Networking and internet

Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Dr. Jitender Priyamvada
Roll no- 509
Submitted To:- Submitted By:-
Dr. Jitender Priyamvada
M.phil, 509
Submitted To:-
Dr. Jitender Kumar
Submitted By:-
Priyamvada

Content
 Introduction of computer networking
 Meaning and its types
 Merit and Demerits / role of computer
networking in education
 Internet
 Internet Tools
 Email
 Evaluating Internet resources

Introduction
 We have entered in the era of
communication technology.
The dynamic world today
needs fast communication
channels to move data
frequently from one place to
another. To move data quickly
from one place to another, the
concept of networking has
been introduced. In
networking, the computers in
different parts of the world are
connected to each other to
share data.

Meaning of Computer
Networking
 When a number of computers are connected with
each other in such a way that they can share the
information, the system is called Network. A
network allows computers users to share
computer equipment, programs, messages and
the information.
A network is simply a collection of computers or
other hardware devices that are connected
together, either physically or logically, using
special hardware and software, to allow them to
exchange information and cooperate. Networking
is the term that describes the processes involved
in designing, implementing, upgrading, managing
and otherwise working with networks and network
technologies.

 A network can be defined as two or more computers
connected together in such a way that they can share
resources.
 The purpose of a network is to share resources.
A resource may be:
 A file
 A folder
 A printer
 A disk drive
 Or just about anything else that exists on a
computer.

Importance
To share computer files
To share computer equipment
Connectivity and Communication
Data Sharing
Hardware Sharing
Internet Access
Internet Access Sharing
Data Security and Management
Performance Enhancement and Balancing
Entertainment

Disadvantages
Network Hardware, Software and Setup Costs
Hardware and Software Management and
Administration Costs
Undesirable Sharing
Illegal or Undesirable Behavior
Data Security Concerns

Types Of Computer
Networks
Local Area
Networks
(LAN)
Metropolitan
Area
Networks
(MAN)
Wide Area
Network
(WAN)

Local Area Network
 LAN is a computer network is
relatively smaller and privately
owned network with the maximum
span of 10km. To provide local
connectivity with in a home, office
or group of buildings. For
example, network in an
organization can be a LAN.
 Owned controlled and managed
by a single person and
organization.
 Error rate is LAN is lowest.
 Data transmission speed in LAN
is high.
 LAN’s have a small geographical
range and thus do not need any
leased telecommunication lines.

 Various configurations, called topologies,
have been used to administer LANs
 Ring topology A configuration that connects
all nodes in a closed loop on which messages
travel in one direction
 Star topology A configuration that centers
around one node to which all others are
connected and through which all messages are
sent
 Bus topology All nodes are connected to a
single communication line that carries
messages in both directions

Metropolitan Area Network
(MAN) MAN is defined for less than 50 km.
and provides regional connectivity
typically with in a campus small
geographical area.
 MAN is a computer network covering
area large than LAN.
 Cable TV network is the best
example of MAN.
 Owned, controlled and managed by
one or more organizations.
 Error rate of MAN is moderate.
 Data transmission speed in MAN is
lowest as compared to LAN.
 In MAN, the technologies used for
this purpose are ATM, FDDI and
SMDS (switched multimegabit data
service).
 MAN’s have a large geographical
range and thus need leased
telecommunication lines.

Wide Area Network (WAN)
 WAN provides no limit of distance. A
WAN provides long distance
transmission of data, voice, images
and video information over large
geographical area that may
comprise a country, a continent or
even the whole world.
 For example of WAN is the internet,
a collection of networks linking
millions of computer users on every
continent.
 Data transmission speed is low.
WAN is not easy to design and
maintain.
 WAN operates on the principle of
switching.
 WANs are not owned by any one
organization but rather exist under
collective or distributed ownership
and management.

Peer-to peer network
 A peer-to-peer network is a
network where the
computers act as both
workstations and servers.
 great for small, simple, and
inexpensive networks.
 In a strict peer-to-peer
networking setup, every
computer is an equal, a
peer in the network.
 Each machine can have
resources that are shared
with any other machine.
 There is no assigned role
for any particular device,
and each of the devices
usually runs similar
software. Any device can
and will send requests to
any other.

Client/Server Networking
 In this design, a small number of computers are
designated as centralized servers and given the task
of providing services to a larger number of user
machines called clients.

Internet
The Internet is a global, interconnected computer network in which every computer
connected to it can exchange data with any other connected computer.
The Internet is a network of computers spanning the globe. It is also called the World
Wide Web.
The vast collection of computer networks which form and act as a single huge network
for transport of data and messages across distances which can be anywhere from the
same office to anywhere in the world.

It is the largest network in the world
that connects hundreds of thousands
of individual networks all over the
world.
The popular term for the Internet is
the “information highway”.
Rather than moving through
geographical space, it moves your
ideas and information through
cyberspace – the space of electronic
movement of ideas and information.

Internet Tools
E-mail
Face book
Google
Search
Google Drive Slide Share
Diigo
Web (WWW)
FTB IRC
IOS (iphone
operating
system)
Voice thread
Camtasia Eduglogster
Search
Engine
TELNET

E-mail
“E-mail is text-based mail sent via
the computer from one person to
another.”
“E-mail is an ideal method for
sending documents already on
your computer using attachments.”
“E-mail is a way to communicate
with people as close as your office
or as far away as the other side of
the world.”

 Email users create and send
messages from individual
computers using commercial
programs.
 To send the message, the user
has to specify the addresses.
Messages to more than one
recipient are called broadcasting.
 Send mail electronically via the
Internet
 Requires an account on a mail
server and supporting software
on your PC
 The username and password will
allow you to access your account
 All e-mail programs allow you to
Send, Compose, Reply, and
Forward mail

How E-mail Works
 E-mail serves
exchange
messages using the
SMTP protocol.
 E-mail Addresses
 E-mail Servers
 E-mail Client
Protocols

An email address consists of 3
parts:
priyamvada22saarsar@gmail.com
Unique
User Name
chosen by the
email account
owner
“At”
sign
Domain Name
company/organi
zation
providing the
email service

Advantages of emails
 Emails are easy to use. You can organize your
daily correspondence, send and receive electronic messages and
save them on computers.
 Emails are fast. They are delivered at once around the world. No
other form of written communication is as fast as an email.
 The language used in emails is simple and informal.
 When you reply to an email you can attach the original message
so that when you answer the recipient knows what you are talking
about. This is important if you get hundreds of emails a day.
 It is possible to send automated emails with a certain text. In such
a way it is possible to tell the sender that you are on vacation.
These emails are called auto responders.
 Emails do not use paper. They are environment friendly and save
a lot of trees from being cut down.
 Emails can also have pictures in them. You can send birthday cards
or newsletters as emails.
 Products can be advertised with emails. Companies can reach a lot
of people and inform them in a short time.

Disadvantages of emails
Emails may carry viruses. These are small programs that harm
your computer system. They can read out your email address book
and send themselves to a number of people around the world.
Many people send unwanted emails to others. These are called
spam mails. It takes a lot of time to filter out the unwanted emails
from those that are really important.
Emails cannot really be used for official business documents. They
may be lost and you cannot sign them.
Your mailbox may get flooded with emails after a certain time so
you have to empty it from time to time.

• Facebook is a popular free social networking
website that allows registered users to create
profiles, upload photos and video, send
messages and keep in touch with friends,
family and colleagues. The site, which is
available in 37 different languages, includes
public features such as:
• Marketplace - allows members to post, read
and respond to classified ads.
• Groups - allows members who have common
interests to find each other and interact.
• Events - allows members to publicize an
event, invite guests and track who plans to
attend.
• Pages - allows members to create and
promote a public page built around a specific
topic.
• Presence technology - allows members to see
which contacts are online and chat.
Facebook

WWW (world wide web)
WWW is a set of protocols that allows to access any
document on the internet through the naming system based
on Uniform resource location. It is a mechanism that links
together information stored on many computers.
With a web browser, one can view the pages that may
contains text, images, videos and other multimedia and
navigate between them using hyperlinks.
The world wide web allows spreading of information over
the internet through an easy to use and flexible format.it
thus plays an important role in popularizing use of the
internet.
The WWW was invented in 1989. Users of the internet are
attracted to the WWW because it is very interactive. It
combines text, graphics, sound, animation and moving
pictures making it a rich communication medium.

Glogster
 Glogster is a cloud-based
platform
for presentation and interac
tive learning. It allows users
to mix all kinds of media on
a virtual canvas to create
multimedia posters, and
access a library of engaging
educational content created
by students and educators
worldwide. Glogster
encourages interactive,
collaborative education and
digital literacy.

Camtasia Studio
 Camtasia Studio are software suites, created
and published by TechSmith, for creating video
tutorials and presentations directly via screencast,
or via a direct recording plug-in to Microsoft
PowerPoint. The screen area to be recorded can
be chosen freely, and audio or other multimedia
recordings may be recorded at the same time or
added separately from any other source and
integrated in the Camtasia Studio component of
the product.
 Camtasia Studio v8 for Microsoft Windows
consists of two major components:
 Camtasia Recorder - a separate tool for capturing
screen audio and video
 Camtasia Studio editor - the component for which
the entire product is named, which is now a
multimedia authoring tool with the industry
standard "timeline" interface for managing multiple
clips in a stacked track form plus enhancements
summarized below.

Google Drive
 Google Drive is a personal
cloud storage service from
Google that lets users store
and synchronize digital content
across computers, laptops and
mobile devices, including
Android-powered tablet and
smartphone devices. Support
for Apple devices is provided
via GDrive, the Google Drive
client for iPhone and iPad
devices.

Slide Share
 SlideShare is a Web
2.0 based slide hosting service.
Users can upload files privately
or publicly in the following file
formats: PowerPoint, PDF,
Keynote or
Open
Document presentations. Slide
decks can then be viewed on the
site itself, on hand held devices
or embedded on other sites.

Diigo
 Diigo is a social bookmarking
website that allows signed-
up users to bookmark and tag
Web pages. Additionally, it allows
users to highlight any part of
a webpage and attach sticky
notes to specific highlights or to a
whole page. These annotations
can be kept private, shared with
a group within Diigo, or be
forwarded to someone else via a
special link. The name "Diigo" is
an acronym from "Digest of
Internet Information, Groups and
Other stuff"

Internet Relay Chat
 IRC is a feature on the internet that
lets one instantly communicate with
people around the world. IRC provides
real time communication with others
on the internet. It is a multi-user chat
system with enables many people to
communicate simultaneously over the
internet.
 Internet relay chat consists of real-
time, text-based conversations.
 Chat groups are divided into channels
that cover a specific topic.
 It was developed in 1988 in Finland. It
allows to have chatting with one and
more individual on the internet. It
facilitates to meet people and

Usenet newsgroup
 Usenet, also known as Net
News, is a public network
made up of thousands of
news groups. It enable
ongoing group discussions
to occur by using services
of news servers. It is
“many-to-many”
conversation system.
 Usenet newsgroups are
organized into hierarchies
(categories) and
subcategories.

Internet Telephony
 Internet telephony
consists of real-time
voice and video
conversations.
 A microphone, sound
card, and digital video
camera are required
for
videoconferencing.

Evaluating Internet Resources
 Internet sources must be evaluated to
assure their authenticity and relevance
because Web sites and pages do not go
through the intensive editing processes
that traditional print and visual resources
do.
 Therefore, YOU, the user, must learn to
assess the validity of the sources you use
in your research.
 Don’t be fooled into believing that just
because it’s on the Internet, it’s true. In
essence, don’t believe everything that
you read!
 When you use information sources in your
work, they should be credible and
appropriate for your needs.
 The following criteria provide guidelines for
systematically evaluating sources.

Internet Resources
Purpose
Relevance
Authority
CurrencyAppropriateness
Usability
Accuracy
Objectivity

Purpose:
Why does the information exist?
 What is the purpose of the
information? to inform?
teach? sell? entertain?
persuade?
 Do the authors/sponsors
make their intentions or
purpose clear?
 Is the information fact?
opinion? propaganda?
 Does the point of view
appear objective and
impartial?
 Are there political,
ideological, cultural,
religious, institutional, or
personal biases?

Relevance:
The Importance of the Info to
Your Needs
 Does the information
relate to your topic or
answer your
question?
 Who is the intended
audience?
 Is the information at
an appropriate level
(i.e. not too
elementary or
advanced for your
needs)?
 Have you looked at a
variety of sources
before determining
this is one you will
use?

Authority
 Authority refers to the reliability and
credibility of the source.
 What are the author’s qualifications?
 Is the author or source affiliated with a
reputable organization?
 Is there a contact person listed?
 Is there evidence of quality control?
One good way to assess the credibility of
an authority or web site is to examine the
URL:-
 edu = college or university
 gov = government agency or organization
 org = non-profit organization
 mil = military organization
 com = commercial organization
 info = general information site
 net = network provider

Currency … or timeliness
 Very often, Internet sources offer a
real advantage in that they are often
even more current than traditional
print sources.
 The information can be updated
constantly.
 However, you must be aware that the
dates on an Internet site have various
meanings.
 Date of information - usually indicates
when the material was originally written
 Date of publication - usually indicates
when the material first appeared on the
Web
 Date of last revision or update - usually
indicates the latest revision
 And check the links to make sure that
they are up-do-date!!!

Appropriateness
 Various types of webpages
exist. Examine the purpose of
the site to help you to
determine the appropriateness
for use in your research. Five
types are listed below.
 Advocacy Webpages
 Business/Marketing
Webpages
 Informational Webpages
 News Webpages
 Personal Webpages

Usability
 User friendliness- Is it
easy to find, read,
and use the
information?
 Organization- Is it
logically and clearly
arranged?
 Table of Contents or
Index- Is it labeled
clearly and is it
complete?
 Design- Is it clean,
clear, and
uncluttered?
 Consistency- Are
navigation buttons
the same
throughout?
 Links- Are they clear,
accurate, workable,
valuable?
Usability refers to user friendliness and how
easily the site allows you to retrieve
information. Consider the following criteria:

Accuracy
 Accuracy refers to the
reliability of the
information.
 To examine the quality
of the content on the
site, ask the following
questions:
 Is the information
 Dependable?
 Error-free?
 Documented?
 Accurate?
 Comprehensive?
 Understandable?
Accuracy merely means that the information offered at a
site is correct and supported by other reputable sources.
If a site is inaccurate, its intention may be to mislead you.

Objectivity
 Is there evidence
of bias?
 Is only one side
of an issue
presented?
 Is any
information
purposely
omitted?
 Is there a hidden
message?
 What is the
purpose of the
site? To persuade,
inform, explain,
sell, promote, or
ridicule?
 Can you tell facts
from opinions?
This refers to purpose of the site, evidence
of bias or prejudice, and facts vs. opinion.

Reasonableness
 Reasonableness merely
means that the information,
data, tone, argument and
perspective offered at a site
are judicious and reasonable.
Remember, your goal is to
avoid the odd and
unreasonable world of the
internet.
 Credibility:-
 Credibility merely means that
an author of a web site has
credentials that prove he or
she is knowledgeable in a field.

References
 Jain, Satish: “Introduction to Computer
Science and basic Programming.” BPB
Publications, New Delhi, 1990.
 Rajaraman, V., “Fundamental of Computers”,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1996.
 Saxena, S., “A First Coursein Computers”,
Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi,
1998.
 Sinha, P.K. “Computer Fundamentals: BPB
Publications, New Delhi, 1990.
 Taneenbaum, A.S. “Computer Networks”,
Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 1998

Networking and internet

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