Module 10 - Section 6 ICTs for climate change adaptation 20110904
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The document discusses the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in climate change adaptation, emphasizing their importance in promoting efficiency and sustainable development. It highlights various ICT applications, including remote sensing, geographic information systems (GIS), and crowdsourcing tools for monitoring and managing environmental changes. Additionally, it presents examples of how ICTs facilitate data collection for agriculture, disaster response, and biodiversity management.
Module 10 - Section 6 ICTs for climate change adaptation 20110904
- 1. Module 10 Session 3 (Seoul, Korea, 24 February 2011) ICTs for climate change adaptation Richard Labelle rlab@sympatico.ca
- 2. 2 Objectives of Module 10 To show that ICTs be used to address climate change To demonstrate why ICTs are a crucial part of the solution – i.e. in promoting efficiency, Green Growth & sustainable development
- 3. 3 Objectives of Section 6 – key ICT applications for climate change adaptation Provide examples of some ICT applications for climate change adaptation for: Enhancing environmental understanding; Helping people, communities and organizations to adapt to climate change; and Building capacity for environmental and climate change adaptation.
- 4. 4 Technologies for enhancing environmental understanding (1) Remote sensing technologies Satellite based Ground based sensors and sensor technologies: WSNs, Internet of Things, embedded processors Powerful and user friendly handheld devices Data recording, analysis, visualization Environmental sensing Extending the reach of cloud computing services
- 5. 5 Technologies for enhancing environmental understanding (2) High speed processors (CPUs, GPUs & peripherals) Geographic information system )GIS) Cloud based GIS: Google Earth, Microsoft Virtual Earth Global positioning systems (GPS)
- 6. 6 Technologies for enhancing environmental understanding (3) Digital data archives Database management systems Web 2.0 & Web 3.0 technologies Mashups of these various technologies Social networks: Crowsourcing that facilitates environmental observation
- 7. 7 Some examples (1) Satellite based weather observation systems & terrestrial weather stations WMO’s World Weather Watch system discussed in Section 4 Automatic weather stations remotely connected to weather network Many auto weather stations increase data reliability and weather predictability
- 8. 8 Some examples (2) FluxNet: a global network of weather stations focusing on CO2, H20 & energy exchanges at earth’s surface Used for modelling & understanding terrestrial energy balance
- 9. 9 Some examples (3) NatureServe: Uses ICTs for biodiversity mapping & management GIS, GPS, handheld devices, wireless nets for real time data collection & analysis Useful for measuring impact of CC on biodiversity More long term
- 10. NatureServe Biotics app for biodiversity 10 observation [http://www.natureserve.org/prodServices/biotics.jsp
- 11. 11 Some examples (4) Using remote sensing and WSNs for: Mapping soil capability & matching agricultural technologies & practices to best suit these characteristics Use existing knowledge bases for this: CGIAR, FAO & other UN, etc.
- 12. 12 Examples (5) Use remote sensing & GIS to map soil capability characteristics identify appropriate: land use practices, crops and animals, to put into place sustainable agricultural practices
- 13. 13 Some examples (6) Using ICTs for REDD: Measuring vegetation cover & changes in cover Tracking vegetation health Satellite based remote sensing, GIS, GPS, handheld mobile devices, WSNs, etc.
- 14. 14 Some examples (7) The Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) Facilitates access to digital imagery data archives
- 15. REDD – the Green Belt Movement (Kenya) 15 GBM uses: GIS @ GBM – Satellite data to identify areas of forest loss where urgent reforestation or tree planting should be carried out. – GIS and Remote Sensing for identification of the location, delineate the extent of specific potential community-based tree planting project sites. – Field measurements to estimate baseline biomass and carbon stocks for the community tree planting project sites – Mapping and field based-monitoring using GIS to ensure high survival of the planted trees – Web-based mapping application for reporting of project progress to the management and project partners [Maathai, W. and Ndunda, P. 2009. The Green Belt Movement International. Cop15. Dec. 8, 2009.
- 16. 16 REDD – Green Belt Movement ESRI: GIS platform Google Earth & data sharing The European Space Agency: remote sensing data (satellite) Spot Image as partner Trimble: positioning solutions Leica Geosystems: Technologies that capture, visualize and process 3D spatial data
- 17. Use of GIS by the Green Belt Movement in 17 Kenya GBM uses: GIS @ GBM – Satellite data to identify areas of forest loss where urgent reforestation or tree planting should be carried out. – GIS and Remote Sensing for identification of the location, delineate the extent of specific potential community-based tree planting project sites. – Field measurements to estimate baseline biomass and carbon stocks for the community tree planting project sites – Mapping and field based-monitoring using GIS to ensure high survival of the planted trees – Web-based mapping application for reporting of project progress to the management and project partners [Maathai, W. and Ndunda, P. 2009. The Green Belt Movement International. Cop15. Dec. 8, 2009.
- 18. ICTs for helping people, communities 18 and organizations adapt to CC For DRR & DRM: Remote sensing technologies & satellite & wireless telecommunication technologies including NGNs Sensors & sensor nets (WSNs) Digital imagery for crowsource mapping A social networking application GIS & browser based GIS (Google Earth, Microsoft Virtual Earth, etc.) WSNs for drought and flood monitoring & control, irrigation control, etc.
- 19. Crowdsourcing apps for emergency 19 preparedness & response (1) OpenStreetMap: OpenStreetMap allows you to view, edit and use geographical data in a collaborative way from anywhere on Earth.
- 21. Crowdsourcing apps for emergency 21 preparedness & response (2) Google Mapmaker: The Google equivalent allowing cloud-based sharing of mapping information that can also be considered a geospatial data hosting service It allows users of the (free) service to annotate places for people to see in Google maps.
- 22. 22 Google Map Maker http://www.google.com/mapmaker/pulse
- 23. Crowdsourcing apps for emergency 23 preparedness & response (3) Ushahidi: The Ushahidi platform provides tools for communities to crowdsource real-time information using SMS, email, Twitter and the Web
- 24. Ushahidi :bushfire connect – reporting bushfires in 24 Australia http://bushfireconnect.org/ & http://crowdmap.com/ & http://www.ushahidi.com/products/crowdmap
- 25. Crowdsourcing apps for emergency 25 preparedness & response (4) Sahana: Web-based collaboration tool that addresses common coordination problems during a disaster from finding missing people, managing aid, managing volunteers and tracking camps effectively between government groups, civil society (NGOs) and the affected themselves Crowdsourcing allows to consult a wider group to gather info & for better situational analysis
- 26. 26 Role of ICTs (6) After disaster: information for damage assessment and planning of relief operations mainly obtained by space remote sensing systems (Vassiliev,ITU).
- 27. 27 Role of ICTs (7) Tools that can help governments, people, organizations and communities become more efficient ICT based modernization of business processes: e-government in general + specialized e-applications in particular
- 28. Applications: Agriculture (FEWS 1) 28 Famine Early Warning System(FEWS) For vulnerability and food security assessments, Food security alerts, updates and briefings, etc. Satellite based remote sensing Assist small scale farmers to predict crop yields in relation to seasonal weather and precipitation trends
- 29. Applications: Agriculture (FEWS 2) 29 Famine Early Warning System(FEWS) Prepare for famine and delay growing seasons when drought places farming at risk Africa & beyond (Afghanistan)
- 30. 30 The Famine Early Warning System (Fews) - Estimated food security conditions, 2nd Quarter 2010 (April-June) FEWS. 2010. Estimated food security conditions, 2nd Quarter 2010 (April-June). http://www.fews.net/Pages/default.aspx
- 31. 31 Applications: agriculture Nano Ganesh (India) Mobile phone application that triggers irrigation pumps remotely Saves water and is helping over 10,000 farmers manage pumps that would otherwise require manual control
- 32. 32 Applications: agriculture CHEWACS (Indonesia) Climate Change Early Warning for Agricultural Communities e-Environment decision support system WSNs to gather microclimate data Sensors detect T, humidity, wind, sunlight radiation, air pollution Data relayed to servers for processing Info to provide warnings to agricultural communities and governments
- 33. 33 Applications: weather info Enhancing the capacity of weather and environmental ministries and services to collect data and communicate it to the public Automatic weather stations connected to the national weather info. system Ericsson “Weather for all” project PPP to build 5,000 automatic weather stations at mobile network sites (cell towers, etc.) across Africa
- 34. Applications: micro insurance (1) 34 ICTs used to enhance quality & availability of weather data helps make risk assessment more accurate, allows micro insurers to offer competitive pricing Availability of timely, accurate and reliable weather data, insurance companies see opportunities to provide farmers with affordable micro insurance plans
- 35. Applications: micro insurance (2) 35 Data used: weather records published by the local weather station, key data on morbidity, disease data from epidemiological surveys and data banks, etc. ICTs and especially mobile devices enhancing the efficiency of the micro insurance market: i.e. selling and / or buying micro insurance, registering claims and receiving compensation
- 36. Applications: micro insurance (3) 36 Indonesia has developed an index-based flood insurance credit card scheme; The Philippines has a typhoon index crop insurance scheme for rice farmers
- 37. 37 6.3 Building capacity for environmental & CC adaptation (1) Some technologies: E-government Internet based learning networks Online streaming of multimedia content for: Diffusing news and knowledge and for enhancing participation in conferences and meetings, etc. Teleconferencing systems (high definition video conferencing, telepresence, etc.)
- 38. 38 6.3 Building capacity for environmental & CC adaptation (2) Some technologies: Social networks & apps available via social nets Various Web based distance learning resources
- 39. 39 Some examples (1) E-government apps: To strengthen the capacity of government to address climate change adaptation ICT enhance data collection Minimize the health impacts pf climate change by: Strengthening public health systems Enhancing capacity Strengthening surveillance & control of disease
- 40. 40 Some examples (2) E-learning: UN climate change learning platforms World Bank distance learning course on climate change science & policy APCICT Virtual Academy (AVA) Various specialised courses available online
- 41. 41 Some cross cutting ICT based applications for building capacity for climate change adaptation
- 42. 42 Resources for the Future (USA) Adaptation Atlas: Web-based application for user driven, dynamically generated maps of climate impacts and adaptation activities Database of impacts Repository of adaptation projects Data available for download and uploads User can select different locations, timeframes, scenarios and overlay resulting data across sectors
- 43. 43 Google (1) Several projects to enhance access to data on adaptation using ICTs http://www.weadapt.org/ : explore ways of improving access to info. on climate adaptation using Google Earth GEO Forest Carbon Tracking (FCT) initiative: to support countries wanting to establish national forest-change, carbon estimation and reporting systems: Using satellite imagery for measuring / monitoring world's forests using Google Earth
- 44. 44 Google (2) Earth Engine Demo Many possible uses Forest monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) in support of efforts such as REDD Uses Google cloud for storage, computation, analysis & visualization Respects data ownership Open Data Kit: Tools to help organizations collect, aggregate and visualize data
- 45. 45 Google (3) Google Crisis Response: Use imagery - Cyclone Nargis Hits Myanmar using Google Map Maker Available soon: Airborne affordable versatile hi res imagery from a small plane World Bank Development Indicators in Google Search Information Technology support for Mekong Basin Disease Surveillance Network
- 46. 46 Microsoft SenseWeb: geo-based web interface for publishing and browsing live sensor data SensorMap: Visualization of info. Mashes up sensor data from SenseWeb on a map interface Provides interactive tools to selectively query sensors and visualize data, along with authenticated access to manage sensors
- 47. 47 Government of Korea Sensor networks for managing water pollution and measuring water levels
- 48. Sensor networks monitor water level and 48 pollutants in Korea Four Major Rivers through u-River Control Preventing water pollution by establishing real-time environment monitoring system based on Ubiquitous Sensor Network (USN) to support the Four River Revival Project and monitor the ecological environment [National Information Society Agency (NIA), Government of Korea UV Index: 5 - the average level - Needs to have protection (sunscreen/sunshade) Stroll Path: Temperature/ humidity/illumination - good - Good for jogging and walking River Condition Index: 9 - good - Throwing wastes into river prohibited Water Level of River: normal 20/15 Messages to Electronic Bulletin Boards Wire Wireless USN Zigbee Network - 2.4Ghz, 100m range - Sensor/Router/Gateway Real-time detection of pollution source • Sensors : Air temperature/illumination/humidity/UV(14EA), water level(7EA), water temperature/dissolved oxygen(DO)/PH (14EA) • Relay nodes : Zigbee Router Node (14EA), including water level CDMA+SINK Node(7EA) Total: 49EA
- 49. 49 Discussion