Models of Embedded LibrarianshipPrepared and Presented byDavid Shumaker and Mary TalleyAnd FriendsWashington, DC June 16, 2009
Funded by a Research Grant from theSpecial Libraries Association2© Shumaker & Talley 2009
AcknowledgementsWe wish to thank:The SLA Research Committee and its chair, Dr. Eileen AbelsJohn Latham, SLA Information Center DirectorWe would not be able to make this presentation without the essential contributions of:Wendy Miervaldis, Part-time Lecturer in Mathematics, Catholic University of America (Statistical Consultant)Carla Miller and Acacia Reed, graduate students, Catholic University of America, Research Assistants3© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Agenda (1)IntroductionWhat is Embedded Librarianship?Why study it?Research reportResearch plan and methodologyResearch findingsRecommendations and ConclusionsSuccess factorsModels of Embedded Librarianship4© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Agenda (2)Panel discussionDushanka Keane, Dupont CorporationBob Oaks, Latham & Watkins LLPMichele Tennant, University of Florida5© Shumaker & Talley 2009
What Is Embedded Librarianship? What Are We Talking About?	It goes by many names: clinical librarian, specialist librarian, informationist, liaison, …6© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Sometimesthelibrarian moves out of the library into a customer space …Sometimesthecustomer grouppays the librarian’s salary …Always, a special relationship is created …	Themes in the literature include:Specialization; specialized knowledge, roles, and functionsCo-location with information users, away from a libraryFunding by a user groupShared responsibility for achieving user group’s goals7© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Our Vision of Embedded LibrarianshipCustomer Centric notLibrary Centric
Located in their Workplace notOur Workplace
Focused on Small Groups notEntire Populations
Composed of Specialists not Generalists
Dependent on Domain Knowledge not onlyLibrary Skills
Aiming for Analysis and Synthesis not simply Delivery
In Context not Out of Context
Built on Trusted Advice not Service Delivery8© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Why Study Embedded Librarianship?The traditional library service model is in decline: “Business leaders think Google is all they need.”		--SLA Alignment Project“46% of students believe they are “very skilled at using the Internet to effectively and efficiently search for information; 33% believe they are “expert” in this regard”		--ECAR Study of Undergrad Students and IT, 2008“The Internet and Google have changed the information landscape. Libraries now compete for a share of the information market.”--E. Stewart Saunders, Reference & User Services Quarterly...many libraries report a decline in demand for reference services9© Shumaker & Talley 2009
The embedded model offers a way forward to:Improve“the quality of information, the efficiency of dissemination, and level of analysis which IPs uniquely provide”Reinforce “emphasis on relevance, access and timeliness vs. the packaging and format of distribution”“[R]eframethe skill sets of IPs in terms of better end-products and bottom-line results”	--SLA Alignment Project10© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Why Study Embedded Librarianship?And one more thing:Broad, analytical research on successful implementations is lackingSomebody needed to do it!11© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Research GoalsDefinecriteria of “embeddedness” for library and information service programs Define indicators of success and identify successful (model) programs Collect data about the practices followed by model programs in initiating, operating, and evaluating their servicesDevelop recommendations for other librarians  12© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Research Plan: Overview and TimelineNotification of awardFinal reportPhase 3 interviews:Gain in-depth understanding from a small number of successful librarians, their managers and customersPhase 2 Survey:Follow-up with embedded librarians from Phase 1Phase 1 Survey:Identify embedded librariansJan. 08July 08Nov. 08Apr. 09June 09Literature content analysis continued throughout13© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Survey 1:  DesignSurvey 1 Overview19 QuestionsSurvey Sample3 Eligibility Questions10,000: SLA Members278 Embedded3000: Random Sample28% of SurveyResponses1001 Responses30% Response Rate14© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Survey 1 & 2 Populations15© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Overview of Findings  Embedded library service programs are alive and healthy in SLA’S organizations.16© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organization and Industry TypesOrganization TypeIndustry Type (5 Largest)17© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organization and Industry Types61% of Academic Respondents provide specialized services (61:39 ratio) 6 of the 17 Industry Types have a larger percentage of special service providers than non-special service providers 18© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Longevity75%of Respondents are in programs initiated 7 or more years ago19© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organization Size Large institutions are more likely to offer Specialized Services20© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Describing Embedded Librarians: KnowledgeEmbedded Librarians acquire domain knowledge through continuous learning, but not always through formal degrees in a related subject.21© Shumaker & Talley 2009
KnowledgeMostrespondents did not have a degree in progress and most rated the delivery of services as very successful.Survey 2, Q13, 14 22© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Building Relationships Embedded Librarians’ build strong relationships with their customer groups, generating services and feeding demand. 23© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Building Relationships The Big Seven Meet with senior group membersTrain group membersRegular customer meetings re info needsCollaborate with group on workAttend group’s work-related meetingsAttend domain-related class or conferenceCollaborate on e-workspace24© Shumaker & Talley 2009
ServicesEmbedded librarians combine their expertise in information services with their domain knowledge to provide sophisticated contributions to their customer groups’ work.  Customer Groups reward them with increased demand for services.25© Shumaker & Talley 2009
ServicesSurvey 2, Q18, 19, 2026© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organizational ModelsImplementation of embedded library services programs differs widely among organization types. 27© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organizational Models Building Relationships28© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organizational Models Building Relationships29© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Organizational Models Provision of Services30© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Overview of FindingsSuccess FactorsModels of Embedded Librarianship31© Shumaker & Talley 2009
How Do You Spell Success?Self-evaluation
Growth
Longevity32© Shumaker & Talley 2009
Self Evaluations116 responsesSurvey 2, Q 3733© Shumaker & Talley 2009

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Modelsof embeddedlibrarianship presentation_final_mt61509

Editor's Notes

  • #14: I would not bring in all the detail about response rate until later.Phase 1: mention pilot test of survey and adjustment
  • #15: 3000: size of random sample sufficient to represent the SLA populationResponse rate provides a confidence level of 95% +/-3.2%
  • #17: Use the data to present a profile of an embedded services program and an embedded librarianWe found that programs are on the whole: AdaptableWidespreadWell Established
  • #18: The embedded library model is widespread (perhaps a testament to its flexibility), represented in all 17 of the industry types in our survey. Chart on the right shows the top 5 industries in which embedded librarians are found. largest proportion are in Educational Institutions, followed by legal, financial, professional With the Exception of Education – at 28% - Numbers didn’t clump in any one industry,. Otherwise numbers are spread fairly evenly across the remaining 16 industry types. We found that there is no correlation between providing specialized services and industry type. In other words, you’re not more likely to find embedded librarians in one industry category than an another.[Embedded Librarians Survey 1 Analysis, 8/22/09, pg8]This indicates that an embedded library services model can be (and is) implemented in any industry category – not specific to one or another
  • #19: Flexible, widespread, and established are signs of a strong and vital programs.
  • #20: 75% are in programs that have been existence for 7 or more years. [Survey 2 Crosstabs, pg.2]The majority of embedded librarians are in long-lived, stable programs and most have been in their positions in a equal amount of time. Mildly surprised to discovery that Most of our embeddeds are in programs that have been in existence for 10 years or more44% in positions and programs 7+ yearsMildly surprising finding: most programs and positions have been around much longer than we had thought: 56% said specialized information services provided within organization 10+ years; [Survey Monkey, Survey 2, Q40, filtered results, completed]Growth – not set up to measure change over time. Did ask about change within last 2 years (Note surveys took place before and just as economy soured. Findings may not reflect thisCan’t tell from survey data whether Els in new positions and old programs are in positions, new to the program or are filling existing positionsOnly evidence for growth is: new to position/new programsModest growth: : Survey 2 CrossTabs, 5/20/09, pg.2Embedded Librarians staying in their positions: Most have been in position long timeNot a lot of new positions
  • #23: Embedded librarians are known for their depth of knowledgeable in their customer groups’ domains. Our survey bears that out. One question: How much knowledge is necessary to be successful in these positions and how do they acquire it? We suspected we would find a high occurrence of degrees in related areas and a significant relationship between subject degrees and success factors. We didn’t. We did find was that 80% are professionals with masters degrees in library and information science (not usually the other way around) who learned on the job (50% have 5+ years of related work experience). Take advantage of learning opportunities and 80% reported by taking classes, attending conferences in customers domain (80%).Seeing a strong relationship between longevity of programs (either within the org or to individual customer groups) and longevity of positions and educational and training support and of CE - the longer the specialized services have been provided , the more likely the respondent is to receive remuneration: release time, conferences in a related field, tuition. The longer the # of years in a position, the more likely an embedded is to receive a certification in a related field. [Embedded Librarians Survey 2 Analysis, pgs 6-9]; [Response to questions on Phase II draft: Measures of Success vsEduction, pg1] We don’t know why – there are so many correlations that something is going on. Hypothesis: self-reinforcing – prove the value of having knowledgable librarians Slightly less than half have (44%) have an undergraduate degree in a related field, and less than a quarter have a post-bachelor’s degree. We didn’t find any correlation between our specific success factors and education. [Embedded Librarians Survey 2 Analysis, pgs 6-9]; [Response to questions on Phase II draft: Measures of Success vsEduction, pg1]In fact, we did find a strong negative correlation between how successful the respondent rated the delivery of services and whether they had a degree in progress: most didn’t have a degree in progress and still rated the service as very successful[Embedded Librarians Survey 2 Analysis, pgs 6-7, r=0.24523, p=0.0084]
  • #24: 10 categories of interactions with customersRanged from – 4 categories re meeting with customer group members and leaders to inform themselves re customers work , share information, learn about information needs3 categories re service-related interactions : training, collaborating on work2 categories re social interactions, lunch or other social events 1 question re management interactionsWhat we learned: Embedded librarians interact with customers to understand information needs, contribute to work product, and to stay abreast of current work/projects, learn about their domain [Embedded Librarians Survey 1 Results, Draft, 8/22/08, pg 30 – 31]
  • #25: Interactions - # and level – top 5 categories with the highest frequency of responses [Embedded Librarians Survey 1 Results, Draft, 8/22/08, pg 30 – 31]Interactions that happen with some frequency - what’s noticeable: 4 out 5 are reciprocal interactions (EL is not delivering a service), typical of any group/team member, and are the kind of interactions that are as likely to be initiated by the embedded as by the customer. Number type and frequency indicate strong, collegial relationships with customer groups. nteractions and effects on other areas – found a number of correlations between these connections b0th Survey 1 and 2 and other areas: A number of success markers related to interactions (Dave will talk)
  • #26: Survey 2: respondents reported an increase in demand for services that has a significant correlation with type of work/services offered. The demand – service correlation is centered around value-added work, such as evaluating, synthesizng literature and data analysis.
  • #27: Mix of Sophisticated service Top 5: In-depth topical research, information resource development, current awareness – doing high-value and routine work; Service type related [not strongly] with increase in demand: Correlation (but not strong) between in increase in demand for service and In-depth Topical Research and information resource development[Correlations between S1Q2:Organization Type and S2, Q18 and 21, pg3, r=0.21160, p=0.0245). Not establishing cause and effect here, but noting that there is a relationship existent. Type of connection/interactions related to demandConnections and Services: Self generating work: demand increases, services increase Survey 2: Positive relationship between an increase in the # of libns serving a single customer group and increase in demand (decrease in both) but demand goes up faster than the numbers increase [Embedded Librarianship Research Project – Phase II, date, pg.2]
  • #29: While For-Profit organizations outweigh Academic orgs in all of these relationship building activities; Other org types also outweigh Academic in a number of these individual activities. Example: collaborate on or contribute to your customer group’s work, all 3 org types outweigh Academic in the likelhood that they will perform this activity)
  • #30: While For-Profit organizations outweigh Academic orgs in all of these relationship building activities; Other org types also outweigh Academic in a number of these individual activities. Example: collaborate on or contribute to your customer group’s work, all 3 org types outweigh Academic in the likelhood that they will perform this activity)