N A N O T E C H. P P T
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Nanotechnology involves controlling and manipulating matter at the atomic and molecular scale (typically 1-100 nanometers). It can be used to deal with problems across many fields by exploiting properties that emerge at the nanoscale. Some potential applications of nanotechnology include more effective drug delivery systems, new diagnostic tools in medicine, more efficient energy production and storage, and stronger/lighter materials for vehicles and aerospace uses. The document provides examples of current and potential future uses of nanotechnology in fields like medicine, energy, information technology, and heavy industry.
N A N O T E C H. P P T
- 1. BYSURAJ OF EEE(III YEAR)
- 2. WHAT IS NANO TECHNOLOGY? i) Nanotechnology,shortened to "nanotech", is the study of the controlling of matter on an atomic and molecular scale. ii) It is usually measured in nanometer(nm).
- 3. Oftenhailed as a revolutionary new technology, nanotechnologyhas the potential to impact almost every area of society.
- 4. i)At the nanoscale, objects are so small that we can't see them - even with a light microscope. ii)Nanoscientistshave to use tools like scanning tunneling microscopesor atomic force microscopes to observe anything at the nanoscale
- 5. What is needofnanotechnology?i)Nanotechnology can be used todeal with almost all the kinds of basic problems in a very smaller size. ii)There is a principle that smaller sized objects can be held at every place,but bigger objects cannot be used at the fieldsthat are smaller in size than the object. iii)Thus, the benefits of smaller sizes are huge, and nanotechnology deals with technology of smaller sizes..
- 6. PREDICTION OF NANO TECHNOLOGY:In 1965, Gordon Moore, one of the founders of Intel Corporation, made the outstanding prediction that the number of transistors that could be fit in a given area would double every 18 months for the next ten years.
- 7. From the graph, it is observed that the number of transistors used increases ,and his is made possible by nanoTechnology.
- 8. Fields using Nano Technology:1.Medicinei)Diagonistics ii)Drug Delivery iii)Tissue Engineering2.Energyi)Reduction of energy consumption ii)Increasing the efficiency of energy production iii)The use of more user friendly energy systems3.Information and Communication4.Heavy Industriesi)Aerospace ii)Refineries iii)Vehicle manufactures
- 9. 1.Medicinei)The biological and medical research communities have exploited the unique properties of Nanomaterials for various applications ii)Terms such as biomedical nanotechnology, nanobiotechnology, and nanomedicineare used to describe this hybrid field.iii)The size of nanomaterials is similar to that of most biological molecules and structures; therefore, nanomaterials can be useful for both in vivo and in vitro biomedical research and applications.
- 10. i)Diagnostics i)Nanotechnology-on-a-chip is one more dimension of lab-on-a-chip technology.ii)Magnetic nanoparticles, bound to a suitable antibody, are used to label specific molecules, structures or microorganisms. iii)Gold nanoparticles tagged with short segments of DNA can be used for detection of genetic sequence in a sample.
- 11. II.Drugdeliveryi)Nanotechnology has been a boom in medical field by delivering drugs to specific cells using nanoparticles. ii)The overall drug consumption and side-effects can be lowered significantly by depositing the active agent in the morbid region only and in no higher dose than needed..
- 13. III)TISSUE ENGINEERINGi)Nanotechnology can help to reproduce or to repair damaged tissue. ii)“Tissue engineering” makes use of artificially stimulated cell proliferation by using suitable nanomaterial-based scaffolds and growth factors. iii)Tissue engineering might replace today’s conventional treatments like organ transplants or artificial implants. Advanced forms of tissue engineering may lead to life extension.
- 14. 2.Energy:The most advanced nanotechnology projects related to energy are: storage, conversion, manufacturing improvements by reducing materials and process rates, energy saving (by better thermal insulation for example), and enhanced renewable energy sources.
- 15. Reduction of energy consumption:Currently used light bulbs only convert approximately 5% of the electrical energy into light. Nanotechnological approaches like light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or quantum caged atoms (QCAs) could lead to a strong reduction of energy consumption for illumination.
- 16. II)Increasing the efficiency of energy production:i)Today's best solar cells have layers of several different semiconductors stacked together to absorb light at different energies but they still only manage to use 40 percent of the Sun's energy. ii)Commercially available solar cells have much lower efficiencies (15-20%). Nanotechnology could help increase the efficiency of light conversion by using nanostructures with a continuum of bandgaps.
- 17. III) Recycling of batteries i)Because of the relatively low energy density of batteries the operating time is limited and a replacement or recharging is needed. ii)The huge number of spent batteries and accumulators represent a disposal problem. iii)The use of batteries with higher energy content or the use of rechargeable batteries or supercapacitors with higher rate of recharging using nanomaterials could be helpful for the battery disposal problem.
- 19. 3.Information and communicationi)Current high-technology production processes are based on traditional top down strategies, where nanotechnology has already been introduced silently. ii)The critical length scale of integrated circuits is already at the nanoscale (50 nm and below) regarding the gate length of transistors in CPUs or DRAM devices.
- 20. i)Quantum computers. The Quantum computer has quantum bit memory space termed "Qubit" for several computations at the same time. This facility may improve the performance of the older systems.This is made possible with nano technology.
- 21. 3.Heavy IndustryAn inevitable use of nanotechnology will be in heavy industry.I) Aerospacei)Lighter and stronger materials will be of immense use to aircraft manufacturers, leading to increased performance. ii)Spacecraft will also benefit, where weight is a major factor. Nanotechnology would help to reduce the size of equipment and thereby decrease fuel-consumption required to get it airborne.
- 22. iii)Hang gliders may be able to halve their weight while increasing their strength and toughness through the use of nanotech materials.iv)Nanotech is lowering the mass of supercapacitors that will increasingly be used to give power to assistive electrical motors for launching hang gliders off flatland to thermal-chasing altitudes.
- 23. II)RefineriesUsing nanotech applications, refineries producing materials such as steel and aluminiumwill be able to remove any impurities in the materials they create.
- 24. III)Vehicle manufacturersi)Much like aerospace, lighter and stronger materials will be useful for creating vehicles that are both faster and safer. ii)Combustion engines will also benefit from parts that are more hard-wearing and more heat-resistant.