Motor control and_learning
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This document discusses motor control and learning. It defines motor control as the neural, physical, and behavioral aspects underlying human movement. Learning is described as a relatively permanent change in a person's ability to perform a motor skill as a result of practice and experience. The document then covers various topics related to motor skills including the classification of skills into categories like gross vs fine motor skills, closed vs open skills, and the three stages of motor skill acquisition from cognitive to associative to autonomous.
Motor control and_learning
- 1. MOTOR CONTROL AND LEARNING PRESENTED BY : SITI NUR HAJAR BT MOHD NOOR 227380 KHAIRUNNISA BINTI ZAKARIA @ SHAFIE 227559 NABIHAH BINTI RAMLI 227280 TEH SU MIN 227507 NUR INSYIRAH BINTI NOR HASSHIM 226995 CATHERINE LOW WAN TING 226958 NUR FAIZAH BINTI BAHARIN 228344
- 3. Definition of motor control The neutral, pyhsical & behavioral aspects that underline human movement. Learning – a relatively permanent change in a person’s capability to execute a motor skill as a result of practice @ experience.
- 4. IMPROVING SPORTS SCIENCE KNOWLEDGES =Identifying and assessing motor abilities can allow coach to identify the source of problems difficulties in performing sports science skill =Develop appropriate physical activities to improve performance in a variety of sports science skills involving the same ability =Demonstrate and explain a new motor skill to athlete =Dedicate enough space and equipment for helping athlete to improve their maintenance =Develop creative ways of teaching a new sports skill
- 5. TYPE OF MOTOR SKILLS Motor skills refer to movement patterns and skills in the physical body. divided into three categories; fine motor, gross motor and balance/coordination. Many factors influence motor skill development including birth weight, body build, parenting style, ethnicity, nutrition, personality, social class, and birth order. Fine motor skills involve the smaller muscles of the body, while gross motor skills involve the larger muscles.
- 6. CLASSIFICATION OF MOTOR SKILL 1) Gross and fine motor skill 2) Discrete, continuous and serial skill 3) Open and close skill
- 7. GROSS AND FINE MOTOR SKILL Motor skills involve the function of muscle movements in the entire body. There are two groups of motor skill: -gross motor skill -fine motor skill
- 8. Gross Motor Skill Gross motor skills direct performance of large muscle groups Gross motor skills maneuver large muscle groups coordinating functions for sitting, standing, walking, running, keeping balance and changing positions. Throwing a ball, riding a bike, playing sports, lifting and sitting upright are brief descriptions of large motor movements. Gross motor skills depend upon muscle tone, the contraction of muscles and their strength for positioning movements.
- 9. Fine Motor Skills Fine motor skills coordinate precise, small movements involving the hands, wrists, feet, toes, lips and tongue. Features of fine motor control include handwriting, drawing, grasping objects, cutting and controlling a computer mouse.
- 10. Discrete, continous and serial motor skill
- 11. Discrete skills Movement skills that have a clear beginning and end. If the single skill is to be repeated then it maust start again. Examples include: catching a ball in cricket / rounders
- 12. Continuous skills Movement skills that have no definate beginning or end. The end of one cycle is the beginning of the next. Examples include: running and cycling
- 13. Serial skills Movement skills that have a number of discrete elements that are put together in a definate order to make a movement or sequence. Examples include: gymnastics or trampolining sequence
- 15. Sports skills can be classified as either open or closed motor skills. Skills differ in terms of the... • environment in which the skill is performed • the goal of the skill
- 16. close skill: In sports where an opponents actions play very little or no part in the performance of a skill and skills where the athlete is in almost total control of their performance. The physical environment does not affect closed skills either.
- 18. Open motor skills are; The environment, for example, wind and rain or the terrain can affect the performance of a skill. Skills affected by the environment are known as open skills. They are also found in sports that involve where there is an opposing player or team. Wherever there is an element of unpredictability then the skills can be classified as open.
- 21. 3 STAGES OF MOTOR SKILL ACQUISITION • 1ST STAGE : COGNITIVE SKILL • 2ND STAGE : ASSOCIATIVE SKILL • 3RD STAGE : AUTONOMOUS SKILL
- 22. 1ST STAGE : COGNITIVE SKILL • Develop an overall understanding of the task required (what to do?) • Learner must first set a plan to determine the objective of the skill • Learner needs one or two simple instructions to concentrate on the correct skills • Coaches should be focus on simple fundamental skills • Conceptualisation/generation of clear mental pictures of the task is essential for good movement reproduction • Visual input and trial and error are used to guide the learning (eg: demonstration, video) • May make many errors and few success • Rate of progress :vary from one individual to another (from a few minutes to a much longer period) • Example : Before a child master walking, he/she will must likely look a bit awkward and stumble a few times
- 23. 2ND STAGE : ASSOCIATIVE STAGE • Has determined the most effective way to do the task and to make subtle adjustments in the performance • Emphasis of practice • It is important for the coach to communicate with the learner and give regular feedback on how to refine the skill and aware of their mistakes • Repeated movement will enhance synchronization of mind and muscles • Improvement are more gradual and movements become more consistant • Errors become less frequent • Example : The child taking longer,more controlled steps and allow their arms to relax at their sides.
- 24. 3RD STAGE : AUTONOMOUS SKILL• Most advanced level of skill acquisition • Characterised by the ability to automatically execute the skill • Learner is now properly sequence and perform the task instinctively • Movement are smooth and fast • Learner can think of other things while they perform the skill • It may take a long time to achieve autonomy in all skills with many never reaching it. Improvement come slowly and training needs to well organized and must provide a high level motivation • Example : the child will now be able to walk in a predictable environment