module-2elements-and-compounds.presentation
- 1. G RA D E7 SCIENCE Discussed by: Ms. Nonah Mae T. Espina ODL Science
- 2. OBJECTIVES After going through this module, you are expected to: 1. describe an element and a compound; 2.explain the difference between an element and a compound; and 3.cite examples of elements and compounds (S7MT-Ig-h-5).
- 3. • Review Matter • Phases of Matter • Classification of Matter • Elements • Compounds
- 4. •Anything that has a mass and a volume
- 5. Matter can be found in three different types. These three types are considered the three STATES of MATTER. 1. Solids 2. Liquids 3. Gasses
- 6. A SOLID is matter that has a defined shape and will not lose its shape. FIXED VOLUME AND FIXED SHAPE Examples of solids: 1. Chair 2. Table 3. Golf Ball 4. Hockey Puck 5. Glass Jar
- 7. A LIQUID is matter that will take the shape of any container it is placed in put has a fixed volume. Examples of LIQUIDS: 1. Water 2. Soda 3. Milk 4. Juice 5. Tomato Sauce
- 8. A GAS is matter that does NOT have a fixed shape or volume, but will completely take up all the space in a container. Examples of GASSES: 1. Oxygen 2. Helium 3. Carbon Dioxide 4. Nitrogen 5. Carbon Monoxide
- 9. VIDEO
- 10. “This concoction is an example of a suspension - a mixture of two substances, one of which is finely divided and dispersed in the other. In the case of the cornstarch quicksand, it's a solid dispersed in a liquid. When you punch the cornstarch , you force the long starch molecules closer together. The impact of this force traps the water between the starch chains to form a semi-rigid structure. When the pressure is released, the cornstarch flows again.”
- 11. • An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances but can be chemically combined with one another to produce another substance. • This makes elements as a homogenous example of matter.
- 12. • Elements could either have physical and chemical properties. • Physical Properties • This is a property that can be readily observed through the human senses. • Chemical Properties • This is a property that can be attained once an element undergoes change in composition such as burning.
- 13. 1. Luster- shiny in appearance 2. Volume- amount of space occupied by an object. 3. Color- the aspect of the appearance of object and light sources. 4. Mass- the amount of material it contains. 5. Shape- appearance or form of a sample matter.
- 14. 1. Flammability- ability to be burnt easily or undergo combustion. 2. Oxidation- to be rusted or being oxidized and form oxides. 3. Toxicity- the relative degree of being poisonous. 4. Acidity- the state of being acidic by nature. 5. Stability- resistance to chemical change or to physical disintegration
- 15. It is a tabular display of the chemical elements, which are arranged by atomic number, electron configuration, and recurring chemical properties.
- 16. • 118 Elements in PTE • 94 elements are naturally occurring. • In the late 1800s, Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian chemist arranged the chemical elements according to increasing atomic masses and it resulted to a periodic trend in properties
- 17. Name Origins of Some Elements Origin Examples Color 1. Chorine from Greek chloros meaning “greenish- yellow” 2. Iodine from Greek iodes meaning “violet” 3. Cesium from coesius meaning “skyblue” 4. Iridum from Latin iris meaning ‘rainbow” 5. Rubidium from Latin rubidus meaning “deepest red” 6. Rhodium from rhodon meaning “rose” People 1. Einsteinium from Albert Einstein, the proponent of the relativity theory 2. Curium from Pierre and Marie Curie, the discoverer of the element radium 3. Fermium from Enrico Fermi, pioneer in nuclear physics 4. Nobelium from Alfred Nobel, inventor of dynamite a27nd founder of the Nobel Prize 5. Mendelevium from Dmitri Mendeleev, the
- 18. Name Origins of Some Elements Origin Examples Name of Celestial Bodies 1. Cerium from Ceres, the first asteroid being discovered 2. Helium from Helios which means sun 3. Neptunium from planet Neptune 4. Plutonium from dwarf planet Pluto 5. Tellurium from Tellus which means Earth 6. Mercury from the planet Mercury 7. Uranium from the planet Uranus Names of Mythological Figures 1. Arsenic from Arsenikus which means brave male 2. Cobalt from the word Kobold which means evil spirits 3. Nickel from Nickel also which means devil 4. Thorium form Thor who is the Norse god of war 5. Wolfram of tungsten which means wolf
- 19. Name Origins of Some Elements Origin Examples Names of Minerals and Ores 1. Aluminum from Alumen which means alum 2. Boron from the mineral Borah which means borax 3. Calcium from Calx which means chalk 4. Fluorine from Flour Lapis which means fluorspar 5. Silicon from the ore Sitex which means flint Geographical Names 1. Americium, Berkelium, and Californium from USA, Berkeley, and California. 2. Germanium from Winkler, Germany 3. Polonium from Poland
- 20. • It was Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848), • A Sweden chemist, who proposed that a chemical element be represented by one or two letters or by a chemical symbol.
- 21. Rows and Columns in the Periodic Table
- 24. METAL S • These are elements found on the left side of metalloids. • Majority of the elements are metals. Properties Definition Lustrous Being shiny in appearance Solids At room temperature and atmospheric pressure, metals are generally solid except for mercury. Malleability Able to be drawn into thin plates or any shapes without breaking Ductility Able to be drawn into fine wires High boiling points The temperature at which a substance starts to boil High melting points The temperature at which a substance starts to melt Conductivity Able to conduct electricity well
- 25. USES OF METALS METALS USES Cadmium used in plating other metals for protection and is widely used in paint production and nuclear reactors. Mercury useful in making thermometers, barometers, and electric switches Zinc used in coating other metals such as iron to prevent corrosion. It is also utilized for medicine, fiberboard, and automobile parts. Aluminum the most abundant metal in the Earth’s crust. It is hard, light, and does not easily rust Magnesium highly utilized in the production of airplanes Copper used as carriers of electric currents in wires Calcium is needed for making cement, bleaching powders, and plaster of Paris Sodium present in soaps and detergents Gold and Silver Making jewelries.
- 26. NON-- METALS • These are elements found on the right side of metalloids. • 18 elements are non-metals including Hydrogen. General Properties 1.Nonmetals are not lustrous at all when they are in solid forms. 2.Nonmetals can be gases or volatile liquids at room temperature and others can still be solid. If they are in solid forms, they tend to become dull, powdery, or brittle 3.Nonmetals break easily. They are not malleable at all. 4.Most nonmetals have low boiling and melting points except for carbon in the form of diamond. 5.Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity due to their loosely held electrons.
- 27. USES OF NON--METALS Nonmetal Description Uses Carbon Found in every organic molecule. All living things have carbon in their bodies and their compound. Carbon dioxide is one of the key ingredients in glucose formation in leaves through the process of photosynthesis in plants. . It is also found in pencils and diamonds Oxygen Oxygen is considered as the gas of life. Life on earth is not possible without this nonmetal. The composition of the Earth’s atmosphere that allows humans to survive is made up of 20% oxygen. This gas is important for respiration to occur and for cells to carry out their biological functions in our bodies. Iodine Can be easily obtained from seawater that is why seafood is rich in iodine. . It can easily change state from solid to gas without passing through its liquid form in a process called sublimation. Iodine which is highly recommended to prevent goiter.
- 28. USES OF NON--METALS Nonmetal Description Hydrogen Is the lightest among all the elements on Earth and is considered as the most abundant element in the universe. Helium It is less dense than air. When compressed, helium becomes liquid Neon It is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. Chlorine It is one of the essential minerals that carry charges in your body especially in the transmission of chemical signals in the nervous system Uses Commercial fixation of nitrogen from the, air in the Haber, ammonia process, hydrogenation of fats and oils, methanol production, rocket fuel, wielding, production of hydrochloric acid, reduction of metallic ores Helium is used in flying airplanes and balloons. It is used in the cooling process in refrigerators. It is used primarily to light up gas tubes in advertising displays. It is also present in bleaches, pesticides, and disinfectants and widely used
- 29. METALLOIDS
- 30. Compounds are made up of two or more elements that are chemically combined producing a new set of properties.
- 31. Properties of Compounds 1. Compounds cannot be separated into other substances by physical methods but by chemical means only.
- 32. Properties of Compounds 2. Shorthand in writing compounds is chemical formulas while elements are chemical symbols. Example: water - hydrogen - oxygen - H2O (chemical formula) H (chemical symbol) O (chemical symbol)
- 33. Properties of Compounds 3. Elements in compounds are always combined in fixed proportions. Name of the Compound Chemical Formula Composition Proportion A. water H2O 2 Hydrogen (H) 1 Oxygen (O) 2:1 B. table salt NaCl 1 Sodium (Na) 1 Chlorine (Cl) 1:1 C. table sugar C12H22O11 12 Carbon (C) 22 Hydrogen (H) 11 oxygen (O) 12:22:11
- 34. ADDITIONAL INPUTS 1. Generally, compounds have chemical names and common names Chemical formula Chemical name Common name sodium chloride table salt dihydrogen oxide water A. NaCl B. H2O C. CH4 carbon tetrahydride methane
- 35. ADDITIONAL INPUTS 2. Compounds are useful in our daily needs. Name of the Compound Chemical formula Uses A. water H2O drinking, washing, watering, cleaning B. table salt NaCl seasoning C. table sugar C12H22O11 sweetener D. agua oxigenada H2O2 cleaning wounds
- 36. Compounds can be classified into acids and bases. Indicators – are objects or substances that are used to determine the acidity or basicity of another substance. • Indicators contains anthocyanin. • Anthocyanin are compounds found in most flowers and some vegetables, typically, red in acid, purple in neutral, and blue in basic solution. ACID AND BASE
- 37. Types of INDICATORS 1. Litmus paper - used to test the acidity and basicity of a substance where acids turn blue litmus paper into red while bases turn red litmus paper into blue.
- 38. Types of INDICATORS 2. pH Scale - Another way of determining the acidity and basicity of a substance is using the pH (potential of Hydrogen ion) scale.
- 39. Types of INDICATORS 3. Natural Indicators- There are many indicators that come from plant sources.
- 40. Types of INDICATORS 4 pH Meter - is a scientific instrument that measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity or alkalinity expressed as pH.
- 41. What is an ACID? • Are compounds that contain Hydrogen ions • When dissolved in water, an acid releases hydrogen ions (H+) PROPERTIES 1. Acids taste sour. 2. Acids are corrosives 3. Acids are electrolytes 4.Acid turn blue litmus paper to red.
- 42. What is a BASE? • Substances that produce hydroxide ions (OH-) when they dissolve in water. • Hydroxide ions are negatively charges. PROPERTIES 1. Bases taste bitter. 2. Bases feel slippery to touch 3. Bases are electrolytes 4.Bases turn red litmus paper to blue.
- 43. 1.Read the poem “The Lost Element”, and let the students identify the elements (Oral or written). 2.‘My Idol Transformer’, let the students determine the metallic and nonmetallic elements in this activity.
- 44. THE LOST ELEMENT by: Jaypee Kadalem Balera I think I was lost My home is too far at any cost I am tired finding home-made of lead So that solar radiation will not anymore be spread, The heat from Sun makes me float Like Helium inside a balloon that makes it bloat As I go far, I feel numb and bursting Like a bullet powder made of Potassium Nitrate that makes us shaking
- 45. I hope I can go home now I feel my lungs did not function somehow Hope oxygen will fill me completely Before carbon dioxide will be mine totally As I walk in the lonely road above the mountains As I walk in the lonely road above the mountains It is sad to see land mine of gold and copper be broken This shows how the environment suffered much everyday Hope my home will be back with me again like a brand-new day My body is already in pained and drained With essential elements from water made up of hydrogen and oxygen I want to quench my thirst soon To fast track the lost element which is my Home.