Multiplicity and Publishing in Open Annotation (tutorial)
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The document outlines the open annotation data model, specifically focusing on multiplicity and publishing modules. It discusses how the model accommodates multiple bodies and targets, detailing requirements for choice, composite, and list annotations, while also emphasizing the importance of serialization formats like JSON-LD for publishing. Additionally, it mentions embedding resources and the motivations for extending the data model as necessary for community use.
Multiplicity and Publishing in Open Annotation (tutorial)
- 1. Open Annotation Data Model: Multiplicity and Publishing Modules Robert Sanderson azaroth42@gmail.com Los Alamos National Laboratory @azaroth42 Paolo Ciccarese paolo.ciccarese@gmail.com Harvard Medical School @paolociccarese (Community Group Co-Chairs) Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 1
- 2. Multiplicity The Data Model allows for multiple bodies and multiple targets • Easiest: Multiple instances of hasBody, hasTarget • Issue: What are the semantics? Multiples of hasBody/hasTarget: Treated individually Requirements: • Choice: Only one resource needs to be displayed • Composite: All resources are required together, as a set • List: All resources are required together, with order Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 2
- 3. Multiplicity: Choice Choice: Rendering agent should choose one resource to display oa:default: The default resource of the Annotation’s producer oa:item: Another possible resource Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 3
- 4. Multiplicity: Choice Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 4
- 5. Multiplicity: Composite Composite: A set of resources, all of which are required to understand the Annotation correctly Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 5
- 6. Multiplicity: Composite Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 6
- 7. Multiplicity: List Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 7
- 8. Multiplicity: List Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 8
- 9. Publishing Annotations The Data Model is only a model, not a protocol: • Does not specify interactions between client/server • Does not limit additional descriptive features • Does not specify annotation search, retrieval or management Some aspects related to publishing are important: • Serialization of the model • Embedding resources • Including other graphs • Equivalence of resources Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 9
- 10. Publishing: JSON-LD Serialization JSON-LD is the latest RDF serialization: http://json-ld.org/spec/latest/json-ld/ Open Annotation recommends its use over RDF/XML: • Easier for developers • More web application friendly • Looks like JSON (with appropriate context) • So special parser not required • Easy to generate without special libraries RDF/XML and Turtle are also recommended, if content negotiation is supported. Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 10
- 11. Publishing: JSON-LD Context JSON-LD has a Context description which maps JSON object keys to RDF predicates, and assigns namespace prefixes: {“@context”:{ “oa”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa#”, “cnt”: “http://www.w3.org/2011/content#”, “dc”: “http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/”, … “hasBody”: {“@type”:”@id”, “@id”:”oa:hasBody”}, “hasTarget”: {“@type”:”@id”, “@id”:”oa:hasTarget”}, … “chars”: “cnt:chars”, “format”: “dc:format”, “when”: “oa:when” … } } Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 11
- 12. Publishing: JSON-LD Example Reuse of the Context definition makes simple annotations simple: { “@context”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json”, “@type”: “oa:Annotation”, “hasBody”: “http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgg2tpUVbXQ”, ”hasTarget”: ”http://zebu.uoregon.edu/hudf/hudf_300dpi.jpg” } Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 12
- 13. Publishing: JSON-LD Example And complex annotations still (somewhat) readable: { “@context”: “http://www.w3.org/ns/oa-context-20130208.json”, “@id”: “http://www.example.org/annotations/1.json”, “@type”: “oa:Annotation”, “annotatedAt”: “2012-11-10T09:08:07”, “annotatedBy”: { “@id” : “http://www.example.com/people/rsanderson”, “@type”: “foaf:Person”, “mbox”: “rsanderson@example.com”}, “hasBody”: “http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fgg2tpUVbXQ”, … Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 13
- 14. Publishing: JSON-LD Example (cont) ”hasTarget”: { ”@id”: ”urn:uuid:1d823e02-60a1-47ae-bc872081729c”, ”@type”: ”oa:SpecificResource”, ”hasSelector”: { ”@id”: ”urn:uuid:6e353e12-30c2-98a3-39ff2081729c”, ”@type”: ”oa:FragmentSelector”, ”conformsTo”: ”http://www.w3.org/TR/media-frags”, ”value”: ”xywh=10,10,5,5” } ”hasSource”: { ”@id”: ”http://zebu.uoregon.edu/hudf/hudf_300dpi.jpg”, ”@type”: ”dcterms:Image” } } Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 14
- 15. Publishing: Embedding Resources Resources other than the body can benefit from being embedded: • SVG Selector • CSS Style Potentially other resources: • When the resource is offline, and being sent along with the annotation to a publishing server • For preservation • To include the exact representation, perhaps otherwise un- obtainable Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 15
- 16. Publishing: Embedding Resources The Content in RDF specification is reused: Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 16
- 17. Publishing: Embedding Resources Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 17
- 18. Publishing: Embedding RDF Graphs It is useful to embed RDF graphs within the Annotation. Prefer to use Content in RDF approach, but if Trig/Trix is requested: Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 18
- 19. Publishing: Embedding RDF Graphs Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 19
- 20. Publishing: Equivalent Resources Useful to know that Annotations (and other resources) have been duplicated between systems: Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 20
- 21. Publishing: Equivalent Resources Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 21
- 22. Extending Motivations The Data Model defines only a few core Motivations Intent is for communities to extend as necessary: 1. Create a new ConceptScheme (vocabulary/taxonomy) 2. Create a new instance of oa:Motivation 3. Link new instance to at least one existing Motivation if possible 4. Assign labels and other information to describe its use Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 22
- 23. Extending Motivations Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 23
- 24. Extending Motivations Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 24
- 25. Thank You Robert Sanderson azaroth42@gmail.com Los Alamos National Laboratory @azaroth42 Paolo Ciccarese paolo.ciccarese@gmail.com Harvard Medical School @paolociccarese (Community Group Co-Chairs) http://www.flickr.com/photos/hinkeb/5232293964/ http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ http://www.openannotation.org/ Open Annotation Community Group West Coast Open Annotation Rollout http://www.w3.org/community/openannotation/ April 9th 2013, Stanford, CA, USA 25