow! You HAVE TO do well in this class in order to move up to GV6. She can't go out with us tonight. She HAS TO do her homework. Note: in conversation HAVE TO = "HAFTA" & HAS TO = "HASTA"
- 5. Using HAVE/HAS GOT TO HAVE GOT TO is only used informally in spoken English Examples: I'VE GOT TO go home now. It's getting late and I'm tired. I'VE GOT TO find my book because I have to return it to the library. Note: I GOT TO = "I GOTTA" in spoken English
- 6. Using MUST, HAVE/HAS TO, HAVE GOT TO MUST, HAVE/HAS TO and HAVE GOT TO can be used to talk about the present and the future. Examples: I HAVE TO go now, bye! I HAVE TO go to school early tomorrow morning. I'VE GOT TO eat something. I'm so hungry! HAD TO is used only to talk about the past. I HAD TO study last night.
- 7. Lack of Necessity and Prohibition MUST NOT & DON'T HAVE TO Lack of Necessity (things you don't have to do) Example: Tomorrow is a holiday. We DON'T HAVE TO go to class tomorrow! I can hear you. You DON'T HAVE TO shout! Prohibition (things you never do) Example: You MUST NOT run in the hallways. You MUST NOT smoke indoors.
- 8. Advisability (Good Advice) Using SHOULD, OUGHT Use SHOULD, OUGHT TO or HAD BETTER when giving advice They have the same meaning Example: You SHOULD study harder. = You OUGHT TO study harder. You HAD BETTER study harder. Negative forms: You SHOULDN'T eat too much cake. You'd BETTER NOT eat too much cake.
- 9. The Past Form of SHOULD Form: SHOULD HAVE + Past Participle Use this form when discussing an action that would have been a good idea, but never happened Examples: I had a test and didn't do well on it. I SHOULD HAVE studied more. (The person DID NOT study) You were lost but you had my phone number. You SHOULD HAVE called me. (The person DID NOT call) She was crossing the street and got hit. She SHOULD HAVE looked both ways. (The person DID NOT look both ways)
- 10. Using SHOULD NOT HAVE When an action happened in the past that turned out to be a bad idea, this form should be used. Examples: The movie last night was terrible. We SHOULDN'T HAVE gone to the movie. (The DID go to the movie) I felt sick after eating all that candy. I SHOULD NOT HAVE eaten so much. (The person DID eat lots of candy)
Editor's Notes
- #9: Same form for a pronouns