Module 1: Globalization and it's definition
- 9. GLOBALIZATION BESTLINK COLLEGE OF THE PHILIPPINES Instructor: John Vincent Mangahas
- 10. INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION • The concept of globalization has numerous definitions, depending on the subject matter being explained. • To international economists, it has a simple definition, albeit one with powerful implications. • Specifically, globalization occurs when the markets of different countries become more integrated and interconnected through economic transactions that cross national borders.
- 11. INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION • These transactions can be in real merchandise, various forms of services, financial instruments, investments in local production facilities by multinational firms (a process called foreign direct investment, or FDI), temporary and permanent labor migration, and technological information. • They can involve individuals, trade between unrelated firms, transactions within international enterprises, and governments. What drives these transactions and how they are organized is endlessly fascinating.
- 12. GLOBALIZATION • The term ‘globalization’ originates from the Latin term globus or globe in English. • The noun globe, believed to be dated from the 15th century, signifies the spherical representation of the earth. • The term ‘globalization’ was first used in the English language in 1959. • the term globalization was invented because a “new terminology is needed to discuss a new condition”.
- 13. GLOBALIZATION DEFINITION IN DIFFERENT SCHOLARS • Giovanni Reyes (2001)- 2 Principal Meanings which is Globalization is a phenomenon and Globalization is a theory of economic Development. • Beck (2009)- Globalization as a Process: Beck sees globalization as a process where the power and influence of individual sovereign states are increasingly shaped and challenged by transnational actors. • Schafer (2007)- Spatial Expansion: Schafer emphasizes that globalization involves a geographical expansion, meaning that it affects more and more of the globe. • Utkin (2002)- Market Forces vs. State Control: Utkin argues that globalization, drawing from the ideology of globalism, is driven by market forces rather than state actions. According to him, the forces of the market, such as global trade and investment dynamics, play a central role in shaping the process of globalization, rather than decisions made by individual governments.
- 14. TERMS AND CONCEPTS This refers to how entities and actors around the world are linked together in a globalized system. INTERCONNECTEDNESS INTERDEPENDENCE INTEGRATION FLOWS This describes the mutual reliance among countries, organizations, and individuals in the international An example would be the way different countries' economies are integrated into a single global market. Flows refer to the movement of various elements on a global scale, including goods, resources, services, information, data, transactions, finance, and people.
- 15. ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION • Communications • Information Technology • Culture • Economics • Politics • Environment
- 16. CONCEPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION • Liberalism and Globalization • Realism and Globalization • Marxism and Globalization • Constructivism and Globalization • Postmodernism and Globalization • Feminism and Globalization • Transformationalism and Globalization
- 17. CONCEPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION • Liberalism and Globalization- Linking humanity across the globe through open markets and liberal ideas. • Realism and Globalization- Realism views globalization through the lens of power. States are primarily concerned with their own power and security, leading to competition and conflict. • Marxism and Globalization- Marxism sees globalization as a result of capitalism's drive to expand markets and accumulate profits. Globalization is viewed as a process that enhances opportunities for profit-making and exploitation on a global scale, furthering social inequality and capitalist dominance. • Constructivism and Globalization- Globalization is shaped by cultural and psychological forces, and not just by economic or political factors. Social and cultural ideas are at the core of globalization.
- 18. CONCEPTIONS OF GLOBALIZATION • Postmodernism and Globalization- Postmodernism critiques the simplistic views of globalization found in liberalism and realism, and highlights the complex social conditions that enable globalization. However, it also acknowledges its limitations, as it struggles to fully account for the material forces that shape globalization. • Feminism and Globalization- It puts emphasis on social construction of masculinity and femininity. • Transformationalism and Globalization- Transformationalism argues that globalization is creating deep and significant changes in the way societies are organized across the world. It emphasizes that globalization is transforming political, economic, and cultural relations, creating new patterns of global interconnectedness and power.
- 19. QUIZ NO.1
- 20. ACTIVITY NO.1
- 21. Very Much! Thank You PROFESSOR: JOHN VINCENT MANGAHAS INSTRUCTOR III