Montreal protocol
- 2. The protocol defines measures that Parties must introduce to limit production and consumption of substances that deplete the ozone layer.
- 3. Developed under the management of the United Nations Environment Programme in 1987 Came into force on January 1989 The Montreal Protocol and the Vienna Convention- the framework agreement from which the Protocol was born- were the first global agreements to protect the Earth‟s atmosphere.
- 4. How regulation works All Ozone-depleting substances also known as ODS, do not inflict equal amounts of damage on the ozone layer. Substances containing carbon, fluorine, chlorine, and/or bromine have the highest potential for damage of the ozone layer. They include CFCs and halons. Each controlled chemical is assigned an Ozone-depletion Potential (ODP).
- 5. How regulation works (cont’d) These values are used to calculate an indicator of the damage being inflicted on the ozone layer by each country‟s production and consumption of controlled substances. Consumption is defined as total production plus imports less exports, and therefore excludes recycled substances. The relative ozone depleting effect of production of a controlled ODS is calculated by multiplying its annual production by its ODP.
- 6. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL Countries that were faced with special difficulties; such as phase out, financial and technical support; with the Protocol were known as “Article 5” countries. Article 5 countries are countries that consume less than 0.3kg per capita year of controlled substances in a certain base year. Article 5 countries were granted a 10 year period to prepare for phase out which ended in 1999.
- 7. These developing countries, since 1999, have entered the „compliance‟ period in which they will have to achieve specific targets.