Multimedia file formats
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The document discusses various file formats for different types of digital media. It describes audio, video, and image file formats. For audio formats, it discusses MP3, WAV, WMA, and Ogg formats. For video formats, it covers AVI, WMV, MOV, and MP4. For images, it summarizes JPG, TIF, GIF, and PNG formats. It provides details on each format such as how they are compressed, supported file extensions and applications, and strengths and limitations.
Multimedia file formats
- 2. A file format is the structure of how information is stored (encoded) in a computer file. File formats are designed to store specific types of information, such as JPEG and TIFF for image or raster data, AI (Adobe Illustrator) for vector data, or PDF for document exchange.
- 3. Uncompressed- files that are not compressed and are capable of having a large file size. Lossless- files that are compressed but doesn’t lose any quality to the file. Lossy- files that lose some quality when being compressed.
- 4. Audio file format Video file format Image file format
- 5. Audio is an electrical or other representation of sound. An audio file format is a file format for storing digital audio data on a computer system. It can be a raw bitstream, but it is usually a container format or an audio data format with defined storage layer.
- 6. 1.MP3- MPEG Audio Layer 3 (AC3) file. MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3) is a standard technology and format for compressing a sound sequence into a very small file (about one-twelfth the size of the original file) while preserving the original level of sound quality when it is played. MP3provides near CD quality audio. It is a lossy compression. 2.WAV- WAV is a file extension for an audio file format created by Microsoft. The WAV file has become a standard PC audio file format for everything from system and game sounds to CD-quality audio. Also referred to as pulse code modulation (PCM) or waveform audio, a WAV file is uncompressed audio. A Wave file also stores information about the file's number of tracks, sample rate, bit depth, and whether it's mono or stereo.
- 7. 3. WMA - Windows Media Audio (.wma) Short for Windows Media Audio, WMA is a Microsoft file format for encoding digital audio files similar to MP3 though can compress files at a higher rate than MP3. WMA files, which use the ".wma" file extension, can be of any size compressed to match many different connection speeds, or bandwidths. 4. Ogg (.ogg) - Ogg is an audio compression format, comparable to other formats used to store and play digital music, but differs in that it is free, open and unpatented. It uses Vorbis, a specific audio compression scheme that's designed to be contained in Ogg.
- 8. Video files are collections of images, audio and other data. The attributes of the video signal include the pixel dimensions, frame rate, audio channels, and more. In addition, there are many different ways to encode and save video data. This page outlines the key characteristics of the video signal, and the file formats used to capture, work with, and deliver that data.
- 9. 1. AVI (Audio Video Interleave) - Developed by Microsoft and introduced to the public in November 1992 as part of its Video for Windows technology, the AVI format is one of the oldest video formats. It is so universally accepted that many people consider it the de facto standard for storing video and audio information on the computer. Due to it’s simple architecture, AVI files are able to run on a number of different systems like Windows, Macintosh, Linux; is also supported by popular web browsers. AVI files stores data that can be encoded in a number of different codec’s, although most commonly with M-JPEG or DivX codecs. This means that all AVI files, while they may look similar on the outside, differ substantially from one another on the inside.
- 10. 2. WMV (Windows Media Video) Developed by Microsoft, WMV was originally designed for web streaming applications, as a competitor to RealVideo, but it can now cater to more specialized content. WMV files are the tiniest video files over the Web, as their file size decreases significantly after compression, which results in poor video quality. However, one advantage of this small file size is that it is probably the only video file format that allows users to upload and share their videos through the e-mail system. Being a Microsoft software, the Windows Media Player is the main application that is used to play WMV files on all Microsoft’s Windows operating systems, but there are also WMV players available for free for the Macintosh operating system.
- 11. 3. MOV (Apple QuickTime Movie) Developed by Apple. Inc, the QuickTime file format is a popular type of video sharing and viewing format amongst Macintosh users, and is often used on the Web, and for saving movie and video files. In recent years, Apple came up with a newer version called QuickTime X, currently available on Mac OS X Snow Leopard, Lion and Mountain Lion. MOV files are most commonly opened via the Apple QuickTime Player for the Macintosh Operating System. However, MOV files are not just limited to being played on Apple computers, as there is a free version of the QuickTime Player available for the Windows Operating System among many other players. Considered one of the best looking file formats, MOV files are of high quality and are usually big in file size.
- 12. 4. MP4 (Moving Pictures Expert Group 4) MP4 is an abbreviated term for MPEG-4 Part 14, a standard developed by the Motion Pictures Expert Group who was responsible for setting industry standards regarding digital audio and video, and is commonly used for sharing video files on the Web. First introduced in 1998, the MPEG-4 video format uses separate compression for audio and video tracks; video is compressed with MPEG-4 or H.264 video encoding; and audio is compressed using AAC compression. The MP4 file format is also another great file sharing format for the Web, MP4 file sizes are relatively small but the quality remains high even after compression. MP4 standard is also becoming more popular than FLV for online video sharing, as it compatible with both online and mobile browsers and also supported by the new HTML5.
- 13. 1. JPG- JPG is the most used image file format. Digital cameras and web pages normally use JPG files - because JPG heroically compresses the data to be very much smaller in the file. However JPG uses lossy compression to accomplish this feat, which is a strong downside. A smaller file, yes, there is nothing like JPG for small, but this is at the cost of image quality. This degree is selectable (with an option setting named JPG Quality), to be lower quality smaller files, or to be higher quality larger files. In general today, JPG is rather unique in this regard, using lossy compression allowing very small files of lower quality, whereas almost any other file type uses lossless compression
- 14. 2. TIF - TIF is which is considered the highest quality format for commercial work. The TIF format is not necessarily any "higher quality" per se (the same RGB image pixels, they are what they are), and most formats other than JPG are lossless too. TIF simply has no JPG artifacts, no additional losses or JPG artifacts to degrade and detract from the original. And TIF is the most versatile, except that web pages don't show TIF files. For other purposes however, TIF does most of anything you might want, from 1-bit to 48-bit color, RGB, CMYK, LAB, or Indexed color. Most any of the "special" file types (for example, camera RAW files, fax files, or multipage documents) are based on TIF format, but with unique proprietary data tags - making these incompatible unless expected by their special software.
- 15. 3. GIF - GIF was designed by CompuServe in the early days of computer 8-bit video, before JPG, for video display at dial up modem speeds. GIF discards all Exif data, and while GIF is fine for video screen purposes, GIF does Not retain printing resolution values. GIF always uses lossless LZW compression, but it is always an indexed color file (1 to 8-bits per pixel). GIF can have a palette of 24-bit colors, but only 256 of them maximum (which colors depend on your image colors).
- 16. 4. PNG - PNG can replace GIF today (web browsers show both), and PNG also offers many options of TIF too (indexed or RGB, 1 to 48-bits, etc). PNG was invented more recently than the others, designed to bypass possible LZW compression patent issues with GIF, and since it was more modern, it offers other options too (RGB color modes, 16 bits, etc). One additional feature of PNG is transparency for 24 bit RGB images. Normally PNG files are a little smaller than LZW compression in TIF or GIF (all of these use lossless compression, of different types), but PNG is slower to read or write. That patent situation has gone away now, but PNG remains excellent lossless compression. Less used than TIF or JPG, but PNG is another good choice for lossless quality work.