MRP I and MRP II
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The document discusses materials planning and materials requirements planning (MRP). It explains that MRP is a production planning process that takes inputs like the master production schedule and bill of materials to determine requirements and timing for items. MRP helps control inventory levels, assign production priorities, and plan capacity. It generates work orders, purchase orders, and other reports to schedule item production and ordering. Accurate information is important for effective MRP.
MRP I and MRP II
- 1. PRESENTED BY: Rincy Joseph Surbhi Gupta Sugandha Vidge Parana Vijay Dulguun Turbat (69) (71) (80) (110)
- 2. Necessity of Materials Planning Material Planning is necessary • To avoid over ordering on under-ordering of materials. • To reduce unwanted expenses due to last minute ordering. • To reduce capital locked up in excess.
- 3. • Independent Demand: Demand for final products. • Dependent Demand: Demand fort items that are sub assemblies or component parts to be used in production of finished goods.
- 4. • It is a production planning process that starts from the demand for finished products and plans the production step by step of subassemblies and parts. • Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) is a set of techniques that takes the Master Production Schedule and other information from inventory records and product structure records as inputs to determine the requirements and schedule of timing for each item.
- 5. • This inventory management system is appropriate for items that have a dependent demand . • MRP is applicable for industries that offer a variety of finished products where the customer is allowed to choose among many different options. • MRP is most appropriate when the manufacturing environment is complex and uncertain.
- 6. Control inventory levels Assign operating priorities Plan capacity to load the production system
- 7. • Master Production Schedule (MPS) • Bills of materials (BOM) • Inventory status file • Lead time
- 8. • Primary reports 1. Work orders 2. Purchase orders 3. Action notices or rescheduling notices • Secondary reports 1. Exception reports 2. Planning reports 3. Performance Control reports • Inventory transaction
- 9. • A listing of all of the raw materials, parts, subassemblies, and assemblies needed to produce one unit of a product . • BOM Shows way a finished product or parent item is put together from individual components. • Parent item shown at highest level or level zero , Parts that go into parent item are called level 1 components and so on. • Production planners explode BOM to determine the number, due dates, and order dates of subcomponents.
- 10. • Based on actual customer orders and predicted demand. • Indicates when each ordered item will be produced in coming weeks, and in how much quantity. • It is a plan specifying timing and quantity of production for each end item. • MPS inputs come from sales and marketing . • MPS covers about 1-3 months into the future.
- 11. • Detailed information regarding the quantity of each item, available in hand, on order to be released, for use in various time periods. • MRP system using inventory master file is used to determine the quantity of material available for use in a given period. • If sufficient items not available , the system includes the item on the planned order release report . • Also known as Inventory Master File
- 12. • Primary reports 1. Work orders / Planned orders - schedule indicating the amount and timing of future orders. 2. Order Release - Authorization for the execution of planned orders. 3. Action Notices or Rescheduling Notices - which orders are to be released, revised and canceled during the current time period.
- 13. • Secondary Reports 1. Performance control Reports – evaluate system operations . They aid in measuring deviations from plans, and also provide information to assess cost performance. 2. Planning Reports – are useful to forecast future inventory requirements. 3. Exception Reports – these help to find the major discrepancies such as late and overdue orders, excessive scrap rates, reporting errors, etc.
- 14. • Exploding and Offsetting • Gross and Net Requirements • Releasing Orders • Low level Coding and Netting
- 15. • Lead time – it is the time needed to perform the process . It includes order preparation, queuing, processing moving receiving and inspecting time as well as any expected delays. • Exploding the requirements – it is the process of multiplying the requirements by usage quantity of each item and recording the appropriate requirements throughout the product tree. • Offsetting – it is a process of placing the exploded requirements in their proper periods based on lead time.
- 16. • Gross Requirement - Total expected demand of the product. • Net Requirements - Actual amount needed in each time period. Net Requirements = Gross Requirement – available inventory • Planned on hand - Expected inventory on hand at the beginning of each time period. • Planned-order receipts - Quantity expected to received at the beginning of the period • Planned-order releases - Planned amount to order in each time period
- 17. • Releasing an order – means authorization is given to buy the necessary material or to manufacturing of required component. • Scheduled Receipts – are orders placed on manufacturing or on a vendor and represent a commitment to make or buy. • Now, considering Scheduled Receipts, Net Requirement = Gross Requirement – Scheduled Receipts – available inventory
- 18. • Netting – is a process in which any stock on hand is subtracted from the gross requirement determined through explosion, giving the quantity of each item needed to manufacture the required finished products. • Low Level Code – is the lowest level on which a part resides in all bills of material. Low level codes are determined by starting at lowest level of bill of material and working up, recording the level against the part. If part exists on higher level, its existence on the lower level is already recorded.
- 19. • Time buckets - The column in an inventory record that represents a unit of time. It may be in days or weeks. • Action bucket - The current time period. • Action notices - Output from the MRP system identifying the need for an action, to avoid future problem. • Planning Horizon – is the total number of periods in a record.
- 20. • Keep inventory levels to a cost-effective minimum. • Keeps track of inventory that is used. • Tracks the amount of material that is required . • Set safety stock levels for emergencies. • Determine the best lot sizes to fulfill orders. • Set up production times among the separate manufacturing stages. • Plan for future needs of raw
- 21. • Inaccurate information can result in mis-planning , overstock, under-stock, or lack of appropriate resources. • The inaccurate master schedule will provide wrong lengths of time for production . Hence affecting planning. • MRP systems can be costly and time-consuming to set up.
- 23. Manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) is defined as a method for the effective planning of all resources of a manufacturing company. Ideally, it addresses operational planning in units and financial planning . This is not exclusively a software function, but a combination of people skills, dedication to data base accuracy, and computer resources. It is a total company management concept for using human resources which is used more productively.
- 25. • Business Planning • Purchasing • Distribution Requirement Scheduling • Forecasting • Service Requirement Planning • Inventory Control • Capacity Requirement Planning • Order Entry And • Accounting Management • Shop Floor Control • Faster Production Scheduling
- 26. • More efficient use of resources Reduced inventories Less idle time Fewer bottlenecks • Better priority planning Quicker production starts Schedule flexibility
- 27. • Improved customer service Meet delivery dates Improved quality Lower price possibility • Improved employee moral • Better management information
- 28. • Error Due To Poor Information • Use of averages