Modelling pairwise key predistribution in the presence of unreliable links

PRESENTED BY :
GVS.SAIKIRAN(10401A0514)
G.SAIKUMAR(10401A0515)
D.VIVEK(10401A0509)
R.BHEEMRAO(10401A0531
T.BALAKRISHNA(10401A0537)

•Investigating the secure connectivity of wireless sensor networks
under the random pairwise key predistribution scheme.
• Here we assume a (simplified) communication model where
unreliable wireless links are represented as independent on/off
channels.
•We present conditions on how to scale the model parameters so
that the network
1) has no secure node that is isolated and
2) is securely connected, both with high probability, when the
number of sensor nodes becomes large.

WIRLESS SENSOR NETWORK:
•(WSN) consists of spatially distributed autonomous sensors to
monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature,
sound, pressure, etc and to pass their data through the network to a
main location.
•The WSN is built of "nodes" – from a few to several hundreds or
even thousands, where each node is connected to one (or sometimes
several) sensors.
•Each such sensor network node has typically several parts:
1. a radio transceiver with an internal antenna or connection to an
external antenna.
2. a microcontroller.
3. an electronic circuit for interfacing with the sensors.
4. an energy source, usually a battery.

 Traditional key exchange and distribution protocols are based on
trusting third parties, and this makes them inadequate for large-scale
WSNs whose topologies are unknown prior to deployment. Random
key predistribution schemes were introduced to address some of these
difficulties.
• Many security schemes developed for general network environments
do not take into account the unique features of WSNs:
• Public key cryptography is not feasible computationally because of
the severe limitations imposed on the physical memory and power
consumption of the individual sensors.
• Traditional key exchange and distribution protocols are based on
trusting third parties, and this makes them inadequate for large-scale
WSNs whose topologies are Unknown prior to deployment.
•Random key predistribution schemes were introduced to address some
of these difficulties.

• Randomization in the key assignments alone affects the
establishment of a secure network in the best of circumstances.
•By disregarding the unreliability of the wireless links, the resulting
dimensioning guidelines are likely to be too optimistic.
•Nodes will have fewer neighbors since some of the communication
links may be impaired.
•As a result, the desired connectivity properties may not be achieved
if dimensioning is done according to results derived under full
visibility.
•Hacking is done easily.

 In this paper, in an attempt to go beyond full visibility, we revisit the
pairwise key predistribution scheme of Chan et al.
 Under more realistic assumptions that account for the possibility that
communication links between nodes may not be available.
 This could occur due to the presence of physical barriers between
nodes or because of harsh environmental conditions severely impairing
transmission.

•Even if some nodes are captured, the secrecy of the remaining
nodes is perfectly preserved.
•Unlike earlier schemes, this pairwise scheme enables both node-to-
node authentication and quorum-based revocation.
•Secure Key Generation
•Channels are Mutually independent.
•An overall system model is then constructed by intersecting the
random graph model of the pairwise key distribution scheme (under
full visibility).

System : Pentium IV 2.4 GHz.
Hard Disk : 20 GB.
Monitor : 15 VGA Colour.
Mouse : Logitech.
Ram : 512 Mb.

Operating system : Windows XP.
Coding Language : JAVA
Techniques : RMI, SWING

 Network Deployment Module
 Pair-wise Key Generation
 Key Distribution
 Key Authentication and Validation

 Our First module is Network Deployment Module, where the Wireless
Sensor Network (WSN) nodes are deployed. User can give the number
of required nodes. Based on it the Nodes are deployed. Each nodes
display with a Unique ID in it. The node also depicts their Energy
Levels.

 In this module, we implement a simple communication model where
channels are mutually independent, and are either on or off. An overall
system model is then constructed by intersecting the random graph
model of the pairwise key distribution scheme. Pair Wise key is
generated as such like between two nodes. For this new random graph
structure, we establish zero-one laws for two basic (and related) graph
properties, namely graph connectivity and the absence of isolated
nodes, when the model parameters are scaled with the number of
users.

In this module, we implement an attempt to go beyond
full visibility, we revisit the pair-wise key predistribution
scheme. The key generated in the previous module, is
distributed to the pair module.

In this module, keys are validated and then the data is transferred. If
the key is not received by the node, then the node cannot receive the
data. Only the nodes which receive the key can validate and receive
the data.

Key Distribution
Key Verification and
Authentication
PairWise Key Generation
Wireless Sensor Network
Node Deployment

•Many security schemes developed for general network environments do not take
into account the unique features of WSNs:
• Public key cryptography is not feasible computationally because of
the severe limitations imposed on the physical memory and power
consumption of the individual sensors.
• Traditional key exchange and distribution protocols are based on trusting third
parties, and this makes them inadequate for large-scale WSNs whose topologies
are Unknown prior to deployment.
•Random key predistribution schemes were introduced to address some of these
difficulties.

•Software Requirements Specification plays an important role in creating
quality software solutions. Specification is basically a representation process.
Requirements are represented in a manner that ultimately leads to
successful software implementation.
•Requirements may be specified in a variety of ways.
•However there are some guidelines worth following: -
1. Representation format and content should be relevant to the problem
Information contained within the specification should be nested
Diagrams and other notational forms should be restricted in number and
consistent in use.
2. Representations should be revisable.

The system after careful analysis has been identified to be presented with the
Requirement ID Specification
1 The system should provide a provision for user to start
RMI server.
2 The system should provide a provision for user to run
the server.
3 The system should provide a provision for user to create
6 WSN nodes to show three pairs.
4 The system should provide a provision for user to give
noode name and node size.
5 The system should provide a provision for user to
generate key for the respected nodes.
6 The system should provide a provision for user to
receive key for the respected nodes.

7 The system should provide a provision for user to select
particular node to generate key one by one.
8 The system should provide a provision for user to select
particular node to receive key one by one.
9 The system should provide a provision for user to server to find
the optimized path to send the file.
10 The system should provide a provision for user to browse file in
the respected selective files.
11 The system should provide a provision for user to receive the
data of the uploaded file.
12 The system should provide a provision for user to give access if
other node tries to receive data it should not be able to receive.
13 The system should provide a provision for user to share key
error message.

The DFD is also called as bubble chart. It is a simple graphical formalism
that can be used to represent a system in terms of input data to the system,
various processing carried out on this data, and the output data is
generated by this system.
The data flow diagram (DFD) is one of the most important modeling tools.
It is used to model the system components. These components are the
system process, the data used by the process, an external entity that
interacts with the system and the information flows in the system.
DFD shows how the information moves through the system and how it is
modified by a series of transformations. It is a graphical technique that
depicts information flow and the transformations that are applied as data
moves from input to output.

START
NODE DEPLOYEMENT
NODES CREATION
KEY DISTRIBUTION
KEY RECEIVING
SECURE
DATA TRANSM ISSION
STOP
PAIRW ISE KEY GENERATION

UML stands for Unified Modeling Language. UML is a standardized general-
purpose modeling language in the field of object-oriented software engineering.
The standard is managed, and was created by, the Object Management Group.
The goal is for UML to become a common language for creating models of object
oriented computer software. In its current form UML is comprised of two major
components: a Meta-model and a notation. In the future, some form of method
or process may also be added to; or associated with, UML.
The Unified Modeling Language is a standard language for specifying,
Visualization, Constructing and documenting the artifacts of software system,
as well as for business modeling and other non-software systems.
The UML represents a collection of best engineering practices that have proven
successful in the modeling of large and complex systems.
The UML is a very important part of developing objects oriented software and
the software development process. The UML uses mostly graphical notations to
express the design of software projects.

The Primary goals in the design of the UML are as follows:
1.Provide users a ready-to-use, expressive visual modeling Language
so that they can develop and exchange meaningful models.
2.Provide extendibility and specialization mechanisms to extend
the core concepts.
3.Be independent of particular programming languages and
development process.
4.Provide a formal basis for understanding the modeling language.
5.Encourage the growth of OO tools market.
6.Support higher level development concepts such as
collaborations, frameworks, patterns and components.
7.Integrate best practices.

A use case diagram in the Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a type of
behavioral diagram defined by and created from a Use-case analysis. Its
purpose is to present a graphical overview of the functionality provided
by a system in terms of actors, their goals (represented as use cases), and
any dependencies between those use cases. The main purpose of a use
case diagram is to show what system functions are performed for which
actor. Roles of the actors in the system can be depicted.

NO DE
NO DE
Node Deploym ent
RM I connection
K EY
transferring
File to transfer with
key generated
Receive a File
Key Verification
Key Distribution
Pairwise Key G eneration

In software engineering, a class diagram in the Unified
Modeling Language (UML) is a type of static structure
diagram that describes the structure of a system by
showing the system's classes, their attributes, operations
(or methods), and the relationships among the classes.
It explains which class contains information.

RO UTER
IPAD DRESS
FILEBYTES
KEY
ROUTER
ACK
RECIEVE()
SEND()
KEY VERIFICATIO N()
SEN DING NODE
FILE
KEY G ENERATION
IPAD DRESS
FILEBYTES
PO RTN UMBER
ACK
SO CK ETCON()
SEND()
KEY G ENERATION
RECEIVING NODE
FILE
KEY
RECSTATUS
FILEBYTES
ACK
SOCKETCON ()
RECEIVE()
KEY VERIFICATION()

A sequence diagram in Unified Modeling Language
(UML) is a kind of interaction diagram that shows
how processes operate with one another and in what
order. It is a construct of a Message Sequence Chart.
Sequence diagrams are sometimes called event
diagrams, event scenarios, and timing diagrams.

Activity diagrams are graphical representations of workflows
of stepwise activities and actions with support for choice,
iteration and concurrency. In the Unified Modeling
Language, activity diagrams can be used to describe the
business and operational step-by-step workflows of
components in a system. An activity diagram shows the
overall flow of control.

SERVERCLIENT
Connecting..
FILE RECEIVED
IP Address
File to Send
NO
Yes
Connecting..
socket
connection
TRANSACTIO N
FAILED
ROUTER
IP Address
check
NO
File Not
Received
Sta rt File
R ec eiving
Yes
Key Verification
Ye s
Connecting..
SENDING
File received
File Transfered
Key Generation
IP Address
FILE Recieving
YES
C lient socket
connec tion
File sending Failed
Key Verification
File Recieving Error
NO

import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
public class KeyGenerarion {
private static final String UNICODE_FORMAT = "UTF8";
public static final String DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME =
"DESede";

private KeySpec ks;
private SecretKeyFactory skf;
private Cipher cipher;
byte[] arrayBytes;
private String myEncryptionKey;
private String myEncryptionScheme;
SecretKey key;
public KeyGenerarion() throws Exception {
myEncryptionKey = "ThisIsSpartaThisIsSparta";
myEncryptionScheme = DESEDE_ENCRYPTION_SCHEME;
arrayBytes = myEncryptionKey.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);
ks = new DESedeKeySpec(arrayBytes);
skf = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme);
cipher = Cipher.getInstance(myEncryptionScheme);
key = skf.generateSecret(ks);
}

public String encrypt(String unencryptedString) {
String encryptedString = null;
try {
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] plainText =
unencryptedString.getBytes(UNICODE_FORMAT);
byte[] encryptedText =
cipher.doFinal(plainText);
encryptedString = new
String(Base64.encodeBase64(encryptedText));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
return encryptedString;
}
public String decrypt(String encryptedString) {
String decryptedText = null;

try {
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, key);
byte[] encryptedText =
Base64.decodeBase64(encryptedString);
byte[] plainText = cipher.doFinal(encryptedText);
decryptedText = new String(plainText);
} catch (Exception e) {
}
return decryptedText;
}
}

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.FileDialog;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.rmi.Naming;
import java.rmi.NotBoundException;
import java.rmi.RemoteException;
import java.util.Random;
import java.util.logging.Level;
import java.util.logging.Logger;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFileChooser;

import javax.swing.JLabel;
import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
import javax.swing.JScrollPane;
import javax.swing.JTextArea;
import javax.swing.JTextField;
//import Utils.KeyGenerarion;
public class Node extends javax.swing.JFrame {
static String NodeName;
static String NodeN;
static int noN;
static String hp;
public Node() {
initComponents();
this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.PINK);
this.setTitle("NODE:0");

NodeNMN.setText("NODE:0");
ndsz.setText(NodeNMN.getText());
blsz.setText("2");
recKey.setEnabled(false);
ReceivedKey.setEnabled(false);
}
public Node( String get, String a) {
initComponents();
this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.PINK);
//System.out.println("node name :"+NodeName);
NodeNMN.setText(get+a);
ndsz.setText(NodeNMN.getText());
blsz.setText("2");
NodeN = get;
noN = Integer.parseInt(a);
hp = get+a;

System.out.println("Node Current :"+hp);
this.setTitle(get+a);
if(get.equals(null)||get.equals("")){
}else{
Deploy.setEnabled(false);;
//KeyGen.setEnabled(false);
//KeyDs.setEnabled(false);
//Browse.setEnabled(false);
//Send.setEnabled(false);
}
}
private void initComponents() {
title = new javax.swing.JLabel();
energy = new javax.swing.JLabel();
nodeDeploy = new javax.swing.JLabel();
nodeSize = new javax.swing.JLabel();

blockSize = new javax.swing.JLabel();
selectFile = new javax.swing.JLabel();
ReceivedFile = new javax.swing.JLabel();
ReceivedKey = new javax.swing.JLabel();
genratedKey = new javax.swing.JLabel();
NodeNMN = new javax.swing.JLabel();
engy = new JTextField();
nddeply = new JTextField();
ndsz = new JTextField();
blsz = new JTextField();
resk = new JTextField();
keyval = new JTextField();
dirFile = new JTextField();
ndsz.setEditable(false);
blsz.setEditable(false);

genKey = new JTextField();
recKey = new JTextField();
dirFile.setEditable(false);
resk.setEditable(false);
keyval.setEditable(false);
DataArea = new JTextArea();
DataArea.setRows(10);
DataArea.setColumns(25);
ReceiveArea = new JTextArea();
ReceiveArea.setRows(10);
ReceiveArea.setColumns(25);
ReceiveArea.setEditable(false);
scrlpne = new JScrollPane();
scrlpne.setViewportView(DataArea);
scrlpne1 = new JScrollPane();

scrlpne1.setViewportView(ReceiveArea);
nddeply.addKeyListener(new
java.awt.event.KeyAdapter() {
public void keyTyped(KeyEvent e) {
char c = e.getKeyChar();
if (((c >= 0) && (c <= 9))
||Character.isDigit(e.getKeyChar())) {
//if(nddeply.getText()>=)
}else{
getToolkit().beep();
e.consume();
}
}
});
ndsz.addKeyListener(new java.awt.event.KeyAdapter() {

if (((c >= 0) && (c <=
9))||Character.isDigit(e.getKeyChar())) {
}else{
e.consume();
}
}
});
blsz.addKeyListener(new java.awt.event.KeyAdapter() {
if (((c >= 0) && (c <=
9))||Character.isDigit(e.getKeyChar())) {
}else{
e.consume();
}
}
});

Deploy = new JButton("Deploy Nodes");
ReceiveKey = new JButton("Receive Key");
KeyGen = new JButton("Key Generate");
KeyDs= new JButton("Key Destribute");
Browse = new JButton("Browse");
Send = new JButton("Send");
Save = new JButton("Save");
Receive = new JButton("Receive");
GeneralKey= new JButton("General Key");
setMinimumSize(new java.awt.Dimension(900, 700));
getContentPane().setLayout(null);

title.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 45)); // NOI18N
title.setText("Modeling the Pairwise Key
Predistribution Scheme ");
getContentPane().add(title);
energy.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT Poster
Compressed", 0, 25)); // NOI18N
energy.setText("Energy");
getContentPane().add(energy);
nodeDeploy.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT
Poster Compressed", 0,25));
nodeDeploy.setText("Node Deploy ");
getContentPane().add(nodeDeploy);
nodeSize.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT
Poster Compressed", 0, 25)); // NOI18N
nodeSize.setText("Node Name ");
getContentPane().add(nodeSize);

blockSize.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT Poster Compressed",
0,25)); // NOI18N
blockSize.setText("Node Size");
getContentPane().add(blockSize);
selectFile.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT Poster
Compressed", 0,25)); // NOI18N
selectFile.setText("select File");
getContentPane().add(selectFile);
ReceivedFile.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT
Poster Compressed", 0,25)); // NOI18N
ReceivedFile.setText("Received File");
getContentPane().add(ReceivedFile);
genratedKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT
genratedKey.setText("Genrated Key");
getContentPane().add(genratedKey);

NodeNMN.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT Poster Compressed",
0,25)); // NOI18N
//NodeNMN.setText("fsd ");
getContentPane().add(NodeNMN);
ReceivedKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Bodoni MT
ReceivedKey.setText("Received Key");
getContentPane().add(ReceivedKey);
engy.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(engy);
engy.setEditable(false);
engy.setText("" + getEnergy());
nddeply.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(nddeply);

ndsz.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); // NOI18N
getContentPane().add(ndsz);
blsz.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(blsz);
resk.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(resk);
keyval.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(keyval);
dirFile.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(dirFile);
genKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 22)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(genKey);

recKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 22)); // NOI18N
getContentPane().add(recKey);
scrlpne.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25));
// NOI18N
getContentPane().add(scrlpne);
scrlpne1.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 25));
// NOI18N
getContentPane().add(scrlpne1);
Deploy.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15));
// NOI18N
getContentPane().add(Deploy);
KeyGen.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15));
// NOI18N
getContentPane().add(KeyGen);

KeyDs.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15)); // NOI18N
getContentPane().add(KeyDs);
ReceiveKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15));
// NOI18N
getContentPane().add(ReceiveKey);
Browse.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(Browse);
Save.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(Save);
Send.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15)); //
NOI18N
getContentPane().add(Send);
Receive.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Agency FB", 0, 15)); //
NOI18N

getContentPane().add(Receive);
GeneralKey.setFont(new java.awt.Font("Tekton Pro
Ext", 0, 15)); // NOI18N
getContentPane().add(GeneralKey);
title.setBounds(70, 40, 760, 60);
energy.setBounds(750, 0, 60, 60);
nodeDeploy.setBounds(70, 135, 160, 60);
nodeSize.setBounds(70, 180, 160, 60);
blockSize.setBounds(70, 225, 160, 60);
keyval.setBounds(470, 218, 160, 30);
selectFile.setBounds(30, 362, 160, 30);
ReceivedFile.setBounds(635, 383, 230, 28);
genratedKey.setBounds(540, 105, 160, 60);
ReceivedKey.setBounds(540, 135, 160, 60);
genKey.setBounds(640, 125, 160, 25);
recKey.setBounds(640, 155, 160, 25);

NodeNMN.setBounds(5,5,100,20);
engy.setBounds(800, 15, 60, 30);
nddeply.setBounds(170, 150, 160, 30);
ndsz.setBounds(170, 195, 160, 30);
blsz.setBounds(170, 240, 160, 30);
resk.setBounds(150, 302, 160, 30);
dirFile.setBounds(110, 362, 260, 30);
scrlpne.setBounds(90, 412, 380, 200);
scrlpne1.setBounds(510, 412, 380, 200);
Deploy.setBounds(350, 152, 100, 25);
KeyGen.setBounds(350, 220, 100, 25);
KeyDs.setBounds(650, 220, 100, 25);
ReceiveKey.setBounds(30, 302, 100, 28);
Browse.setBounds(385, 363, 100, 28);
Save.setBounds(650, 632, 80, 25);
Send.setBounds(220, 632, 80, 25);
Receive.setBounds(635, 323, 100, 25);

GeneralKey.setBounds(420, 280, 150, 28);
Deploy.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
KeyGen.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
ReceiveKey.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
KeyDs.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
Browse.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
Send.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
Save.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
Receive.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
GeneralKey.addActionListener(new ButtonAction());
pack();
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
java.awt.EventQueue.invokeLater(new Runnable())
{

public void run() {
new Node().setVisible(true);
try {
System.out.println("node
name :"+NodeName);
srvimp rob = new srvimp();
Naming.rebind("1099", rob);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated
catch block
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
catch block
}
}
});
}

private JTextField keyval;
private JTextField dirFile;
private JTextField genKey;
private JTextField recKey;
private JTextArea DataArea;
private JTextArea ReceiveArea;
private JScrollPane scrlpne;
private JScrollPane scrlpne1;
private JButton Deploy;
private JButton ReceiveKey;
private JButton KeyGen;
private JButton KeyDs;
private JButton Browse;
private JButton Send;
private JButton Save;

private JButton Receive;
private JButton GeneralKey;
//Map map = new HashMap();
public int getEnergy() {
int energy = 0;
Random random = new Random();
energy = random.nextInt((99 - 30) + 30);
return energy;
}
public int getKey() {
int energy = 0;
Random random = new Random();
energy = random.nextInt((99 - 30) + 30);
return energy;
}

public class ButtonAction implements ActionListener {
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
if (e.getSource() == Deploy) {
int getNode = 0;
try{
getNode = Integer.parseInt(nddeply.getText());
for(int i = 1;i<=getNode;i++)
{
NodeName = "NODE:"+i;
new Node("NODE:",""+i).setVisible(true);
}
ReceiveKey.setEnabled(false);
Deploy.setEnabled(false);
Save.setEnabled(false);
Receive.setEnabled(false);

scrlpne1.setVisible(false);
}
catch(NumberFormatException es)
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Check Input");
}
}
if (e.getSource() == KeyGen)
{
if(ndsz.getText().trim().equals(null)||(ndsz.getText().trim().equals("")))
{
}
else if (blsz.getText().trim().equals(null)|| (blsz.getText().trim().equals("")))
{
}
else
{
String genK = ndsz.getText() + blsz.getText();

try {
keyval.setText(new KeyGenerarion().encrypt(genK));
//genKey.setText(new KeyGenerarion().encrypt(genK));
KeyGen.setEnabled(false);
} catch (Exception e1) {
e1.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
if (e.getSource() == KeyDs) {
//String hh =
JOptionPane.showInputDialog(null,"Enter Receiver Name");
//
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Data Sending");

if(keyval.getText().equals(null)||(keyval.getText().equals(""))){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Input Key Error..");
}else{
String url = "rmi://127.0.0.1/1099";
try {
srvint in = (srvint)
Naming.lookup(url);
System.out.println("set");
in.setData(keyval.getText());//(getFile);
System.out.println("setting
name "+NodeNMN.getText());
in.setnodeName(NodeNMN.getText());
KeyDs.setEnabled(false);
genKey.setText(keyval.getText());
//in.setReceiver(hh);
//
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Data Sending Completed");

catch (MalformedURLException e1) {
catch block
} catch (RemoteException e1) {
catch block
} catch (NotBoundException e1) {
catch block
}
}
}
if (e.getSource() == ReceiveKey) {String url = "rmi://127.0.0.1/1099";
System.out.println("ok");
System.out.println("getCurr Node
:"+NodeNMN.getText());

String hh = NodeNMN.getText().substring(NodeNMN.getText().length() - 1);//
get Last Char
System.out.println("hh "+hh);
String str =
NodeNMN.getText().substring(0, NodeNMN.getText().length()-1);//remover
Last Char
System.out.println("str "+str);
String newNodes = str+"1";
try {
Naming.lookup(url);
System.out.println("receive");
System.out.println("new Ves
"+in.getnodeName());
String hh1 =
in.getnodeName().substring(in.getnodeName().length() - 1);// get Last Char
int u = Integer.parseInt(hh1);

int newU = u+1;
String str1 =
in.getnodeName().substring(0, in.getnodeName().length()-1);//remover Last Char
String setNodeInc = str1+newU;
System.out.println("news is
"+setNodeInc);
if(in.getData().equals(null)||
in.getData().equals("")){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Key Error");
}
else
if(NodeNMN.getText().equals(setNodeInc)){
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Key Access Success");
resk.setText(in.getData());

recKey.setText(in.getData());
}
else{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "Key Access Error");
}
//JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Data Sending Completed");
} catch (MalformedURLException e1) {

}
}
if (e.getSource() == Browse) {
JFileChooser jfc = new JFileChooser();
jfc.showOpenDialog(jfc);
//getFile = jfc.getSelectedFile().toString();
dirFile.setText(jfc.getSelectedFile().toString());
String data = null;
BufferedReader br = null;
try {
br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(jfc.getSelectedFile()));
}
catch (FileNotFoundException e1)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
}

try {
while ((data = br.readLine()) != null)
{
DataArea.append(data+"n");
//sb.append(data + "n");
}
// n();
// System.out.println(sb.toString());
}
catch (IOException ex)
{
Logger.getLogger(Node.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE,null, ex);
}
}
if (e.getSource() == Send) {
if(DataArea.getText().equals(null)||DataArea.getText().equals(""))

{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"File Data Error .")
}
else
{
StringBuilder ddsb = new StringBuilder();
ddsb.append(DataArea.getText());
String url = "rmi://127.0.0.1/1099";
try {
srvint in = (srvint) Naming.lookup(url);
System.out.println("set all Data");
in.setFileData(ddsb);
in.setKey(genKey.getText());
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"File Data Sending Completed .");
// TODO Auto-generated catch
block

block
block
}
}
}
if (e.getSource() == Save) {
if(ReceiveArea.getText().equals(null)||ReceiveArea.getText().equals(""))
{
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Null Data Received
.");

}else{
SaveActionPerformed();
}
}
if (e.getSource() == Receive) {
String url = "rmi://127.0.0.1/1099";
try {
Naming.lookup(url);
System.out.println("get all Data");
if(recKey.getText().equals(in.getKey())){
ReceiveArea.append(in.getFileData().toString());
}else{

JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,"Share Key Error .");
}
catch block
catch block
catch block
}
}
if(e.getSource()==GeneralKey){

String hCode = NodeNMN.getText();
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null,""+hCode);
}
}
}
private void SaveActionPerformed()
{
// TODO add your handling code here:
String file, dir, path;
String val = ReceiveArea.getText();
byte[] b1 = val.getBytes();
FileDialog fd2 = new FileDialog(this, "SAVE", FileDialog.SAVE);
fd2.setVisible(true);
file = fd2.getFile();
dir = fd2.getDirectory();
path = dir + file;

try {
FileOutputStream fos = new
FileOutputStream(path);
for (int k = 0; k <= b1.length; k++) {
fos.write(b1[k]);
}
JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, "File
saved....");
} catch (Exception ee) {
}
}
}

The purpose of testing is to discover errors. Testing is the process of trying
to discover every conceivable fault or weakness in a work product. It
provides a way to check the functionality of components, sub assemblies,
assemblies and/or a finished product It is the process of exercising
software with the intent of ensuring that the
Software system meets its requirements and user expectations and does
not fail in an unacceptable manner. There are various types of test. Each
test type addresses a specific testing requirement.

Unit testing involves the design of test cases that validate that the internal
program logic is functioning properly, and that program inputs produce valid
outputs. All decision branches and internal code flow should be validated. It is
the testing of individual software units of the application .it is done after the
completion of an individual unit before integration. This is a structural testing,
that relies on knowledge of its construction and is invasive. Unit tests perform
basic tests at component level and test a specific business process, application,
and/or system configuration. Unit tests ensure that each unique path of a
business process performs accurately to the documented specifications and
contains clearly defined inputs and expected results.

Integration tests are designed to test integrated software components to
determine if they actually run as one program. Testing is event driven and is
more concerned with the basic outcome of screens or fields. Integration tests
demonstrate that although the components were individually satisfaction, as
shown by successfully unit testing, the combination of components is correct
and consistent. Integration testing is specifically aimed at exposing the
problems that arise from the combination of components.

Functional tests provide systematic demonstrations that functions tested are
available as specified by the business and technical requirements, system
documentation, and user manuals.
Functional testing is centered on the following items:
Valid Input : identified classes of valid input must be accepted.
Invalid Input : identified classes of invalid input must be rejected.
Functions : identified functions must be exercised.
Output : identified classes of application outputs must be
exercised.
Systems/Procedures: interfacing systems or procedures must be invoked.

System testing ensures that the entire integrated software system meets
requirements. It tests a configuration to ensure known and predictable results.
An example of system testing is the configuration oriented system integration
test. System testing is based on process descriptions and flows, emphasizing pre-
driven process links and integration points.

White Box Testing is a testing in which in which the software tester has
knowledge of the inner workings, structure and language of the software, or at
least its purpose. It is purpose. It is used to test areas that cannot be reached
from a black box level.

Black Box Testing is testing the software without any knowledge of the inner
workings, structure or language of the module being tested. Black box tests, as
most other kinds of tests, must be written from a definitive source document,
such as specification or requirements document, such as specification or
requirements document. It is a testing in which the software under test is
treated, as a black box .you cannot “see” into it. The test provides inputs and
responds to outputs without considering how the software works.

Test CasesTest
Case
ID
Test Case Procedure Expecting behavior Exhibiting
behavior
Result
1
Deploy new
Nodes
We have to enter some number in the Node Deploy
text field and click deploy button as server do
internally
If the field is entered with a char or
special word a beep sound should be
given bye system
Nodes are
deployed
Pass
2 Generate Keys Node-0 should generate a key We have to click Key Generate button
with which a key is generated randomly
A key generated Pass
3 Key
distribution
We have to distribute the key to next Node We have to click the Key distribution
button which internally distributes the
key from current node to next Node
Key is
distributed
Pass
4 Receiving and Key should be received from parent node We have to click the Receive Key Button
in the next Node
Key received Pass
5 Browse the
Data and send
A data which should be moved to client is browsed
and send it
We have to browse the data with browse
button or we can write it in the provided
text area and click send button
Data sent
Pass
6 Authenticatin
g
Current node should check the next node
with the generated and distributed key
Key of child node is checked and
verified whether it is isolated node
or not
Node is
checked
Pass
7 Receive Next Node should receive the data In the next generated node with the
provided receive button next node
should receive data
Data received
Pass

[1] I. F. Akyildiz, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, W. Su, and E. Cayirci, “Wireless sensor
networks: A survey,” Comput. Netw., vol. 38, pp. 393–422, 2002.
[2] N. P. Anthapadmanabhan and A. M. Makowski, “On the absence of isolated
nodes in wireless ad-hoc networks with unreliable links—A curious gap,” in
Proc. IEEE Infocom, San Diego, CA, Mar. 2010, pp. 1–9.
[3] S. R. Blackburn and S. Gerke, “Connectivity of the uniform random
intersection graph,” Discr. Math., vol. 309, pp. 5130–5140, 2009.
[4] M. Bloznelis, J. Jaworski, and K. Rybarczyk, “Component evolution in a
secure wireless sensor network,” Networks, vol. 53, pp. 19–26, 2009.
[5] B. Bollobás, Random Graphs, ser. Cambridge Studies in Advanced
Mathematics, 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001.

[6] S. A. Çamtepe and B. Yener, “Key distribution mechanisms for wireless sensor
networks: A survey.” Dept. Comput. Sci., Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY,
2005, Tech. Rep. TR-05-07.
[7] H. Chan, A. Perrig, and D. Song, “Random key predistribution schemes for
sensor networks,” in Proc. IEEE Symp. Res. Security Privacy, Oakland, CA, May 2003,
pp. 197–213.
[8] R. D. Pietro, L. V. Mancini, A. Mei, A. Panconesi, and J. Radhakrishnan,
“Redoubtable sensor networks,” ACM Trans. Inf. Syst. Security, vol. TISSEC 11, pp. 1–
22, 2008.
[9] W. Du, J. Deng, Y. S. Han, and P. K. Varshney, “A pairwise key pre-distribution
scheme for wireless sensor networks,” in Proc. 10th ACM Conf. Comput. Commun.
Security, Washington, DC, Oct. 2003, pp. 42–51.
[10] D. Dubhashi and A. Panconesi, Concentration ofMeasure for the Analysis of
Randomized Algorithms. New York: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2009.
[11] L. Eschenauer and V. D. Gligor, “A key-management scheme for distributed
sensor networks,” in Proc. ACM Conf. Comput. Commun. Security (CSS 2002),
Washington, DC, Nov. 2002, pp. 41–47.

In this paper, we developed a general framework for pairwise key
predistribution in sensor networks based on the basic polynomial-based key
predistribution. This framework allows study of multiple instantiations of
possible pairwise key establishment schemes. As two of the possible
instantiations, we developed the key predistribution scheme based on
random subset assignment, and the grid-based key predistribution scheme.
Our analysis of these schemes demonstrated that both schemes are superior
to the existing approaches. Several directions are worth pursuing in our future
research. We would like to further investing ate properties of such extensions
and compare them with the existing techniques. Second, we observe that
sensor nodes have low mobility in many applications. Thus, it may be
desirable to develop location based schemes so that the nodes that can
directly establish a pairwise key are arranged to be close to each other

Modelling pairwise key predistribution in the presence of unreliable links

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