Punctuation slideshare
- 1. Punctuation Tayyaba Maher BEDF19M015 BS.EDUCATION-2 Language skills University Of Sargodha Department of Education
- 2. Why do we use punctuation? We use punctuation marks: To separate groups of meaning and emphasis. To convey an idea of the variations of pitch, volume, pauses, and intonation of speech. To help avoid contextual anxiety.
- 3. Types of Punctuation Full stop/period Ellipses marks Comma Colon Semi colon Question mark
- 4. Types of Punctuation Exclamation mark Quotation marks Parentheses Apostrophe Hyphen and Dash Brackets
- 5. Full Stop/Period. Periods at the ends of sentences Declarative sentence Mild command Indirect question Courteous request Periods with abbrevia tions Periods in countin g.
- 6. Commas , To avoid confusion, use commas to separate words Use a comma to separate two adjectives Use commas before the name or title of a person directly addressed. Use a comma to separate the day of the month from the year and after the year. When starting a sentence with a weak clause, use a comma after it. Use a comma to separate two strong clauses joined by a conjunction Use the comma to separate two sentences if it helps to avoid confusion. Use commas to introduce direct quotations shorter than three lines. Use a comma to separate a statement from a question. Use a comma to separate contrasting parts of a sentence.
- 7. Before a series Before a list Before a long quotation Between special independent clauses After a salutation In time designations Directs attention to an appositive Separates titles and subtitles. Colons :
- 8. Semicolons ; Use semicolons correctly in your writing. Between independent clauses Before conjunctive adverbs In a series In compound sentences In a series containing commas We sometimes use a semi-colon instead of a full stop or period.
- 9. Dashes _ Often precedes the attribution of a quotation. To show an afterthought. To show a pause or break in meaning in the middle of a sentence. To introduce a list. With a sudden change of thought Before a summarizing statement
- 10. Hyphens- In word division To join words to show that their meaning is linked in some way. In compound words When writing numbers 21 to 99, and fractions. To show that a word has been broken at the end of a line. After prefixes
- 11. Quotation Marks “” With direct quotations Within quotations With other punctuation marks With special or unconventional words With titles(Title or name of a book, film, ship etc.) Use quotation marks around a word or phrase that we want to make “special” in some way.
- 12. Explain or clarify. Indicate plural or singular. Add a personal comment. Define abbreviations Enclose numerals that confirm a written number in a text. Parentheses( )
- 13. Marks omission of letters in contracted words. In time and money In plurals Marks omission of digits in numbers. Apostrophes ’
- 14. Question Mark? Ends a direct question. Use a question mark when a sentence is half statement and half question.
- 15. Exclamation Mark ! To indicate strong feelings or a raised voice in speech. Many interjections need an exclamation mark. A non-question sentence beginning with “what” or “how” is often an exclamation. Informal writing.
- 16. Ellipsis … The three-dot method is used for ellipsis marks. Use no more than three marks whether the omission occurs in the middle of a sentence or between sentences.
- 17. Brackets( ) To add clarification and information. Set off phonetics symbols and transcriptions. To add missing words. To modify a direct quotation For nesting.
- 18. Any Question?
- 19. Thank You