modul-f2-science-chapter-1
4 likes4,429 views
1) The sensory organs detect stimuli in the environment. The main senses in humans are sight, touch, smell, taste, and hearing. Each sense is associated with a specific sensory organ. 2) The skin is the sensory organ for touch. It contains receptors that detect changes in pressure, temperature, pain, and other stimuli. The skin has two main layers - the epidermis and dermis. 3) Smell receptors in the nose detect chemicals in inhaled air. The nose has a nasal cavity lined with mucus and smell receptors. When we smell something, sensory cells in the nose send signals to the brain.
![1.1 SENSORY ORGANS
Sensory Organs, Senses and Stimuli (pg. 3-4, 103)
1) Stimuli is _____________________________________________________________
Examples of stimuli are __________________________________________________
2) Sensory Organs is ______________________________________________________
Senses in
humans [pg. 3]
3) Relation between sensory organs, stimuli and senses in human beings.
Sensory Organs Stimulus/stimuli detected Sense
T
E SENSE OF SIGHT
E SOUND
N
S SENSE OF TOUCH
Response to stimuli (pg. 4)
4) Response is [pg. 103] __________________________________________________________
5) Receptors are [pg. 103]_________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
6) Nerve impulse are [pg. 102]______________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
7) Effectors are [pg. 4] ___________________________________________________________
8) Common pathway on detecting a stimulus and producing a response in human beings:
Nerve impulse
Nerve impulse
Stimulus
Brain
Nerve impulse
Response Nerve impulse
2](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-2-320.jpg)
![1.2 SENSE OF TOUCH (pg. 5-7)
1) The skin is the sensory organ for touch.
2) The skin can detect changes in ______________________________________________________
3) The skin consists of two main layers, the _____________________ and the __________________
4) The epidermis is ________________________________________________________________
5) The dermis _____________________________________________________________________
6)
7)
The skin has special receptors to detect each of these stimuli (pg. 6)
Receptors in the skin Type of stimuli detected
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
8) When the _____________ in the skin ___________________, they send _______________ along
the ________ to the brain. __________ interprets the impulses as the _______________________.
9) Sensitivity of the skin (pg. 7)
The sensitivity of the skin depends on ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________.
HOMEWORK : PLEASE DO CHECKPOINT 1.1[pg. 5] & 1.2 [pg. 8 ]
PMR3. Which of the following
PRACTICE! 2. The sensory receptors 1. Which of the following
sensory organs detect that are not present in substances cannot be
chemical stimuli? the skin are the detected by the receptors
A The eye and the ears A Heat receptors on the tongue?
B The ears and the nose B Pressure receptors A Salt
C The eyes and the tongue C Touch receptors B Sugar 3
D The nose and the tongue D Sweat receptors C Chili
D Vinegar](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-3-320.jpg)
![1.3 SENSE OF SMELL [pg. 8]
1) Cross section of the human nose:
Nerve to the brain
Layer of mucus
2) The two holes in our nose, called ____________, open into a hollow space called the
_________________.
3) The nasal cavity is lined with mucous. The mucous lining ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
4) The roof of the nasal cavity has many ____________________________________ to detect smell.
5) How smells are detected:
a. When air is breathe in ______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
6) If we smell something for a long time, the sensory cells __________________________________
________________________________________. The sensitivity to smell varies with individuals.
7) Smell pathway from stimulus to the brain.
Chemicals in
Brain
the air
HOMEWORK : PLEASE DO CHECKPOINT 1.3 [pg. 9]
PMR PRACTICE!
6. Why does a person with 5. The mucous layer in the
a cold find his food walls of the nasal cavity
tasteless? A Contains the smell
A He is too tired and sleepy. receptors
B His medicine causes this B Dissolves the chemicals
side effect that carry the smell
C His sense of sight is C Transmits the impulses to
effected by his cold 4. The part labeled as P is the brain
D His sense of smell is the D Blocks the flow of air in
affected by his cold. The A Nostril the nasal cavity
B Mucous layer 4
sense of smell helps the
sense of taste. C Nasal cavity
D Nerve](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-4-320.jpg)
![1.4 SENSE OF TASTE [pg. 9-11]
1) The sensory organ for taste is the ____________________
2) Our tongue can detect four basic tastes: _______________________________________________
3) Different areas of the tongue are _____________________________________________________
4) Our tongue is lined with __________________ which contains many _______________________
5) Label the taste areas on the tongue:
Taste pore
Epithelial
pore
6) Our ___________________ improves our ______________________
7) As we chew, ____________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
These chemicals _________________________________________________________________
8) Taste pathway from the stimulus to the brain:
Chemicals in
Brain
the food
9) Do you notice that food is tasteless when you have a cold? [pg. 11]
This is because smell from the food _________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
7. An accident victim has lost his
sense of smell. He is unable to
PMR PRACTICE! determine the taste of the food
he eats because
A The nostrils do not have a mucous
lining
B The sense of smell improves the
sense of taste
C The taste buds are destroyed
8. D The nerve connecting the taste
Sea Ice Lime juice buds to the brain is damaged
water cream
A P Q S
B P Q R 5
C Q P R
D S Q P](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-5-320.jpg)
![1.5 SENSE OF HEARING [pg. 12-14]
1) The _____ is the sensory organ of _______________________
2) Most of the ear are situated in the ________________________
3) Each part of the ear carries out a specific function. What are their functions?
(i)
Label Name of the part Function
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
4)
6](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-6-320.jpg)
![1.6 SENSE OF SIGHT [pg. 14-18]
1) The sense of sight is very important to us. We can obtain a lot of information about an object
with just a glance at it – its ______________, ________________, _________________ and
colour.
2) The ______ are the sensory organ of sight. They are sensitive to light.
3) Each eye is a ________________
4) The eyelid, a ________________________________________
5) The eyeball is held in _________________________________
6) The wall of the eyeball is made up of three layers: _________, ___________, and the
__________
7)
(n) (m)
8
(o)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-8-320.jpg)
![9) Complete the flow chart below to show the path of light from the cornea in the eye to the brain.
Cornea
Brain
HOMEWORK : Describe how our eyes work? [pg.18]
PMR PRACTICE!
no. 11 and 12
1.7 LIGHT AND SIGHT [pg. 19- 26]
‘PROPERTIES OF LIGHT’
(a) Light is form of energy
(b) Light travels in a straight line
(c) Light reflects
(d) Light refracts
10](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-10-320.jpg)
![c) This is either because ___________________ c) This is either because ___________________
_____________________________________ _____________________________________
Can be corrected by using ______________ lens Can be corrected by using ______________ lens
ASTIGMATISM
a) Caused by _________________________________________________________________________
b) Corrected by _______________________________________________________________________
BLIND SPOT
a) When images fall on the ______________. They ___________________________
b) Caused by there are no _________________________
c) Activities 1.12 B [pg. 24]
i. Follow the instruction in textbook pg. 24
ii. Write down your observation:
Observation :
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
OPTICAL ILLUSIONS
a) The limitation of the sense of sight where the brain
cannot interpret accurately what is actually seen by the eye.
13](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-13-320.jpg)
![b)
c) PMR PRACTICE! : no. 16
STEREOSCOPIC AND MONOCULAR VISION [pg. 25]
14](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-14-320.jpg)
![The various devices used to overcome the limitation of sight include: [pg. 25]
i) _____________________________ v) ________________________________
ii) _________________________ vi) ________________________________
iii) __________________________ vii) ________________________________
iv) _____________________________ viii) ________________________________
PMR PRACTICE! No. 17 and 18.
1.8 SOUND AND HEARING [pg. 27- 31]
16](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-16-320.jpg)
![_______________________________________________________________________________
13) In such cases, ___________________________________________________________________
14) This type of hearing loss cannot be __________________________________________________
LIMITATIONS OF HEARING
1) Our ear can only detect sounds between _____________________________
2) As we grow older, ______________________________________________
3) There is also a limit to how far our ear is able to her sound from a distance. We
cannot_________________________________________________________________________
4) We can overcome the limitations using devices such as _____________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
STEREOPHONIC HEARING
1) Stereophonic hearing is _______________________________________________________________
2) Stereophonic hearing enable us to ______________________________________________________
PMR PRACTICE! No. 19
1.9 STIMULI AND RESPONSES IN PLANTS [pg. 32-35]
18](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/25502836-modul-f2-science-chapter-1-110111213136-phpapp01/85/modul-f2-science-chapter-1-18-320.jpg)
modul-f2-science-chapter-1
- 1. 1
- 2. 1.1 SENSORY ORGANS Sensory Organs, Senses and Stimuli (pg. 3-4, 103) 1) Stimuli is _____________________________________________________________ Examples of stimuli are __________________________________________________ 2) Sensory Organs is ______________________________________________________ Senses in humans [pg. 3] 3) Relation between sensory organs, stimuli and senses in human beings. Sensory Organs Stimulus/stimuli detected Sense T E SENSE OF SIGHT E SOUND N S SENSE OF TOUCH Response to stimuli (pg. 4) 4) Response is [pg. 103] __________________________________________________________ 5) Receptors are [pg. 103]_________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 6) Nerve impulse are [pg. 102]______________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 7) Effectors are [pg. 4] ___________________________________________________________ 8) Common pathway on detecting a stimulus and producing a response in human beings: Nerve impulse Nerve impulse Stimulus Brain Nerve impulse Response Nerve impulse 2
- 3. 1.2 SENSE OF TOUCH (pg. 5-7) 1) The skin is the sensory organ for touch. 2) The skin can detect changes in ______________________________________________________ 3) The skin consists of two main layers, the _____________________ and the __________________ 4) The epidermis is ________________________________________________________________ 5) The dermis _____________________________________________________________________ 6) 7) The skin has special receptors to detect each of these stimuli (pg. 6) Receptors in the skin Type of stimuli detected a) b) c) d) e) 8) When the _____________ in the skin ___________________, they send _______________ along the ________ to the brain. __________ interprets the impulses as the _______________________. 9) Sensitivity of the skin (pg. 7) The sensitivity of the skin depends on ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________. HOMEWORK : PLEASE DO CHECKPOINT 1.1[pg. 5] & 1.2 [pg. 8 ] PMR3. Which of the following PRACTICE! 2. The sensory receptors 1. Which of the following sensory organs detect that are not present in substances cannot be chemical stimuli? the skin are the detected by the receptors A The eye and the ears A Heat receptors on the tongue? B The ears and the nose B Pressure receptors A Salt C The eyes and the tongue C Touch receptors B Sugar 3 D The nose and the tongue D Sweat receptors C Chili D Vinegar
- 4. 1.3 SENSE OF SMELL [pg. 8] 1) Cross section of the human nose: Nerve to the brain Layer of mucus 2) The two holes in our nose, called ____________, open into a hollow space called the _________________. 3) The nasal cavity is lined with mucous. The mucous lining ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 4) The roof of the nasal cavity has many ____________________________________ to detect smell. 5) How smells are detected: a. When air is breathe in ______________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6) If we smell something for a long time, the sensory cells __________________________________ ________________________________________. The sensitivity to smell varies with individuals. 7) Smell pathway from stimulus to the brain. Chemicals in Brain the air HOMEWORK : PLEASE DO CHECKPOINT 1.3 [pg. 9] PMR PRACTICE! 6. Why does a person with 5. The mucous layer in the a cold find his food walls of the nasal cavity tasteless? A Contains the smell A He is too tired and sleepy. receptors B His medicine causes this B Dissolves the chemicals side effect that carry the smell C His sense of sight is C Transmits the impulses to effected by his cold 4. The part labeled as P is the brain D His sense of smell is the D Blocks the flow of air in affected by his cold. The A Nostril the nasal cavity B Mucous layer 4 sense of smell helps the sense of taste. C Nasal cavity D Nerve
- 5. 1.4 SENSE OF TASTE [pg. 9-11] 1) The sensory organ for taste is the ____________________ 2) Our tongue can detect four basic tastes: _______________________________________________ 3) Different areas of the tongue are _____________________________________________________ 4) Our tongue is lined with __________________ which contains many _______________________ 5) Label the taste areas on the tongue: Taste pore Epithelial pore 6) Our ___________________ improves our ______________________ 7) As we chew, ____________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ These chemicals _________________________________________________________________ 8) Taste pathway from the stimulus to the brain: Chemicals in Brain the food 9) Do you notice that food is tasteless when you have a cold? [pg. 11] This is because smell from the food _________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 7. An accident victim has lost his sense of smell. He is unable to PMR PRACTICE! determine the taste of the food he eats because A The nostrils do not have a mucous lining B The sense of smell improves the sense of taste C The taste buds are destroyed 8. D The nerve connecting the taste Sea Ice Lime juice buds to the brain is damaged water cream A P Q S B P Q R 5 C Q P R D S Q P
- 6. 1.5 SENSE OF HEARING [pg. 12-14] 1) The _____ is the sensory organ of _______________________ 2) Most of the ear are situated in the ________________________ 3) Each part of the ear carries out a specific function. What are their functions? (i) Label Name of the part Function (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) 4) 6
- 7. HOW DO WE HEAR? Ear Pinna Brain PMR PRACTICE! 9) & 10) 7
- 8. 1.6 SENSE OF SIGHT [pg. 14-18] 1) The sense of sight is very important to us. We can obtain a lot of information about an object with just a glance at it – its ______________, ________________, _________________ and colour. 2) The ______ are the sensory organ of sight. They are sensitive to light. 3) Each eye is a ________________ 4) The eyelid, a ________________________________________ 5) The eyeball is held in _________________________________ 6) The wall of the eyeball is made up of three layers: _________, ___________, and the __________ 7) (n) (m) 8 (o)
- 9. 8) State the function of each part of the structure of human eye. Structure Function Retina Choroid Sclera Iris Ciliary body Lens Optic nerve Conjunctiva Cornea Aqueous humour Vitreous humour Suspensory ligaments Yellow spot Blind spot Pupil 9
- 10. 9) Complete the flow chart below to show the path of light from the cornea in the eye to the brain. Cornea Brain HOMEWORK : Describe how our eyes work? [pg.18] PMR PRACTICE! no. 11 and 12 1.7 LIGHT AND SIGHT [pg. 19- 26] ‘PROPERTIES OF LIGHT’ (a) Light is form of energy (b) Light travels in a straight line (c) Light reflects (d) Light refracts 10
- 11. REFLECTION OF LIGHT 1) Reflection of light occurs __________________________________________________________ 2) 3) EXAMPLES: a. 4) EXERCISES: a) normal b) normal incident incident incident incident ray ray ray ray 60o 45o Angle of incidence: ________ Angle of incidence: ________ Angle of reflection: ________ Angle of reflection: ________ REFRACTION OF LIGHT 1) Refraction of light is the bending _________________________________________________ 2) 11
- 12. 3) Light is refracted __________ the normal when light travels from a medium of low density to a medium of high density. 4) Light is refracted __________ from the normal when light travels from a medium of high density to a medium of low density. 5) PMR PRACTICE! : no. 13, 14 and 15 DOA AGAR BERJAYA DLM PELAJARAN DAN MENGEJAR CITA-CITA: “Ya Tuhan kami! Kurniakanlah kami rahmat dari sisiMu, dan sediakanlah petunjuk untuk kami dalam menyelesaikan urusan kami.” DEFECTS OF VISION AND CORRECTIVE MEASURES LONG-SIGHTEDNESS SHORT-SIGHTEDNESS a) Person can see _________________________ a) Person can see _________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ b) Light from ____________________________ b) Light from ____________________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ 12
- 13. c) This is either because ___________________ c) This is either because ___________________ _____________________________________ _____________________________________ Can be corrected by using ______________ lens Can be corrected by using ______________ lens ASTIGMATISM a) Caused by _________________________________________________________________________ b) Corrected by _______________________________________________________________________ BLIND SPOT a) When images fall on the ______________. They ___________________________ b) Caused by there are no _________________________ c) Activities 1.12 B [pg. 24] i. Follow the instruction in textbook pg. 24 ii. Write down your observation: Observation : ______________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________ OPTICAL ILLUSIONS a) The limitation of the sense of sight where the brain cannot interpret accurately what is actually seen by the eye. 13
- 14. b) c) PMR PRACTICE! : no. 16 STEREOSCOPIC AND MONOCULAR VISION [pg. 25] 14
- 15. STEREOSCOPIC VISION MONOCULAR VISION Uses eye to look at object Eyes located Field of vision overlapping Stimate distance Advantages EXERCISE: Based on the animal pictures below, state the type of vision these animals have. Type of vision: ________________ Type of vision: _______________ Type of vision: ________________ Type of vision: ______________ DEVICES USED TO OVERCOME THE LIMITATIONS OF SIGHT 15
- 16. The various devices used to overcome the limitation of sight include: [pg. 25] i) _____________________________ v) ________________________________ ii) _________________________ vi) ________________________________ iii) __________________________ vii) ________________________________ iv) _____________________________ viii) ________________________________ PMR PRACTICE! No. 17 and 18. 1.8 SOUND AND HEARING [pg. 27- 31] 16
- 17. 1) Sound are produced by ________________________ 2) Sound needs a ___________ to travel. 3) Sound can travel through ____________, _____________ and ________________ 4) When sound hits a surface, it can be _______________ or ________________. 5) ____________ and ___________________ like walls are good reflectors of sound. 6) ____________ and ___________________ like curtains are good absorbers of sound. 7) Reflected sound is called an ____________.Echo can be used to: a. Estimate the depth of sea b. Identify the school of fish c. Detect the presence of submarine 8) There are two major types of hearing loss. The first type involves the ________ and ________ ear. 9) It usually results from ____________________________________________________________ 10) The damage is often _____________________________________________________________ 11) The second type involves damage to the __________________ 12) It can be caused by the ____________________________________________________________ 17
- 18. _______________________________________________________________________________ 13) In such cases, ___________________________________________________________________ 14) This type of hearing loss cannot be __________________________________________________ LIMITATIONS OF HEARING 1) Our ear can only detect sounds between _____________________________ 2) As we grow older, ______________________________________________ 3) There is also a limit to how far our ear is able to her sound from a distance. We cannot_________________________________________________________________________ 4) We can overcome the limitations using devices such as _____________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________ STEREOPHONIC HEARING 1) Stereophonic hearing is _______________________________________________________________ 2) Stereophonic hearing enable us to ______________________________________________________ PMR PRACTICE! No. 19 1.9 STIMULI AND RESPONSES IN PLANTS [pg. 32-35] 18
- 19. 1) Tropism is ______________________________________________________________________ 2) When the part of the plant grows towards the stimulus, it is called _________________________ 3) When the part of the plant grows away from the stimulus, it is called _______________________ 4) Tropism responses include: Type of tropism Stimulus Response (+/-) Light Gravity Water Touch Touch PMR PRACTICE! no. 20 19
- 20. 1.10 SUMMARY CHART 20
- 21. 21