MS4 File4 "Then and Now" Part2
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Harun al-Rashid was the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, ruling from 786 to 809 and known for a prosperous reign characterized by growth in science, culture, and the arts. He is famously depicted in the tales of 'One Thousand and One Nights' and is remembered for his friendships and patronage towards scholars. Born in 765 in Persia, he died during an expedition in 809, leaving a legacy that impacted literature and history.
MS4 File4 "Then and Now" Part2
- 1. Research and Report Imagine you are a TV quiz show presenter. Do an internet research about Harun Al- Rashid Harun Al Rashid R Caliph Harun Rashid ruled the Muslims from 786 to 809, and his Abbassid reign was marked by scientific, cultural, and religious prosperity. Art and music flourished significantly during his reign. He established a library Bayt al- Hikma. His life and the fabulous court over which he held sway have been the subject of many tales: some are factual but most are believed to be fictitious. The famous, the book of One Thousand and One Nights contained many stories that might have been inspired by Harun’s magnificent court. Name : Harun Al Rashid Date and place of birth: 765 AD Rayy, Persia (Iran) Father: Caliph El Mahdi Mother: Khayzuran, a former slave from Yemen Occupation: Caliph from 786AD to 809 AD Married: Zubayda, his cousin 782 AD Hobbies: reading short stories, listening to music, playing chess His friends: Khalid Al Barmak, Fadl Djaffar, Yahia His pen friend: Charlemagne, King of the Franks. Sent gifts to Charlemagne: silk robes, elephant, chess game, clock Hero of a famous tale: One Thousand and One Nights Habits: walking in the streets of Baghdad in disguise at night Death: died inTus in eastern Persia in 809, during an expedition to restore order thereIt's a collection of Arabic stories; one of them is the story of Aladdin that Disney used to make its movie. ixzz1F5jOu2Ye What is the One Thousand and One Nights? What is a caliph? He is religious and political leader of an Islamic state. An elephant for Charlemagne Caliph El Mahdi
- 2. Biography Writing What is a BIOGRAPHY ? BIO Life GRAPHY Field of study Biography means the study of someone’s life It is simply the history of a lifetime. It narrates the most important facts of someone’s life, his or her childhood, adolescence, military service, wars he or she lived through, educational background, professional life, marriage, children, and most outstanding achievements. Also it tells anecdotes, memories, trips and dearly cherished moments. It is our most precious legacy to the world and mainly to our family. A biography involves a whole life, building a bridge between generations, bringing us close to our grandchildren, great grand children and future generations, planting in their hearts the pride of belonging Biography.com If you are writing a biography, you will need the following Information: Birth informa tion Family informa tion Education Death informa tion Major accompli shments
- 3. Birth informa tion _________________ was born in Full name ___________________________ on place ________________________. date Family informati on ---------------‘s mother was ----------------------- name mother’s name and his / her father was ------------------------ father’s name/job He/She married _____________________ on husband’s/wife’s name ______________________. wedding date Early life / Education When _________was young, he/she was name ------------------------------- character/ personality ______________went to ____________ name university to study __________. He / She graduated subject in ________. date
- 4. What made him / her famous? What did he / she do to become famous? Major Accomplishments thought/ led/ went/ spoke/ helped /wrote /won / helped /fought protested/ taught/ believed/ supported How did his / her accomplishents change the world? Freedom /peace /equality/ fair wages /understanding/ liberty /challenge Prejudice/ justice/ goodwill /inspiration opportunities/ poverty /independence social change charity Death information __________________ died on ___________ Name date ____________ in __________________. Place
- 5. Your task is to write a biography of a famous person. You could write about an author, an athlete, a musician, an artist, a politician, a war hero, a movie star, a designer – or even a relative of yours! Find out as much information as possible about the person you have chosen. Use two or more sources to gather facts and build your biography as follows Paragraph 1: Introduction Write an introduction that really grabs the reader’s attention! What is this person famous for? When was he/she born? Where did he/she grow up? Find out about his/her family background and education. Paragraph2: Adulthood Write something about this person’s life as an adult: marital status, children, career and other facts you find interesting. Paragraph 3: Talents and Accomplishments What talent does he/she have and what are his/her biggest achievements? Has this person had any setbacks in life and how has he/she overcome them? Paragraph 5: Death and Conclusion Write about this person’s death’s date and place According to your opinion, why is it important to learn about this person? What can we learn from this person’s accomplishments?
- 6. Harun al-Rashid became the fifth caliph of the Abbasid dynasty (ruling family) in September 786 at the age of twenty. During his reign the power and prosperity of the dynasty was at its height. Harun al-Rashid was born at Reyy near Tehran, Iran, in 766. He was the third son of the third Abbasid caliph, Mohammed al-Mahdi and his wife Khayzuran, a former slave from Yemen. Harun was raised as a prince in the court at Baghdad, Iran. He married his cousin, Zubayda in 782. Rashid's instructor and aide during his early youth was Yahya ibn Khalid the Barmakid (a powerful Persian family) and for the first seventeen years of his reign, relied to a great extent on his vizier and two of the vizier's sons, al-Fadl and Jafar. One of his closest pen friends was Charlemagne, who was the King of the Franks. Harun was generous with him. To show his friendship, harun sent silk robes, a chess game, a clock and an elephant to Charlemagne. Harun Al Rashid was a man who was very fond of music, science and literature. He gave his protection to many scientists and writers during his reign. What he disliked most was dishonesty. He was the hero of the famous tales called “One Thousand and One Nights”, where Harun Al Rashid is portrayed as a man walking in the streets of Baghdad in disguise at night. Rashid died at Tus in eastern Persia in 809, during an expedition to restore order there.
- 7. *The Italian Leonardo Fibonacci, who was a merchant and also a learned mathematician, introduced Arabic numerals to Western Europe. He was educated in present-day Bejaia, on the North African coast, where his father was a commercial agent. When he returned to Italy, he published a book of mathematics, which he called “The Book of the Abacus” Do you Know ? The Arabs numbered many excellent physicians. Among the best known was Rhazes, who was an alchemist as well as a physician. His most famous book was “The Comprehensive Book” which summed up the medical knowledge of ancient Greeks. The Moslems/ Arabs made important contributions to mathematics. The outstanding Arabic work in this field was the Arithemetic of the Persian Al Khawarizmi (9thcentury), which introduced the number system that we use today. The Arabs called the Arabic numerals the gobar numbers. Al Khawarizmi derived the system of the Arabic numerals from Hindu mathematicians, who worked out the system as early as the 3rd century BC in India. The foremost Arab physis twas Alhazen of Basra, who was borna round 965 and who died around 1038 ?. His chief works were The Treasury of Optics and On the Burning Sphere. His theory of the process of vision, which he developed in his book, marked a definite advance over Euclid and ancient Greek scientists who had taught that the eye sends out rays to the object that is seen. Avicenna was born around 980 and died in 1037. He was both a distinguished philosopher and a famous physician. He was the author of a medical textbook which he called The Canon of Medicine
- 8. Listening and Speaking Aim : Students will be able to cope with interruptions in a conversation Listen for specific information Listen and check (correct oneself) Presentation: 1-What will you do in the following situations? Circle the correct answer A –You can’t hear well what your interlocutor says. You will say B-Could you repeat that, please? B –You make a mistake while speaking to someone. You will C-Say sorry and correct the mistake C –You don’t understand what your interlocutor says. You will say A-Pardon? 2-Listen and circle the letter of the correct answer Go through the coping window with your students before you move to the practice activity in your turn to speak Aim: Students will be able to write a short dialogue simulating the roles of teacher and students A-Hold on ! James has not finished yet. The teacher responds like this because a-James hasn’t waited for his turn to speak. B-3 Now, who can tell me who was Powhattan’s daughter? The teacher uses the word “now” to say that: c-He wants to change the topic of the conversation Coping Window Your Turn to Speak
- 9. Imagine you are a teacher of History and Geography. Conduct a class on the American Indians using the map below and the strategies in the box above Example: You: Which Indian tribe used to live in the southeast of America? Your partner: The Indian tribe which used to live in the southeast of America is The Powhatan. Name of the tribe Region Apache Cherokee Cheyenne Kiowa Dakota Sioux Powhatan Southwest Southeast Great plains South Northwest Southeast Powhatan Indian
- 10. Write it Up Aim : Students will be able to take notes and develop them to write a biography Taking notes is an essential skill because.... 1. Writing down important information helps you to remember it. 2. Reviewing your notes is an essential part of studying for exams. 3. Taking notes helps in identifying -- and then clarifying -- difficult or confusing points. What to include in your notes? 1. The main idea / topic + the secondary ideas / topics being developed. 2. Dates, facts and figures. 3. Repeated information is probably important -- include it in your notes. 4. Examples must be written. 5. Write definitions in your notes exactly as the teacher presented them Techniques for Effective Note-taking 1. Date your notes, number each page. 2. Use the column system: draw a vertical line on the page about 1/3 from the left edge of the paper. Take notes on the right side of the page and leave the left side blank. Later, use the left side to write down key words, phrases and symbols that will help you find important parts of your notes. 3. Use abbreviations and symbols so you can write more information in less time. You must understand abbreviations later! Omitting most vowels is one good way to shorten words. In the left margin, put a * or ! next to important ideas. If you don't understand, write ? in the margin; leave space to fill it in later. 6. Include examples the teacher used to illustrate or clarify concepts. 7. Leave LOTS OF WHITE SPACE. This makes notes easier to read and helps you to find information when you study. When you are listening to your instructor and trying to take notes at the same time, it can be a little bit difficult to write quickly enough. Using symbols in your notes will help you write more quickly;
- 11. Listen to your teacher reading the text about Indians and make notes using the headings in column B. Develop your notes to re-write the story of Pocahontas Date of colonists’ arrival : 1607 Indian tribe : The Powhatan Indian chief: Powhatan What did he look like: Tall, dignified man with a stern face What was he like: cruel to his enemies, love to his daughter His age: 60 Daughter’s name: Pocahontas Her age: 13
- 12. Pocahontas was born in 1595 in what today is known as the state of Virginia, USA. She was an Indian princess. Her father was a powerful and important chief of the Algonquian Indians and his name was Powhatan. Her real name was Matoaka but her nickname was Pocahontas which means playful little girl. She was about 12 years old when she first saw white men. Together with her tribe, Pocahontas watched the colonists build a fort and search for food. She was interested in meeting the white men and she learned some English words. She traded with the colonists and brought messages from her father. The colonists treated the Algonquian Indians badly. Then the Indians stopped helping the white men. Winter came and the colonists did not have enough food and were dying. Pocahontas helped them by bringing food to them. A colonist called John Smith was captured by the Indians. He was brought to chief Powhatan who decided that Smith had to be killed. Pocahontas saved the colonist’s life by putting herself between John Smith and the Indians who were going to kill him. Pocahontas was kidnapped by some white men in 1614. While being captive she converted to Christianity, was baptized Rebecca and got married to John Rolfe who was a colonist. They had a son called Thomas. Because of this marriage there were several years of peace between the Indians and the colonists. Pocahontas, her husband John Rolfe and their son Thomas sailed to England in 1616. The family travelled around England to help raise money to the Virginia colony. In England people were excited to meet a real Indian princess and she was treated very well. She even visited King James and Queen Anne. She was called “Lady Rebecca”. Unfortunately she got very sick. She had contracted small pox. She died in March 1617 at the age of twenty-one and was buried in Gravesend, England.
- 13. Long before the arrival of Europeans on the Canadian prairie (the wide grasslands of what is now called Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba), the First Nations people lived in a harmonious relationship with their natural surroundings. Every item of their culture, from sewing needles to homes was obtained from nature. Their homes were called teepees and were like large tents made from the skins of deer. These people - tribes with names like the Blackfoot, the Peigan and the Blood people - were nomadic, which means that they travelled from place to place following the animals they hunted or the growth of the berries and fruits on the bushes and trees. They had horses, although horses came to North America after escaping from the Spanish explorers who brought them here to explore the areas around Mexico and Texas. Boys and girls were both expert riders. They did not use saddles or reins or stirrups; they rode "bareback". Their clothes were made from deer skins and buffalo skins and decorated with the parts of other animals - tails from squirrels and rabbits, quills from porcupines and the delicate bones of birds These children of nature did not ever have to go to school. They did not have to study to get into a prestigious college, nor did they have to worry about finding a job after graduation. This does not mean their life was easy. The winters were very long and very cold and there were sometimes wars between tribes. There were also the very great dangers involved in the buffalo hunt. Warriors rode at top speed (with no saddle) beside the huge buffalo shooting arrows to bring them down. The chances of a buffalo turning suddenly or of falling off the horse were very great. We must remember that there were also no hospitals in those days. Even so, the young people of the tribes must have enjoyed a very pleasant lifestyle: fishing and gathering berries in summer, hunting in the forests in the early morning, dancing around the fire at night and listening to the old people tell stories and legends from long ago.
- 14. Aim: Students will be able to distinguish between relevant and irrelevant information supposed to be included in a short newspaper article about Martin Luther King Presentation: Invite your students to look at the picture p107 and ask them whether they know any kind of information about MLK African Americans were first brought to Jamestown colony which the British colonists founded in 1607, while the United States did not exist. The slaves came from Africa, which is why black people are called African Americans. History records that the first African came to North America with the French explorer Samuel De Champlain, as an interpreter. African American refers to an American of African descent. Most were brought to America as slaves to work for rich white people who saw them as a cheap source of labour, mainly but not exclusively in the southern states. "On August 20, 1619, a Dutch ship arrived at Jamestown. Twenty captured Africans, who were sold as slaves at Jamestown, were on board. The initial Blacks to arrive were considered indentured servants Reading and Writing Do you know the man on this photo? Try to describe his appearance, especially his skin’s colour and nationality. The man is black. AND What nationality is he? He is African. OR –He’s American, but he descended from African origin. This is an African American man. This is a GREAT man He is When did the Africans come to the Americas?
- 15. 1619 First black slaves taken from Africa to be used as slaves in America. 1793 Invention of the cotton gin calls for more slave labour. 1800 Gabriel Prosser tries to lead a revolt against his slave masters. He is found and hanged. 1852 Influential anti- slavery novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin is published. 1849 Harriet Tubman escapes slavery and becomes a celebrated leader. 1808 Congress bans the importation of slaves from Africa. 1831 Nat Turner, leads the biggest slave revolt in US history. He is captured and hanged 1831 William Garrison begins to publish Liberator which argues for slavery to be abolished.
- 16. 1861 The American Civil War begins. 1863 President Lincoln states that all blacks in the northern states are now free men. 1857 Dred Scott case states that all blacks are not citizens. 1865 The Civil War ends and all slaves throughout America are granted their freedom. 1870 Black men get the right to vote, but treatment of the blacks is still harsh. 1877 Attempts to give blacks basic civil rights in southern states fail. They are outcasts. 1896 Laws passed which allow whites and blacks to be segregated. 1909 The National Association for the Advancement of Coloured People is founded in New York by prominent black and white intellectuals and led by W.E.B. Du Bois. 1920’s The Harlem Renaissance. This literary, artistic, and intellectual movement forwards a new black cultural identity. 1931 Nine black youths are charged with raping two white women. Although the evidence was slim, the southern jury sentenced them to death. 1948 Black men are now allowed to fight alongside white men during war. 1955 Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat in a white-area on a bus. She is arrested. 2008 Barack Obama goes into the history as he becomes America’s first black President. 1968 Black civil rights leader, Martin Luther King, is assassinated in Tennessee. The world is in shock. 1962 James Meredith becomes the first black student to be admitted into Mississippi University. 5,000 soldiers are sent to make sure he is let in to study.
- 17. Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, on January 15, 1929. Martin was a very good student. In college, he studied to become a minister. He studied Mahatma Gandhi, who believed in resistance without violence. He became a pastor at a church in Alabama. In 1955, a woman named Rosa Parks started a boycott that would change Martin's life. Rosa did not offer her seat on the bus to a white woman and she was arrested. For years, Martin protested against the inequality towards the blacks. On August 28, 1963, Martin Luther King Jr. led a march on Washington D.C. and he gave his famous “I Have a Dream” speech. He was given the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. On April 4, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. was murdered at a hotel in Tennessee. He will always be remembered for his work. In 1986, President Ronald Reagan created a national holiday for him. He said that the third Monday of every January would be “Martin Luther King Jr. Day”. Martin Luther King Day Each year on the third Monday of January, schools, federal offices, post offices and banks across America close as they celebrate the birth, the life and the dream of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. MLK day is the 3rd Monday of January, which more or less coincides with MLK’s birthday. (the 15th of January) A few years after MLK’s death, many people wanted to thank him for what he did.
- 18. Read and check Read the notes below and cross out the ones which you won’t use in a short newspaper article about Martin Luther King Day The irrelevant information is the following: d-married Coretta Scott h-baseball fan Why? Because the topic of the article is: Martin Luther King, the political leader not about his private life. Read again the letter of opinion on the previous page and answer the following questions A-The author states his/her opinion in the first sentence of the letter Martin Luther King Junior never starred in a Hollywood film, and he never “killed the bad guys”, but he was my hero. B-The author organises his/her text by: listing and explaining a series of arguments C-To organise his/her ideas, he/she uses the sequencers: first, second, third, finally Read the text on the previous page and find the suitable words Famous= well-known Man of peace He never preached violence against white people who hated the black population in America. peace=/= violence courage=/= afraid hate=/= love
- 19. Write it Out Aim: Students will be able to obtain the biography of Ghandi Mohandas “Mahatma” Gandhi was India’s most important political and spiritual leader. He is honored in India as Father of the Nation. His non- violent protests led to independence for India from the British. His beliefs and actions have inspired civil rights movements across the globe. He is an icon of world peace. His birthday, 2nd October, is commemorated worldwide as the International Day of Non-Violence. Gandhi was born in Gujarat, Western India, in 1869. He grew up surrounded by religious traditions of compassion, vegetarianism, and tolerance for all people. He got married at the age of 13. When he was 19, he went to London to study law. He returned to India to practice as a lawyer but was hampered by British officials, so he accepted a job in South Africa. In South Africa, Gandhi faced discrimination and hardship wherever he went. He was treated as a third-class citizen by white people. This awakened in him questions about social justice and the role of the British in India. He returned to India in 1915, ready to put to work the concept of passive resistance he developed in South Africa. Between 1916 and 1945, Gandhi campaigned tirelessly to set India free from British rule. He started by leading protests against British taxes and landlords, and walked across India encouraging non- cooperation with the British. He was arrested and imprisoned for creating unrest. Gandhi's fame spread all over the nation. He was assassinated in 1948. Two years later, India became an independent republic.
- 20. Albelhamid Ben Badis was born on Wednesday, December 4, 1889 in Constantine and died on April 16, 1940 in the same city. He was an emblematic figure of the Muslim reformist movement in Algeria.. Albelhamid Ben Badis was the son of a family of old urban bourgeoisie, which he claimed the Berber origins dating back to Zirids Muslim dynasty founded in the tenth century by Ibn Bologhine Ziri. Ben Badis grew up in a scholarly and religious household and as a result memorized the Quran at the age of thirteen Ben Badis founded the Association of the Algerian Muslim Scholars in 1931. It is in the monthly al-Shihab that he published from 1925 until his death, his reformist ideas which concerned both the religious and political. Though Abdelhamid Ben Badis didn’t participate in the War of Independence, he was for me the greatest hero of the Algerian Revolution. I hold this opinion for four main reasons. First, he was among the Algerian intellectuals who laid the foundation of the Algerian nation. Second, he lived and worked for independence of Algeria. We are right to celebrate Science Day on April 16th of every year