Neo classical architecture
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Neoclassical architecture developed between 1850-1900 as a reaction against Rococo ornamentation. It emphasized clean lines and drew inspiration from classical Greek and Roman architecture as well as the works of Andrea Palladio. Key characteristics included symmetrical designs, columns, and an emphasis on planar qualities over sculptural details. Neoclassical styles like Palladianism and the Adam Style spread across Europe and influenced early American architecture known as Federal style.
Neo classical architecture
- 2. NEOCLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE Architectural Style produced by the neoclassical movement Lasted 1850-1900. Reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament In its purest form it is a style principally derived from the architecture of Classical Greece and Rome and the Architecture of the Italian architect Andrea Palladio.
- 3. International movement-Neoclassical ideas in architecture spread quickly throughout Europe. Emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes. Projections and recessions and their effects of light and shade are more flat; sculptural bas- reliefs are flatter and tend to be enframed in friezes, tablets or panels. In form, Neoclassical architecture emphasizes the wall rather than chiaroscuro and maintains separate identities to each of its parts. Clearly articulated individual features – isolated. CHARACTERISTICS
- 4. Neoclassicism in architecture is evocative and picturesque, a recreation of a distant, lost world framed within the Romantic sensibility. Neoclassicism was symptomatic of a desire to return to the perceived "purity" of the arts of Rome Palladian style-influenced architecture is classified as Neoclassical. The Style..
- 5. A Neoclassical building is likely to have some (but not necessarily all) of these features: * Clean, elegant lines * Uncluttered appearance * Free standing columns * Massive buildings * Symmetrical shape * Tall columns that rise the full height of the building * Triangular pediment
- 6. The ideal form that Neoclassical architecture looks at was the temple.Which was represented classical architecture in its purest form. Columns were used to carry the weight of the building's structure. But later they became used as a graphical element. Roof is usually flat and horizontal and often is visible from the ground. Neoclassical architecture style had no domes or towers. Building's facade is flat and long. Often having a screen of free- standing columns. Exterior was built in such ways as to represent classical perfection. Doors and windows were built to represent that perfection. Decorations were reduced to a minimum on outside. There were often gardens around buildings completed in geometric patterns.
- 7. THE CATHEDRAL OF VILNIUS
- 8. GEORGIAN STYLE In Europe, the first phase of Neoclassicism was influenced by the books of the Italian Renaissance architect Andrea Palladio (1508-80). In the second half of the 18th century Robert Adam (1760-1792) first popularized a simpler, purer Neoclassical style based on excavations in Herculaneum and Pompeii. Both Palladian and Adam variations of Neoclassicism are also referred to in terms of the reigning monarch (1760- 1820) as George III, or simply Georgian.
- 9. NEOCLASSICISM IN THE US In the U.S., Neoclassicism (both earlier Palladian and later Adamesque) is referred to as "Colonial" (until the Revolutionary War), and then "Federal" (after the Revolutionary War). The first example of Georgian style in America was the Wren Building (begun in 1695) at the College of William and Mary, and soon after that the Governor's Palace and the Capitol in Williamsburg, Virginia. Another excellent example of the style near Charleston, S. C., is Drayton Hall (1738-42). "Federal" style is Adamesque.
- 10. Giovanni Battista Piranesi (4 October 1720 – 9 November 1778) An Italian artist who was very influential in spreading awareness of Roman classical architecture through his etchings of the ancient buildings of Rome. Between1748-1774 he created a long series of “vedute” (views) of the city which established his fame. Piranesi also devoted himself to the measurement of much of the ancient edifices: this led to the publication of his book Antichità Romane de' tempo della prima Repubblica e dei primi imperatori ("Roman Antiquities of the Time of the First Republic and the First Emperors").
- 11. Italian Renaissance architect. Palladio's work is indebted the Roman architect Vitruvius (The Ten Books on Architecture) and Leon Battista Alberti ( De Re Aedificatoria). He published the first scholarly guide book to classical Rome in 1554. He built churches, town and country houses, public buildings and bridges in Venice and on the Venetian mainland. Andrea Palladio, 1508-1580
- 12. •Often described as the most influential and most copied architect in the Western world. •Inspiration from classical architecture- proportioned, pedimented buildings that became models for stately homes and government buildings in Europe and America. •Palladio's Four Books of Architecture was widely translated, and spread across Europe and the New World. Palladio, La Rotonda ANDREA PALLADIO
- 13. FAÇADE ELEMENTS Palladian window- In Greek Revival style, Palladian windows evolve into rectangular tripartite forms Palladian door-A door topped with a rounded arch and flanked by vertical rectangular areas of fixed glass on each side that are narrower than and usually not as high as the door
- 14. ADAM STYLE (ADAMESQUE) Based on the work of Robert Adam (1728-1792) and his brothers Basically Neoclassical; it also adapted Gothic, Egyptian and Etruscan motifs. His decorative motifs -- medallions, urns, vine scrolls, sphinxes, and tripods -- were taken from Roman art and, as in Roman stucco work, are arranged sparsely within broad, neutral spaces and slender margins. Robert Adam's interior/exterior decorative approach also included the following: Flat grotesque panels Pilasters Elaborate color schemes Delicate painted ornament, including Swags Ribbons
- 15. Interiors by Robert Adam
- 16. ADAMESQUE The style was predominant in England in the late 18th C. and strongly influential in the U.S.A., Russia. and elsewhere. Palladio studied Roman ruins; In the 18th century, Robert Adam would study excavations at Pompeii and Herculaneum and be more influential than Palladio in the development of English Neoclassicism and American Federal style. It was enthusiastically embraced by Americans, who then adapted it to suit their own tastes and circumstances
- 17. PORTLAND PLACE, LONDON STYLE: GEORGIAN / ADAMESQUE The Adam Brothers, Robert and James, originally laid this street out in 1773. Only a few of the original houses remain.
- 18. ELEMENTS entrance. The main door is the principal ornamental feature of theGeorgian facade. #43 fanlight Tuscan columns Six-paneled door ... Traceried side lights Pilaster withComposit e capital Composite capital fanlight
- 20. Parapet: garland s of foliage, the so-called "swags" Rounded Corinth ian columns suppoting entablature Parapet: Garlandsof foliag e Balustrade Sphinx Garlands of folia ge Rusticatedlimesto ne Fanlightand side lightssurround main entrance Rusticated limest one Fanlight Rusticatedlimesto ne Fanlightand side lights Rusticated limest one Fanlight Georgian House Museum - Adamesque style
- 21. NEOCLASSICAL- AMERICA-FEDERAL Palladio's books influenced American architecture in the late 18th century in America, as promoted by Thomas Jefferson. Jefferson's Monticello and the University of Virginia are two examples of Palladian influence. Two examples of early Palladian Georgian buildings are the Governor's Palace (1706-1714) in Williamsburg, Virginia, and Drayton Hall (1738-42) near Charleston, S.C.
- 22. Jefferson was also responsible for the State Capital building at Richmond, Virginia. He had traveled extensively in Europe and was deeply inspired by ancient Roman buildings, especially the Maison Carree in Nimes, France, a well-preserved Roman temple from 16 BCE.
- 23. WREN BUILDING, COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY WILLIAMSBURG, VA. STYLE: COLONIAL (GEORGIAN) The College of William and Mary's Wren Building is the oldest academic structure still in use in America.
- 24. GOVERNOR'S PALACE WILLIAMSBURG, VIRGINIA • Colonial / Georgian s tyleFive bays. • Three floors of about 3,380 square feet each • Row of dormers in the roof • Balustraded deck
- 25. American statesman Thomas Jefferson borrowed Palladian ideas when he designed Monticello, his home in Virginia, in the Greek Revival style. Palladio, La Rotonda Jefferson, Monticello
- 26. END