![MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction
Gambar 1. 11 Cooling Tower (sources: http://powerwash.ms/industrial-projects)
Pada satu industri bisa dimungkin akan memiliki 2 sampai 3 level instalasi
sistem refrigenerasi dan pengkondisian udara dengan beberapa kombinasi
kondisi operasi, antara beberapa contoh kombinasi antara lain :
1. Comfort air conditioning (20 – 250C)
2. Chilled water system (8 – 100C)
Plant air dingin yang terpusat dengan memanfaatkan air dingin
sebagai refrigeran sekundernya untuk kisaran suhu diatas 8-
100C.
3. Brine system (sub-zero applications)
Plant air garam (brine), yang menggunakan air garam untuk
suhu yang lebih rendah, refrigeran sekunder untuk penerapan
suhu sub-nol, yang kemudian menjadi kapasitas unit dan
kapasitas plant yang terpusat.
1.3. Rangkuman
TOR (Ton of Refrigeration).
BTU (British thermal unit).
AHU (Air Handling Unit)
FCU (Fan control unit)
1.4. Referensi
1. Yunus A Cengel, 1994, “Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach”
2. ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals [1972]
MODUL AJAR - HVAC 10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/modulajar1introductionhvac-130225040811-phpapp01/85/Modul-ajar-1-introduction-hvac-7-320.jpg)
Modul ajar 1 introduction hvac
- 1. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction 1.1. Sub Kompetensi Kemampuan yang akan dimiliki oleh mahasiswa setelah memahami isi modul ini adalah sebagai berikut : Mahasiswa mengetahui ruang lingkup bahasan materi Heating Ventilating Air Conditioning (HVAC) Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja dasar dari kulkas (refrigerator) dan air conditioning (AC). Mahasiswa memahami prinsif kerja Water Chiller dan Oil cooler 1.2. Uraian Materi Setalah mempelajari konsep dasar thermodinamika (engineering thermodynamic) maka mahasiswa pada mata kuliah ini diharapkan mampu mengaplikasikan pada konsep dasar itu pada teknologi aplikasinya industri meliputi : 1. Water chiller dan Oil Cooler 2. Sistem refrigerator 3. Sistem air conditioning (AC) dan HVAC Pengenalan Sistem Pendingin dan HVAC Beberapa aplikasi sistem pendingin untuk kebutuhan manusia dan dunia industri Gambar 1. 1 Contoh Penerapan Thermodinamika khusunya pada sistem pendingin HVAC Sumber : Yunus A Cengel, 1994, “Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach” MODUL AJAR - HVAC 4
- 2. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Water chiller and Oil Cooler Gambar 1. 2 AHU-(air handlind Unit) , FCU (fan control unit), Water Chiller (warna biru = fase liquid/cair dan warna merah dan ungu = fase vapor/uap) Gambar 1. 3 Sistem refrigerasi / refrigerator Komponen-komponen sistem refrigerasi : Refrigerant Receiver Thermostatic expansion valve (TXV) Evaporator Compressor MODUL AJAR - HVAC 5
- 3. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Condenser Gambar 1. 4 Oil cooler (radiator) (sources: http://www.prcracing.com/oil-coolers.html) Gambar 1. 5 sistem cool storage di sebuah kapal Prinsif Kerja Prinsif dasar dari mesin ini adalah proses pemindahan panas dari reservoir yang bertemperatur tinggi ke rendah membutuhkan kerja yang perlu dimasukan dalam sistem MODUL AJAR - HVAC 6
- 4. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Gambar 1. 6 Proses Pemindahan panas dari reservoir temperature rendah ke tinggi Proses Perpindahan Energi Panas Gambar 1. 7 Thermal energy moves from left to right through five loops of heat transfer Contoh aplikasi sistem pendingin pada unit yang besar : Gambar 1. 8 ice skating field dan Cooling Piping (sources: www.kolomna-speed-skating.com/) MODUL AJAR - HVAC 7
- 5. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Air Conditioning System Sistem pengkondisian Udara untuk mendapatkan udara dengan kondisi dan kualitas sesuai dengan kebutuhan teknis. Dimana kebutuhan meliputi kebutuhan untuk kenyamanan manusia dan juga tujuan kebutuhan industri seperti teknologi penyimpan (storage), farmasi, bahan kimia hingga industri persenjataan. Macam-macam AC sistem : Air Conditioning (for comfort / machine) Split air conditioners Fan coil units in a larger system Air handling units in a larger system Gambar 1. 9 AC window dan Split air conditioners Sistem Refrigerasi Sistem pendinginan pada industri yang digunakan untuk tujuan teknologi proses pengolahan (contohnya chilling plants) dan kebutuhan domestik (contohnya refrigerators), Sistem refrigerasi dapat dibedakan berdasarkan besar kemampuan kapasitasnya pendinginannya dengan satuan TOR (Ton of Refrigeration). TOR adalah satuan untuk kapasitas kemampuan proses pendinginan mengacu pada panas yang mampu dipindahkan dari material yang didinginkan yg besarnya setara dengan efek pendinginan yang diakibatkan oleh 1 ton es bersuhu 32 oF (00C) yang meleleh (berubaha fase solid menjadi liquid) selama 24 jam. 1 TOR akan memiliki nilai setara dengan 12.000 BTU/hour atau 3517 watts. MODUL AJAR - HVAC 8
- 6. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Kapasitas pendinginan sistem refrigerasi berdasarkan kemampuan kapasitas pendinginannya : 1. Unit Kapasitas kecil < 50 TOR Unit refrigerasi dengan kapasitas kecil untuk memenuhi kebutuhan domestic 2. Unit Kapasitas medium antara 50 < TOR < 250 Instalasi air pendingin dengan sistem terpusat (Centralized chilled water plants) menggunakan air pendingin sebagai refrigerant sekunder dengan temperatur dengan range diatas. 3. Unit Kapasitas besar > 250 TOR Instalasi pendingin terpusat dengan kapasitas pendinginan besar dengan menggunakan refrigerant pendingin sekunder larutan anti beku (brine plant) sehingga bisa mencapai temperature lebih rendah dari 0 0C. Industri yang besar akan memiliki beberapa unit pendingin antara lain yang berada diluar diluar gedung (off site) antara lain: 1. Chilled water pumps, 2. Condenser water pumps, 3. Cooling towers, Gambar 1. 10 Condenser water pumps (sources www.tempest-eng.com) MODUL AJAR - HVAC 9
- 7. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction Gambar 1. 11 Cooling Tower (sources: http://powerwash.ms/industrial-projects) Pada satu industri bisa dimungkin akan memiliki 2 sampai 3 level instalasi sistem refrigenerasi dan pengkondisian udara dengan beberapa kombinasi kondisi operasi, antara beberapa contoh kombinasi antara lain : 1. Comfort air conditioning (20 – 250C) 2. Chilled water system (8 – 100C) Plant air dingin yang terpusat dengan memanfaatkan air dingin sebagai refrigeran sekundernya untuk kisaran suhu diatas 8- 100C. 3. Brine system (sub-zero applications) Plant air garam (brine), yang menggunakan air garam untuk suhu yang lebih rendah, refrigeran sekunder untuk penerapan suhu sub-nol, yang kemudian menjadi kapasitas unit dan kapasitas plant yang terpusat. 1.3. Rangkuman TOR (Ton of Refrigeration). BTU (British thermal unit). AHU (Air Handling Unit) FCU (Fan control unit) 1.4. Referensi 1. Yunus A Cengel, 1994, “Thermodynamic, an Engineering Approach” 2. ASHRAE Handbook of Fundamentals [1972] MODUL AJAR - HVAC 10
- 8. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction 3. Harrington RL., ‘Marine Engineering Hand Book’, SNAME, Jersey City, 1992 4. Stoecker WF., Jerrold W., Supratman H.,’ Teknik Pendingin dan Pengkondisian Udara’, Edisi 2, Erlangga, Jakarta 5. William G., Neil RP. ‘Trane Air Conditioning Manual’ 6. Wiranto AM., Heizo S.,’Penyegaran Udara’, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta 1995 1.5. Latihan Soal Tugas Terstruktur 01 1. Dengan melihat diagram pada Water Chiller dan Refrigerator diatas, Coba jelaskan fungsi-fungsi dari peralatan dibawah ini : a) compressor b) condenser c) receiver d) solenoid valve e) therma expansion valve f) thermal bulb g) chiller condenser h) chill water pump i) cooling coil j) thermostat k) tempeature switch l) expansion tank 2. Berdasarkan gambar refrigerator jelaskan apa yang dimaksud dengan : a. Suction line b. discharge line c. low side d. high side 3. Sebuah Pelabuhan membutuhkan 2 unit AHU dimana unit 1 membutuhkan daya pendinginan 12 BTU/min dan unit 2 membutuhkan daya pendinginan 8,2 kW. Berapa daya TOR mesin pendingin total yang harus di-install ? MODUL AJAR - HVAC 11
- 9. MODUL 1. HVAC Introduction 1.6. Lembar Kerja ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................... MODUL AJAR - HVAC 12
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