Module 8 - for students.docx

JUDY UY BERNUS, M.ED-.ADM. AND SUPN, MA.ED-TEACHING MATH
Instructor
Mandaue City College Senior High School
Mandaue City, Philippines
Department of Education
CITY OF MANDAUE
MANDAUE CITY COLLEGE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Don Andres Soriano Ave., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines, 6014
Republic of the Philippines
Tel. No: (032) 345-1237  E-mail: mandaueclc@gmail.com
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Vision: “As a learner-centered public institution, Mandaue City College envisions excellence, innovation and success in education to inspire and transform
lives to be responsible citizens and competitive graduates who are assets to the community and society at large and will be prepared for a variety of post-
graduation options.
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
Learning Module
Q2 – W1
SY 2021- 2022

Lesson 8: Review of Related Literature
At the end of this module, the learners ought to:
Learning Outcomes:
A. Discuss the importance of review of related literature;
B. Write appropriate related literature; and
C. Present the written review of related literature and conceptual framework.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
In previous module , Background of Research, the importance of finding information relevant to the
study to be conducted was clearly stated. A research would not be considered valid or reliable without
the readings that would negate or affirm a certain issue or problem. In the review, the related readings
and information, like concepts and theories, are discussed in-depth.
Review of related literature has three parts. Review of legal bases, Review of related literature, and
review of related studies. They were defined in module 5. As it is most difficult to get sources for legal
bases, and since senior high school students are just starting to get the hang of writing, only the review
of related literature and studies will be emphasized in this module.
It is generally referred as “Review of related literature” because literature means any written
material, published or unpublished, that is accessible to people for certain purposes.
The review of literature and studies involves the critiquing and evaluating of what other researchers
have done in relation to the problem to be studied whether these studies affirmed or negate the subject
under study (Faltado, R.,et.al.,2016
SIMPLE RULES IN WRITING A LITERATURE REVIEW
1. Define the topic and audience. Topics must be interesting, important, and current.
2. Search and re-search the literature. Do not limit the readings. There are a lot of available sources, find
them, and be sure to acknowledge their sources.
3. Take notes while reading. There are many ways to take notes. Gathering grid, note cards, to name a
few.
4. Choose the type of review you wish to write. Sometimes, long reviews are not engaging anymore, so
nowadays, many favors short but to the point reviews with limited number of words and citations. It all
depends on the type of review you want to write. You will see the different types of reviews on the
following pages.
5. Keep the review focused but make it of broad interest.
6. Be critical and consistent. Being consistent in your writing will make the study more valid and reliable.
7. Find a logical structure. It must be arranged logically so as not to destroy its implications.

8. Make use of feedback. It is important that somebody else reads the review written so as to avoid
inaccuracies and inconsistencies.
9. Include your own relevant research.
10. Be up-to-date in your review of literature and studies.
What, Where and How to Find Information
First, it is necessary that you list down all the important variables which you need in your study and any
theories which you think can generate your hypothesis.
Second, continue your search for information related to your problem being studied.
Third, check the population you want to include in your study. Theories that have bearing in your study,
appropriate sources where you can find information such as books, documents, and others.
Fourth, know how to write citations. It was already discussed in module 5, Background of Research. It
will be recapitulated in this module for emphasis and mastery.
Fifth, review and synthesize those findings that support or reject your hypothesis or research questions.
Sixth, use on-line computers for searching and retrieval of information.
Seventh, synthesize the reviewed literature. Do not copy everything from your sources or you will be
committing plagiarism. Get only those that have bearing in your study and explain in your own words.
Citation Format. The citation format below, American Psychological Association (APA) will be used in
citing and referencing the research study conducted.
APA Examples of References by Type
In a reference list In-text citation
1. Book with one author King, M. (2000). Wrestling with the angel: A
life of Janet Frame. Auckland, New Zealand: Viking.
(King, 2000) or King (2000)
compares Frame…
2. Books with two authors Dancey, C.P., & Reidy, J. (2004). Statistics
without maths for psychology: Using SPSS for Windows (3rd ed.).
Harlow, England: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
(Dancey & Reidy, 2004) or
Dancey and Reidy (2004)
said…
3. Book with three to five authors Krause, K.-L., Bochner, S., &
Duchesne, S. (2006). Educational psychology for learning and teaching
(2nd ed.). South Melbourne, Vic., Australia: Thomson.
(Krause, Bochner, &
Duchesne, 2006) If used first
time then in subsequent
citations, (Krause et al., 2006)
4. Book or report by a corporate author e.g. organization, association,
government department University of Waikato. (1967). First hall of
residence (Information series No. 3). Hamilton, New Zealand: Author.
(University of Waikato, 1967)
5. Book chapter in edited book Helber, L.E. (1995). Redeveloping
mature resorts for new markets. In M.V. Conlin & T. Baum (Eds.), Island
tourism: Management principles and practice (pp. 105-113).
Chichester, England: John Wiley.
(Helber, 1995) or (Helber
(1995) compares luxury
resorts

6. Conference paper online Bochner, S. (1996, November). Mentoring
in higher education: Issues to be addressed in developing a mentoring
program. Paper presented at the Australian Association for Research in
Education Conference, Singapore. Retrieved from
http://www.aare.edu.au/96pap/bochs96018.tx
(Bochner, 1996) or According
to Bochner (1996)…
7. Course handout/Lecture notes Salter, G. (2007). Lecture 3: SPLS205-
07A [PowerPoint slides]. Hamilton, New Zealand: University of
Waikato.
(Salter, 2007)
8. Film (see Library APA referencing webpage for music and other
media) Zhang, Y. (Producer/Director). (2000). Not one less [Motion
picture]. China: Columbia Pictures.
(Zhang, 2000)
9. Journal article- academic/scholarly (electronic version) with DOI
Hohepa, M., Schofield, G., & Kolt, G. S. (2006). Physical activity: What
do high school students think? Journal of Adolescent Health, 39(3),
328-336. Doi:10.1016/j. jadohealth.2005.12.024
(Hohepa, Schofield, &
Kolt,2006 Then subsequently,
it 3-5 authors (Hohepa et al.,
2006)
10. Journal article- academic/scholarly (electronic version) with no DOI
Harrison, B., & Papa, R. (2005). The development of an indigenous
knowledge program in a New Zealand Maori-language immersion
school. Anthropology and Education Quarterly. 36(1), 57-72. Retrieved
from ProQuest Education Journals database.
(Harrison & Papa, 2005) or
Harrison and Papa(2005)
recommend…
11. Journal article-academic/scholarly (print version) Gibbs, M. (2005).
The right to development and indigenous peoples: Lessons from New
Zealand. World Development, 33(8), 1365-1378.
(Gibbs, 2005) or Gibbs (2005)
contradicts…
12. Journal article-academic/scholarly (Internet only-no print version)
Snell, D., & Hodgetts, D. (n.d). The psychology of heavy metal
communities and white supremacy. Te Kura Kete Aronui, 1. Retrieved
from http://www.waikato.ac.nz/wfass/tkka
(Snell & Hodgetts, n.d.) Or
Snell and Hodgetts (n.d.)
suggest “…” (para.3)
13. Magazine article- popular/trade/general interest Goodwin, D.K.
(2002, February 4). How I caused that story. Time, 159(5), 69.
(Goodwin, 2002) or Goodwin
(2002) defends….
14. Newspaper article- (Print version) Hartevelt, J. (2007, December
20). Boy racers. The Press, p.3.
(Hartevelt, 2007
15. Newspaper article (Database like Newztext Plus) (also see Library
referencing webpage for Internet version.Cumming, G. (2003, April 5).
Cough that shook the world. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from
Newztext Plus database.
) (Cumming, 2003)
16. Newspaper article with no author Report casts shadow on biofuel
crops. (2007, October 16). Waikato Times, p. 21
. (“Report Casts Shadow,”
2007)
17. Personal Communication (letters, telephone conversations, emails,
interviews)
(H.Clarke, personal
communication, March 19,
2004)
18. Thesis-Institutional or personal webpage-outside the US Dewstow,
R. A. (2006). Using the Internet to enhance teaching at the University of
Waikato (Master’s thesis, University of Waikato, Hamilton, New
Zealand). Retrieved from
http://researchcommons.waikato.ac.nz/handle/
10289/2241http://www.waikato.ac.nz/library/study/referencing/styles
/apa/examples accessed from Practica
(Dewstow, 2006) or Dewstow
(2006) identified….

Types of Literature Reviews
1. Argumentative Review -Argumentative Review. It examines literature selectively to support or refute
an argument, deeply imbedded assumption, or philosophical problem already established in the
literature.
2. Integrative Review. It is considered a form of research that reviews, critiques, and synthesizes
representative literature on a topic in an integrated way such that new frameworks and perspectives on
the topic are generated.
3. Historical Review. It is to systematically examine past events to give an account of what has
happened in the past.
4. Methodological Review. A review does not always focus on what someone said but how they came
about (method of analysis).
5. Systematic Review. It is to attain conclusion regarding the chosen topic
6. Theoretical Review. It is to examine the body of theory that has accumulated regarding an issue,
concept, theory, phenomena.
Functions of Review of Related Literature and Studies
1. To provide justification of the study
2. To identify gaps, problems and needs of related studies
3. To provide rationale of the study as well as the reasons of conducting the study
4. To have basis that will be used to support findings of the study
Characteristics of the Materials Cited Sarno (2010) enumerated the different characteristics of the
literature and studies to be cited in the present study as cited by Faltado (2016)
1. The materials must be as recent as possible, may be 10 years back.
2. Materials must be as objective and unbiased as possible.
3. Materials must be relevant to the study.
4. Coherence principle must be observed in writing literature review.

Sample Review of Related Literature and Studies
Reaching the Unreached: A Challenge for Filipino Educators
Helen Bihag-Boholano & Mary Lou C. Go Puco
Education is one of the necessary elements for progress, a means of rising above poverty, bridging
the social gaps, improving living conditions and health, and promoting wellness and a better life. It is
required so that positive contributions to the global community may be addressed. Globalization is seen
by teachers in the effects that it produces by following an economic, business oriented model of the
world that changes the classroom environment (Barron, Odell & Mercier, 2006); however, the various
initiatives have failed to address poverty issues which result in increased dropouts and educational
deficiencies. This oversight is a source of concern since the Philippine Constitution of 1987 expressly
provides for free and compulsory elementary and secondary education. Education for All (EFA)
recommends working with international agencies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund
to devise programs to reduce poverty-related barriers to learning (Goldstein, 2004). These agencies and
opportunities must be utilized to address the issues of education deficiencies related to poverty. In
other words, the benefits of globalization should be employed to overcome some of its challenges,
especially in poverty-stricken areas.
From another perspective, globalization impacts both the numeracy and literacy aspects of
education since reading and math competencies closely determine job opportunities. Sparkes (1999)
posited that the ability to participate effectively in the labor market, and its inverse- unemployment, are
strongly affected by the realization of basic literacy and numeracy skills, adding that this is especially so
in developing countries where the level of education is closely related to unemployment and earnings.
Moreover, as globalization increases the intensity of competition in these areas, fewer jobs are available
to those without these competencies (Bynner & Parsons, 1997; Moser, 1999). In terms of labor market
access, only one in every 50 jobs is open to those without basic entry-level skills and only 50% of jobs
are open to those with skills only at entry level (Moser, 1999). Given the increased availability of human
capital provided by the mobility aspect of globalization, the job market is increasingly competitive and
limited.
Activity I. IDENTIIFICATION. Read each question carefully. Give what is asked. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
_____1. This involves the critiquing and evaluating of what other researchers have done in relation to
the problem to be studied whether these studies affirmed or negate the subject under study.
_____2. This is the label for the bibliography page of the research paper under the APA citation style.
_____3. What does APA stand for?
_____4. We cite sources properly to avoid this offense of the law.

_____5. These are published and unpublished research studies such as thesis, dissertation, and research
proceedings.
_____ 6. This type of review wants to develop a body of literature that establishes opposite perspective.
_____7. This review consists of an overview of existing evidence which uses prespecified and
standardized methods to identify and critically appraise relevant research.
_____8. This review helps to establish what theories already exist, the relationships between them, to
what degree the existing theories have been investigated, and to develop new hypotheses to be tested.
_____9. The body of literature in this review includes all studies that address related or identical
hypotheses or research problems.
_____10. This review is a flowing, dynamic account of past events which involves an interpretation of
these events to recapture the nuances, personalities, and ideas that influenced these events.
Activity 2. Referencing: Write the references below in the correct format. Do this on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Carleton, Lindsay & Robert J. Marzano. Vocabulary Games for the (2010). Classroom. United States of
America: Marzano Research Laboratory.
2. Scazzero, Geri with Peter Scazzero. (2010). The Emotionally Healthy Woman. OMF Literature Inc.
Metro Manila:
3. (2010). Teaching YA Lit through Differentiated Groenke, Susan L. & Lisa Scherff. Instruction. USA:
National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE).
4. Guthrie, John T. (2008). USA: Corwin Press. Engaging Adolescents in Reading.
5. Tovani, Cris. (2000). USA: Stenhouse Publishers. I Read it, But I don’t Get it: Comprehension Strategies
for Adolescent Readers.
Performance Task. Essay. Read the question carefully. Explain what you have understood about the
question in 3-5 sentences. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. Rubrics: Content-10,
Grammar and Mechanics- 5= Total Score: 15 points
How will the review of related literature and conceptual framework help the researcher in conducting
his/her study?

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