MOTIVATION THEORY - Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs,
- 1. MOTIVATION
- 2. 08/06/2024 Motivation 2 A process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained towards attaining a goal. Motivation works best when individual needs are compatible with organizational goals.
- 3. 08/06/2024 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory 3 Needs were categorized as five levels of lower- to higher-order needs. Individuals must satisfy lower-order needs before they can satisfy higher order needs. Satisfied needs will no longer motivate. Motivating a person depends on knowing at what level that person is on the hierarchy. Hierarchy of needs Lower-order (external): physiological, safety Higher-order (internal): social, esteem, self-actualization
- 4. 08/06/2024 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 4
- 5. 08/06/2024 Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 5 1. Physiological needs:A person’s needs for clothing, food, shelter, sleep and other physical requirements. 2. Safety needs : A person’s needs for security and protection from physical and emotional harm.(pension, insurance, job security etc.) 3. Social needs : A person’s needs for affection, belongingness ,acceptance, and friendship. 4. Esteem needs : A person’s needs for internal esteem factors, such as self respect ,autonomy and achievement, and external esteem factors, such as status , recognition and attention. 5. Self-actualization refers to the need for personal growth and development throughout one's life..
- 6. 08/06/2024 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y 6 Theory X It is a negative view of people which assumes that workers have little ambition, dislike work, avoid responsibility. So most persons must be controlled, directed or threatened with punishment for putting their efforts to achieve organizational goals. TheoryY Is a positive view which assumes that workers enjoy work, exercise self- direction, accept responsibility, and like to work.
- 7. 08/06/2024 ALDERFER’S ERG THEORY 7 People are motivated by existence needs, (basic needs), relatedness needs(social and esteem need) and growth needs (self-development) – Clayton Alderfer. One may be motivated by needs on several levels at the same time.
- 8. 08/06/2024 HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY(TWO FACTOR THEORY) 8 Dissatisfiers (Hygiene factors): company policy and administration, supervision, working conditions, interpersonal relations, salary, status, job security and personal life. Satisfiers: achievement, recognition, challenging work, advancement and growth in the job.
- 9. 08/06/2024 VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY OF MOIVATION 9 People will be motivated to do things to reach a goal if they believe in the worth of that goal and if they can see that what they do will help them in achieving it – Victor HVroom. Motivation equal the value on the outcome of effort multiplied by the confidence. M = outcome of effort * confidence
- 10. 08/06/2024 EQUITY THEORY 10 Motivation is influenced by an individual’s subjective judgment about the fairness of the reward he or she gets, relative to the inputs, compared with the rewards of others – J Stacy Adams. (outcomes by a person/ inputs by a person) = (outcomes by another person/ inputs by another person) Inequitable reward == dissatisfaction, reduced output, departure from organization. Equitable reward == continuation at the same level of output. More than equitable reward == hard work, reward discounted.