Nanoparticles and sensors applications
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Nanoparticles between 1-100 nanometers are used in sensors due to their optical properties. Silver nanoparticles are commonly used due to higher extinction coefficient and biological properties. Nanoparticle sensors can detect biological, chemical, or surgical information on a microscopic level due to their small size. They interact with light and exhibit surface plasmon resonance, enhancing local electromagnetic fields. Nanoparticle sensors have applications in medicine, national security, aerospace, and more. Challenges remain in reducing costs, improving reliability, and mass production.
Nanoparticles and sensors applications
- 1. Nanoparticles for sensorapplication Presented by: Meenakshi Khatkar Roll no. 180000701029 M.Sc. Chemistry 3rd sem. 1
- 2. Contents: Introduction Nanoparticle as sensors Surface plasmon property Application of nanosensors Biosensors Military/National security Aerospace Future Challenges References 2
- 3. Introduction: Nanoparticles are the particles between 1 and 100 nanometers in size. The metal nanoparticles mainly silver nanoparticles are used over gold nanoparticles due to some good optical properties. Silver nanoparticles exhibits higher extinction coefficient, sharper extinction bands, high electrical conductivity and biological properties 3
- 4. Nanoparticle as sensors: Any biological, chemical or surgical sensor point to detect information about nanoparticle on the microscopic level. Why use nanotechnology for sensing? Smaller size Reduce power consumption Increase sensitivity Direct detection 4
- 5. Surface plasmon: The metal nanoparticles displays unique optical properties. They exhibit strong extinction bands in visible spectrum, and therefore bright and gaudy colours.The interaction of the electromagnetic field of light with metal nanoparticles, results in the collective coherent oscillation of the metal conduction electrons with respect to the nanoparticle positive lattice. At particular frequency of light this process is resonant, LSPR. LSPR enhanced local electromagnetic field near the surface of nanoparticle. LSPR condition is satisfied at visible light frequencies. 5
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- 7. Types of sensors on basis of plasmonic properties: The two main groups sensors depend on the type of interaction involved First group sensors involved LSPR frequency shift, due to the interaction between nanoparticle and target molecule. The 2nd group of sensors based on the electromagnetic field enhancement in the vicinity of metal nanoparticle, which results in the surface enhanced spectroscopies, such as SERS and MEF. 7
- 8. Application of nanosensors: In medicine National security Aerospace Integrated circuits Communication Transportation 8
- 9. Biosensors Biosensors are the detection devices using biological elements ti detect chemicals and biologics in body. Biosensors are used in 1. Pregency tests 2. Cancer cell detection 3. Glucose monitoring 4. DNA specific medication 5. Pollution/ air and water filtration 9
- 10. Biosensors: DNA and other biomaterials can be sensed using encoded antibodies on nanobarcode particle. DNA molecule attach to the ends of vertical carbon nanotubes that are grown on a silicon chip. These detect specific types of DNA in an analyte. 10
- 12. Military/National security The SnifferSTAR is a nano- Enabled chemical sensor That is integrated into a Micro unmanned aerial Vehicle. 12 A lightweight, portable chemical detection system Combines a nanomaterial for sample collection and concentration with a MEM based “chemical lab-on-a chip” detector. Most likely to be used in defence and homeland security.
- 13. Aerospace: Nanosensors can pass through membranes and into white blood cells, called lymphocytes, to detect early radiation damage or infection in astronauts. May be able to eventually be administered through the skin every few weeks, avoiding injections or Ivs during space missions. This eliminates the need to draw and test blood. 13
- 14. The future: Could lead to tiny, low power, smart sensors manufactured cheaply in large quantities. Services areas could include: 1. Situ sensing of structural materials. 2. Sensors redundancy in systems. 3. Size and weight constrained structures. -Satellites and space platforms. 14
- 15. Challenges: Reducing the cost of materials and devices Improving reliability Packaging the devices into useful products Mass-producing 15
- 16. Conclusion: Nanoparticles are the particles which has very small sizes in units of nanometers. Nanosensors which are used to detect information about nanoparticles on very small scale. Nanosensors has various application in different field. Nanosensors has many properties which are very useful but still the process to make more efficient and tiny sensors is in progress. 16
- 17. References: S. Agrawal and R. Prajapati , “Nanosensors and their pharmaceutical applications: a review” ; 2012(4) : 1528-1535 Ibrahin khan and Idress khan, “Nanoparticles: properties, applications and toxicities”; 2017(12) : 908-931. Michael Holzinger, Alan le Goff and Serge Cosnier, “Nanoparticles for biosensing applications: a review” ; 2014(2) : 63-67. E.C Dreceden, A.M. Alkilang, X. Huany, C.J. Murphy and M.A. Sayed, “The golden age: gold nanoparticles for biomedicines” ; 2012(41) : 2740-2779. K. Aslan, J. Zhang, J.R. Lakowicz and C.D. Geddes, “Saccharide sensing using gold and silver nanoparticles – a review” ; 2014(4) :319-400. 17
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