Naturalism presentation
- 1. BISNA NARIKKODAN DEPT. OF MALAYALAM P.K.M COLLEGE OF EDUCATION , MADAMPAM
- 2. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHIEF EXPONENTS AIMS OF EDUCATION BASIC PRINCIPLES CURRICULUM METHODN OF TEACHING ROLE OF TEACHER MERITS AND DEMERITS RELEVANCE OF NATURALISM CONCLUSION
- 3. INTRODUCTION * Naturalism is oldest philosophy. * Naturalism as a philosophy of education was developed in the 18 century . * Naturalism is philosophical belief that everything arises from nature. ⁕ It is based on the assumption that nature represent the wholeness of reality. ⁕ Naturalism is a concept that firmly believes that ultimate reality lies in the nature of the matter. ⁕ The whole universe is governed by laws of nature and they are channgeable.s
- 5. Chief exponents Herbert spencer English philosopherbiologist,anthropologist,sociologist ,and prominent classical liberal political theorist. Jean Jacques rousseau Geneven philosopher , writer ,and composer ,leader of the naturalistic movement ,French revolution ,development of modern political and educational thought. Thomas Hobbes English philosopher, scientist, and historian, one of the founders of modern political philosophy and political science.
- 6. Principles of naturalsm Unchanging loss of nature explains all the events and occurrences of the world. Education in accordance with the nature of the child. Man is the highest creature or animal according to the nature . So the essence of the life is animal instinct and does not spirituality Stress on physical environment .
- 7. Cont……….. Universe is a huge machine . Man is also a part of this machine. Reality can be truly analyzed by natural science. The present is the real life, man should try to make this life happy and comfortable.
- 8. Some Basic Principles of Naturalism: 1. Nature is the final reality. All things originated from matter, all are ultimately to be reduced to matter. Matter takes different forms. 2. Mind is the brain functioning and brain is matter. 3. All types of mental activities – imagination, thinking, reasoning etc. are the functions of the brain. 4. The entire universe is governed by the laws of nature which are unchangeable Science reveals the mysteries of nature; hence only that knowledge is true that is derived from science. 5. There is no God or Spirit. Therefore, there is no religion. There are no higher or eternal values. There is no spiritual goal or ideal of human life. Man himself creates values in interaction with the environment in which he is placed.
- 9. Aims and objectives Self expression: Self expression ,not self realization is an important aim of naturalistic education. Self-preservation: Education should help the child in self preservation . It includes self health along with healthy environment. Fullest development: Naturalism believes that the chief aim of education is the fulest development of the child. Survival of the individual : Naturalism believes that the fittest alone should survive . Education must equip the child to struggle to exist.
- 10. Curriculum ……. No rigid curriculum. It believes in science subjects. Study of past experience. Should contain games , sports, physical culture, bilogy , nature study, language etc. Moral education . No place for traditional subject. Drawing.
- 11. Method of teaching It is a results against the old, traditional, bookish system of education – direct experience with the nature. child teaching methods are supported. Learning takes place by doing. Teaching methods are chosen according to age and intelligence of students. Education through senses. Play way method Education according to the nature of the child.
- 12. Role of teacher An observer Able to understand nature of the child Stage setter
- 13. MERITS OF NATURALISM It gives the child a very important place in the educational process. It treats a child as child and not as an adult . the child is good and pure at the terms of birth. It considers nature as the best teacher in whose company the child learns better . It consider individual interests, aptitude, inclination, needs and capacities while structuring the curriculum. It prepares and encourages the child to engage in experimentation, discoveries and inventions It motivates the child to acquire more knowledge in the natural movement.
- 14. Demerits of naturalism Nature centered study makes the child become unsocial with no feeling of social service Naturalism ignores the spiritual world and considers the material world only Naturalism lays stress on solutions for only the present needs and problems of an individual and neglects his future needs and problems. It has failed to prepare the child for the future life. Naturalism advocates unrestricted freedom for the child to develop himself naturally. This is undesirable and harmful to the child. It minimizes the role of the teacher in the educative process. A teacher is an observer, a sympathetic guide and helper in structuring experiences for the child
- 15. Relevance of naturalism Shifting of subject centered curriculum to an experience centered curriculum. Modern life need various experience to be given to the child through co-curricular activities . So that he would be educated and trained to face life squarely and solve all its problems successfully. The child used to be punished severely and kept under the control of the teacher . This strict discipline was discarded because of the influence of naturalism. As a result , now the child enjoys full freedom to learn and do whatever he likes. Thus freedom for the child is the chief contribution of naturalism to modern education. New types of educational institutions have come up in recent years . Institutions like the summer school of AS Neli,Viswabharathi, of Rabindra Nath Tagore Kinder garden school of Froebel, Montessori schools have come into existence as result of the influence of naturalism in education.