A european spatial data infrastructure under construction context, scope and implementation progress of the inspire directive (ICT2010 Networking Session)
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This document provides an overview of the INSPIRE Directive, which aims to establish an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe. INSPIRE will make data about the environment and other topics like transport networks and cadastral parcels available across borders. It lays out principles like data being collected once and shared between public authorities. The directive covers 34 spatial data themes and will help support EU policies relating to the environment by enabling better access and use of spatial data.
A european spatial data infrastructure under construction context, scope and implementation progress of the inspire directive (ICT2010 Networking Session)
- 1. A European Spatial Data Infrastructure under Construction Context, Scope and Implementation Progress of the INSPIRE Directive Hugo DE GROOF Directorate-General Environment – Chief Scientist, Research and Innovation Unit European Commission INSPIRE TEAM Eurostat – DG Environment – Joint Research Centre
- 2. INSPIRE Policy Foundations The EU 6th Environmental Action Programme 2001-2010 Seven Thematic Strategies 1. Clean Air For Europe (CAFE) 2. Soil protection 3. Sustainable use of pesticides 4. Marine environment 5. Waste prevention and recycling 6. Sustainable use of natural resources 7. Urban environment Four Priorities 1. Climate Change 2. Nature and Biodiversity 3. Environment and Health 4. Natural resources and waste + Mitigation of natural and man-made hazards leading to disasters Focus on « knowledge-based » policy making and assessment
- 3. Why INSPIRE ? Needs Better information needed to support policies Improvement of existing information flows Differentiation across regions to be considered Revision of approach to reporting and monitoring, moving to concept of sharing of information Situation in Europe Data policy restrictions pricing, copyright, access rights, licensing policy Lack of co-ordination across boarders and between levels of government Lack of standards incompatible information and information systems Existing data not re-usable fragmentation of information, redundancy, inability to integrate EU has islands of data of different standards and quality...
- 4. INSPIRE principles Data should be collected once and maintained at the level where this can be done most effectively Combine seamlessly spatial data from different sources and share it between many users and applications (the concept of interoperability) Spatial data should be collected at one level of government and shared between all levels Spatial data needed for good governance should be available on conditions that are not restricting its extensive use It should be easy to discover which spatial data is available, to evaluate its fitness for purpose and to know which conditions apply for its use
- 5. Bringing data together through a Spatial Data Infrastructure Data easily discoverable and accessible to users Like a road infrastructure makes it possible to connect different sites, a spatial data infrastructure makes it possible to connect data located at different sources Easier development of new applications and services Components Institutional framework Data Services Fundamental data sets Technical standards
- 6. INSPIRE lays down general rules to establish an infrastructure for spatial information in Europe for the purposes of Community environmental policies and policies or activities which may have an impact on the environment. INSPIRE to be based on the infrastructures for spatial information established and operated by the Member States. INSPIRE does not require collection of new spatial data INSPIRE does not affect existing Intellectual Property Rights INSPIRE Directive General Provisions
- 7. INSPIRE Fundamental Data Sets Spatial data held by or on behalf of a public authority operating down to the lowest level of government when laws or regulations require their collection or dissemination INSPIRE covers 34 Spatial Data Themes laid down in 3 Annexes – ( required to successfully build environmental information systems )
- 8. INSPIRE Data Scope (1) Annex I Coordinate reference systems Geographical grid systems Geographical names Administrative units Addresses Cadastral parcels Transport networks Hydrography Protected sites Annex II Elevation Land cover Ortho-imagery Geology
- 9. Annex III Statistical units Buildings Soil Land use Human health and safety Utility and governmental services Environmental monitoring facilities Production and industrial facilities Agricultural and aquaculture facilities Population distribution – demography Area management/restriction /regulation zones & reporting units Natural risk zones Atmospheric conditions Meteorological geographical features Oceanographic geographical features Sea regions Bio-geographical regions Habitats and biotopes Species distribution Energy Resources Mineral resources INSPIRE Data Scope (2)
- 10. Environmental phenomena do not stop at national borders! 20% of the EU citizens (110 million) live within 50 Kms from a border . 60 million EU citizens live less than half an hour (25 kms) from a border
- 11. Environment and Health 20 million Europeans suffer from respiratory problems every day 10% of European children suffer from asthma In the EU in 2000, about 350,000 were seriously affected due to air pollution caused by fine particulate matter. Current levels of ground-level ozone cause more than 20,000 premature deaths each year and dangerous levels of 'smog', linked with high summer temperatures and nitrous oxide emissions, are on the rise.
- 12. Environment & Health Assessment of Health Impacts Exposure Data Health Data Socio-economic data Geographical data Environmental data Air Pollution Cancer Cases Directive on Ambient Air Quality “ Atmospheric modelling and measurements of air pollution demonstrate beyond doubt that the pollution emitted in one Member State contributes to measured pollution in other Member States. This shows that individual Member States cannot solve the problems alone and concerted action at the EU scale is required.”
- 13. Source: GMES BICEPS Report INSPIRE DATA Themes and Air Quality – Impacts information system I- 2 Elevation III – 14 Meteorological geographical features III – 13 Atmospheric conditions II – 2 Landcover III – 18 Habitats and biotopes III – 19 Species distribution III-10 Population distribution — demography III- 6 - Utility and governmental services Etc. III – 7 Environmental Monitoring Facilities III – 13 Atmospheric conditions
- 14. Disaster/Risk Management Cycle Source: ORCHESTRA project
- 15. Directive on the Assessment and Management of Floods A preliminary flood risk assessment Including art.4 a-f (e) Likelihood of future floods and projected impact of climate change and land use trends Prepare flood risk maps by 2013 – with 6 yearly updates Flood risk management plans by 2015
- 16. Risk Management System RISK = HAZARD * Elements at RISK * VULNERABILITY Risk Mitigation strategies & response options Elements at Risk & Vulnerability Hazards Identification Risk Communication - Observations - History of Events and Consequences Monitoring & Surveillance Early Warnings & Forecasts Probability & Process Models Risk Scenarios & Maps
- 17. Floods Early Warning – Forecast - Impact Assessment Data & Information Requirements Source: GMES BICEPS Report I-8 Hydrography I- 2 Elevation III – 7 Environmental Monitoring Facilities III - 12 Natural Risk Zones III – 14 Meteorological geographical features III – 13 Atmospheric conditions III – 3 Soils III – 4 Land-use II – 2 Landcover III – 18 Habitats and biotopes III – 19 Species distribution III-10 Population distribution — demography III- 6 - Utility and governmental services Etc.
- 18. Floods – FLAPP findings FLAPP* 'Flood Awareness & Prevention Policy in border areas‘ OBSTACLES TO COOPERATION BETWEEN AUTHORITIES IN FLOOD MANAGEMENT Different levels of experience and knowledge on both sides of the border may be an obstacle to successful cooperation. Different levels of data availability between counterparts will also result in a lack of meteorological and hydrological data for the whole river system. Another possible obstacle is the use of different, non-compatible models, monitoring techniques etc. In many cases it is not clear for water managers where to get specific knowledge and information. Valuable knowledge at private institutes may be (too) expensive for public water managers. Together, these problems can lead to the use of data of different quality on both sides of the border. * FLAPP: EU- co -funded network http:// www.flapp.org/sjablonen/flapp_public/index.asp?subsite =122
- 19. Risk prevention, mitigation and restoration Identify risk areas for soil degradation Erosion Organic matter decline Compaction and decrease of porosity Salinisation Landslides Soil contamination Identify contaminated sites – posing a risk to human health or environment Soils Thematic Strategy (proposal for a Soils Directive – no political agreement)
- 20. Pesticides Directive establishing a framework for Community action to achieve sustainable use of pesticides and amending Directive 2006/42/EC Specific measures to protect the aquatic environment Buffer zones – defined as a function of the risk of pollution (soil, climate, etc.) Measures to limit aerial drift (hedge rows etc.) Reduction of pesticide use in sensitive areas Identify and list sensitive areas Non-agricultural areas with high run-off risk or leaching. Reporting – info exchange Through to be defined RISK INDICATORS
- 21. Soils Directive Data & Information Requirements Source: GMES BICEPS Report
- 22. European Environment and Health Action Plan 2004-2010 EU Environment and Health Information System Information on environment and health is scattered: not easily accessible, often not comparable, and not of the right quality.. Environmental data sets are generally not gathered for exposure and health purposes (i.e., with incomplete geo-referencing and little or no cross referencing to human exposure) and so are of limited direct use for health assessment purposes. Grass roots problem: Geo-traceability …..
- 23. Main deficits of current developed indicators for monitoring environmental health policy Numerous indicators sets available, mostly aimed at environment OR health, except WHO-EHIS No shared institutional infrastructure Differences in indicator definitions and construction (geographical scale, age groups, diagnosis, time periods) Differences in data collection/ reporting systems Lack of harmonized data quality control Limitations of international reporting mechanisms in providing EH relevant data Many different dataholders/reporting obligations
- 24. Marine Strategy Framework directive MSFD Art.4 Marine regions or subregions Art.8 Assessment - Environmental status - Physical, chemical features - Habitat types - Biological features - Hydro-morphology - Pressures and impacts analysis Economic and social analysis INSPIRE Annex III.16 Sea Regions Requires Consistent methodologies > Take account of transboundary impacts and features Several Annex I/II/III themes related
- 25. Marine Strategy Directive Data and Information Needs ? Source: GMES BICEPS Report
- 26. COMMISSION STAFF WORKING DOCUMENT (2009) “ Building a European marine knowledge infrastructure: Roadmap for a European Marine Observation and Data Network” Discovery of Data . It is difficult for potential users to obtain an overview of what data are available for a particular parameter in a particular region. Access to data . Those holding the data may not release them either because of confidentiality or security constraints, because they do not or cannot allocate sufficient resources for archiving and maintaining data. Use of data . Even where data are available, their use or re-use may be limited by the data policy of the owner. Cost of data . The prices imposed by some data-owners undoubtedly reduces the uptake of these data by users. Coherence of Data . Developing a complete picture in time and space over a sea-area using data collected by different bodies is complicated by fragmented standards, formats and nomenclature. This is particularly the case when there is a need to study cross-border areas. Quality of Data . There are no universally-recognised measures of quality, precision or accuracy. Metadata documentation may be sparse or inadequate so potential users do not know what confidence to ascribe to the data. Quantity of Data . Finally there is some concern as to whether enough data is being collected. The current fragmented nature of data collection makes it difficult to determine whether the right data is being collected, whether it is being collected frequently enough or whether there are gaps in its coverage
- 27. INSPIRE - Technical Metadata Interoperability of spatial data sets and services Network services (discovery, view, download, transform, invoke) - European geo-portal Data and Service sharing EU / MS Coordination and measures for monitoring & reporting INSPIRE is a Framework Directive “ Implementing Rules” for: “ Implementing Rules” to adopt according to directive “roadmap” “ Implementing Rules” bottom-up development with stakeholders
- 28. Registers Service Metadata Data Set Metadata Registry Service Discovery Service DT MD DT NS GeoRM layers Application and Geoportals Service Bus InvokeSD Service Transf. Service Spatial Data Set TWG TWG TWG Thematic DS Framework for harmonized DS DT DS View Service Download Service INSPIRE - Architecture Service Layer Data Sources
- 29. Participatory approach 112 (+19%) 144 (+50%) 210 (+9%) 116 (+30%) 201 (+45%) 01-06-2007 78 122 (+30%) 354 (+296%) 284 (+47%) 173 (+94%) 301 (+117%) 22-04-2009 94 96 193 89 139 22-06-2005 Proposals testing Annex I data specifications Identified Projects Referenced Materials Proposed Experts Legally Mandate Organisations (LMOs) Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDICs)
- 30. TWG-NZ Natural Risk Zones
- 31. INSPIRE - Data Sharing in force since 15 May 2009 Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of data and services between public authorities for public tasks relating to the environment without restrictions occurring at the point of use. Public authorities may charge, license each other and Community institutions provided this does not create an obstacle to sharing. When spatial data or services are provided to Community institutions for reporting obligations under Community law relating to the environment then this will not be subject to charging. Member States shall provide the institutions and bodies of the Community with access to spatial data sets and services in accordance with harmonised conditions. Implementing Rule
- 32. Progress Preparatory phase (2004-2006) Co-decision procedure Start of preparation of Implementing Rules Transposition phase (2007-2009) Directive entered into force 15 May 2007 Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules Transposition into national legislation Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology Regulation Metadata 14/5/2008 – in force Regulation Network Services – part 1 19/12/2008 – in force Decision Monitoring & reporting – 19/12/2008 – in force 15/5/2009 DATA SHARING ENTERS INTO FORCE Regulation Network Services – part 2 14/12/2009 …. Regulation interoperability of spatial data sets and services part 1- 14/12/2009 …… roadmap ….. Implementation phase (2010-2013) Implementation and monitoring of measures Continuation of preparation of Implementing Rules Adoption of Implementing Rules by Comitology
Editor's Notes
- #24: There are numerous indicator sets available at local, national and international level which contain one or more indicators relevant to environment and health .Eg env ind which measure progress towards a clean and healthy environment (eg air and water quality ) . New indicators for eg chemicals/sust dev under development at Eurostat. Also many examples of health indicators that have been used succesfully in public health arena. Only a few projects though aimed at developing indicator specifcally for monitoring environmental health policy, such as The Environmental Health and Information system of WHO Europe (Eurostat dev. Ind.chemicals for monitoring implementation of new policies on chemicals: index/ impact areas/risk areas) At the moment no shared institutional infrastructure with regard to data-collection available/functioning, although EEA partner in WHO project. . Information about changes in time or between/within- countries may be more important than the absolute levels of the indicators. Thus, comparability of the underlying databases is of the utmost importance. Unfortunately, the indicators in the different sets vary in operational definitions (age, diagnosis), geographical scale and quality. In addition, countries have to report to different organizations on the same issues, but sometime using slightly other indicator definitions. Differences in indicator definitions hampers comparison a n d analysis (eg linking of environment and health indicators which have a different geographical/aggregation level )
- #26: How will the strategy be monitored and reviewed? An assessment of the current status of the region and of the environmental impact of human activities including would serve as the foundation for the development of Marine Strategies. On this basis Member States would be required to establish monitoring programmes to review the status of marine ecosystems and the achievement of regional environmental quality objectives selected through suitable indicators. The programmes would: – Be made operational at the latest four years after the date of entry into force of the legal instrument supporting the marine strategy. – Be aggregated on the basis of Marine Regions. – Be subject, where appropriate, to common technical specifications and standardised methods for monitoring at Community level to allow comparability of information. – Build upon complement relevant existing monitoring programmes developed at EU and regional level to ensure consistency between these programmes and avoid duplication of efforts. In particular, synergies would be developed with monitoring efforts under the Common Fisheries Policy (e.g. Fisheries Data Collection Regulation). – Make reporting obligations deriving from these monitoring programmes fully compatible with the Commission’s proposal for a Directive establishing an infrastructure for spatial information in the Community (INSPIRE) of 2004.