Naming acids
8 likes1,573 views
The document discusses naming acids. It divides acids into binary and oxyacids. Binary acids contain two elements, while oxyacids contain three elements including oxygen. Oxyacids are named based on their "-ate" ion, with variations indicating one more, one less, or two less oxygen atoms than the reference "-ic" acid. Common "-ate" ions include sulfate, nitrate, chlorate, and phosphate.
Naming acids
- 1. Naming Acids Acids are divided into two groups: Binary and Oxyacids. Binary acids consist of two elements. Oxyacids consist of 3 elements, one of which is oxygen. 1. NAMING BINARY ACIDS: The name of the binary acid consists of two words. The first word has three parts: the “hydro” prefix the root of the nonmetal element the “ic” ending The second word is always “acid” Examples: HCl = hydro chlor ic acid = hydrochloric acid HBr = hydro brom ic acid = hydrobromic acid HF = hydro fluor ic acid = hydrofluoric acid 2. NAMING OXYACIDS: These are more difficult to name because these acids have hydrogen, a nonmetal, and may have varying numbers of oxygen atoms. For example, H2SO5, H2SO4, H2SO3, and H2SO2 are all acids. How do we name them? To begin, we need a point of reference. Our reference point is this: The “ate” ions (sulfate, nitrate, etc) make the “ic” acids (sulfuric acid, nitric acid) Examples: SO4 2- = sulfate ion H2SO4 = sulfuric acid NO3 - = nitrate ion HNO3 = nitric acid Once we have our point of reference, the acid with one more oxygen than the -ic acid is called the per-_________-ic acid. The acid with one less oxygen then the -ic acid is called the ___________-ous acid. If the acid has one less oxygen than the -ous acid, it is called the hypo-____________-ous acid. Examples: H2SO5 = persulfuric acid HNO4 = pernitric acid H2SO4 = sulfuric acid HNO3 = nitric acid H2SO3 = sulfurous acid HNO2 = nitrous acid H2SO2 = hyposulfurous acid HNO = hyponitrous acid The KEY: All you really need to know are the “ate” ions. After that, you can use the above scheme to name any oxyacid. To refresh your memory, here are some of the common “ate” ions: sulfate = SO4 2- nitrate = NO3 - chlorate = ClO3 - bromate = BrO3 - phosphate = PO4 3- carbonate = CO3 2-
- 2. Naming Acids - Problems Name these binary acids: HF____________________________ HCl___________________________ H2S___________________________ HBr___________________________ HI_____________________________ Name these oxyacids: H2CO4_______________________________________ H2CO3_______________________________________ H2CO2_______________________________________ H2CO _______________________________________ HClO4_______________________________________ HClO3_______________________________________ HClO2_______________________________________ HClO _______________________________________ H3PO5_______________________________________ H3PO4_______________________________________ H3PO3_______________________________________ H3PO2_______________________________________ Write the formulas for these acids (they may or may not actually exist!): perbromic acid____________________________________ nitrous acid_______________________________________ hypobromous acid_________________________________ chromic acid______________________________________ chromous acid_____________________________________ pernitric acid______________________________________ sulfurous acid_____________________________________ perchromic acid____________________________________