Neuro Linguistic Programming (NLP)-2.pdf
- 2. What is NEURO Linguistic Programming? Neuro… …the way we experience the world through our senses and translate those sensory experiences into thought processes (conscious and unconscious) which in turn activates the neurological system Linguistics… …the way we use language to make sense of the world and then communicate that experience to others Programming… …the way we 'code' (mentally represent) our experience and adopt regular patterns of response
- 5. 8 types of senses
- 7. A. Vision The visual system is responsible for seeing. The primary visual area of the brain is the occipital lobe. Projections are received from the retina (through the thalamus) where different types of information are encoded. Types of visual information include: color, shape, orientation, and motion. From the ventral stream in the occipital lobe information projects to the temporal lobe to process what objects are. From the dorsal stream, information goes to the parietal lobes to process where objects are located.
- 8. B. Auditory The auditory system is responsible for hearing. The primary auditory cortex is located in the superior temporal gyrus of the brain. Specific sound frequencies can be mapped precisely onto the primary auditory cortex. Particular areas in the auditory cortex process changes in sound frequency or amplitude, while other areas process combinations of sound frequencies.
- 9. C. Touch / Tactile The tactile system is responsible for processing touch information from the body. The body sends tactile information to the somatosensory cortex through neural pathways to the spinal cord, the brain stem, and the thalamus. Due to its many connections to other brain areas, the somatosensory cortex is the part of the nervous system that integrates touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
- 10. D. Taste / Gustatory The Gustatory system is responsible for the sense of taste. It allows us to discriminate between safe and harmful foods. Usually, individuals prefer sweet and salty tastes to sour or bitter tastes. Detecting salt is critical to keeping a regulated and stable internal body environment. This taste is perceived positivity because it facilitates re-uptake of water into the blood. Since it helps survival, salt is perceived as a pleasant taste by most humans. Sour taste can be good in small quantities, but when it gets too sour it becomes unpleasant to taste. This has occurred through evolution to protect us from eating over-ripe fruit, rotten meat, and other spoiled foods (dangerous because of bacteria which grow in these environments). The bitter taste is almost completely unpleasant to humans. Sweet taste signals that carbohydrates are present. Carbohydrates have a high calorie count and are desirable (humans in the distant past did not know when their next meal would occur, so they evolved to want/need to eat sweet tastes.) The primary gustatory cortex is located near the somatotopic region for the tongue, in the insular cortex deep in the lateral fissure with the secondary taste areas in the opercula (see figure). This means the location is folded deeply within the cortex within the lateral sulcus between the temporal and frontal lobes.
- 11. E. Vestibular The vestibular system contributes to balance and orientation in space. It is the leading system informing us about movement and position of head relative to gravity. Our movements include two positions rotations and linear directionality. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural parts of the brain that control our eye movements, and that keep us upright.
- 12. F. Proprioceptive Proprioception (sense of muscle and/or joint movements) System The proprioceptive senses the position, location, orientation, and movement of the body muscles and joints. Proprioception provides us with the sense of the relative position of neighboring parts of the body and effort used to move body parts. Proprioception is activated by input to a proprioceptor in the periphery of the body. The proprioceptive sense combines sensory information from neurons in the inner ear (detecting motion and orientation) and in the muscles and the joint-supporting ligaments.
- 13. G. Interoceptive Interoception detects responses that guide regulation, including hunger, heart rate, respiration and elimination. The Interoceptive stimulation is detected through nerve endings lining the respiratory and digestive mucous membranes. Interoception works the vestibular and proprioceptive senses to determine how an individual perceives their own body. Well-modulated interoception helps the individual detect proprioceptive and vestibular sensation normally. For example, if a person feels his/her heart pounding, while it is not comfortable, trauma from the stimulation is not likely; nor will the stimulation be craved. The same is true for hunger and thirst, as well as the feeling of the need to urinate or have a bowel movement. Interoception is associated with autonomic motor control. It creates distinct feelings from the body including pain, temperature, itch, muscular hunger, thirst, and the need for air. In humans, the primary interoceptive activity provides the basis for subjective feelings of ones’ emotional awareness.
- 14. How does it work ? ● Our behaviours are a result of our beliefs combined with our own understanding of reality – our programming. ● Explores the links between neurological processes and language and behaviours learned through experience ● NLP provides structure for change that enables the coach to look behind the content at what actually drives the behaviour ● Seeks to achieve behaviour change by finding the positive connotation of a thought or behaviour
- 15. The four pillars of NLP Sensory acuity… …taking in of information and creating experiences and interactions with others. Being curious and alert to the effect of what you do Behavioural flexibility… …you have choices. By looking at situations from different angles - uncovers more info and gives more choice Rapport… …respecting and accepting others Outcome orientation… …paying attention to what you want not what you don't want
- 17. 1. Dissociation Dissociation is a mental process of disconnecting from one’s thoughts, feelings, memories, or sense of identity. To use this technique to your advantage, identify an emotion that is not welcome (such as fear, anger, sadness, or discomfort) and imagine yourself completely stepping away from this emotion. Look at yourself having this emotion from an outsider’s perspective. This will help you distance yourself from those unpleasant feelings and help your body remain calm. It allows you to ask yourself why you are having this emotion, and what you can do to make space for more positive feelings instead.
- 18. 2. Cognitive Reframing Reframing is the practice of turning negative experiences and situations into positive thoughts. With this technique, you are altering the automatic response your mind gives you when you encounter a tough or unpleasant situation. This helps you to shift your reality to a positive one instead of a negative one. Reframing allows you to really be in control of your own destiny, as you have the power to give meaning to any circumstance. For example, you can reframe feelings of stress before a competition into feelings of excitement. Almost anything negative you hear, you can reframe in a positive manner. Have fun with this technique by experimenting with the different positive responses you can think of in unpleasant situations.
- 19. 3. Anchoring Yourself Anchoring is the process of associating an emotion that you are currently feeling or that you want to feel (happiness, peace, confidence) with a gesture. The idea is that when you apply or perform this gesture again, those blissful feelings will resurface. For example, if you want to feel confident before an interview or presentation, a gesture would be to strike a “power pose” (i.e. puffing up your chest and sitting tall, or doing things that exude confidence in your mind). This gesture you perform puts you in a positive mindset and then acts as an anchor to those feelings of confidence each time you perform it after.
- 20. If we start talking about lemons, their smell, their taste, the colour, the image of you eating one, you will begin to salivate. The image of the lemon is anchored in yourself. Same goes with many images or emotions. It has been proven that, if before an interview, you strike a power pose for 2 minutes and put yourself in a positive successful mindset, you will dramatically increase your chances to actually succeed. An anchoring exercise: Think of an emotion you want to feel (happiness, confidence, calmness). Close your eyes and think of a moment you were feeling that emotion. What did you see? hear? feel? taste? smell? To anchor that feeling, press the part linking your thumb to your index. Close your eyes and keep reliving the moment. You will create a neurological stimulus response, which will allow you to go back to that feeling when you press again that part. You can do it also pressing your lobe or any other stimulus you want.
- 21. 4. Building a Rapport Rapport building techniques focus on gaining trust with another person through finding commonalities at the beginning of a relationship. Building rapport enables you to connect with people easily through aligning your communication styles. It’s why people engage in small talk before discussing any business. To practice this technique, watch how the person you’re conversing with uses their body language when they speak. A way to build rapport is to try having the same posture, using the same tone, and using the same keywords as the person you’re speaking with. This develops trust through symmetry in communication.
- 22. Why do we have small talk at the beginning of a work meeting with a client? It has been proven that finding commonalities at the beginning of a relationship will increase your ability to be trusted. We have a friend, sport, passion in common for example. Another technique to build rapport is body language: - having the same posture with your client - using the same tone - using the same key words. If you can listen to key words he/she uses, make sure you reuse the exact same words - reframing when they stop talking before presenting your new idea / asking a new question - use the same chunk size: I am super big picture and my partner is super detailed. It drives me nuts when he goes into details for ever. And for him, he believes I am super fluffy for being too big picture. Same with your clients: if you want to build rapport, use the same chunk size they use. Are they big picture or detailed? Use the same chunk size they use.
- 23. 5. Priming This technique can be seen as a bit more manipulative. An example of priming is a wine shop which puts background music. If they put French music, clients will tend to buy more French wines. If Italian music, then clients will tend to buy more Italian wine. Another example of priming is Advertising. In coaching, we can use sentences like "I know you are changing and change is good." (example of Milton model). We are priming the client to change.
- 24. Priming is an exposure technique. We see priming in all forms of marketing and advertising. An example of priming is when you are in a wine shop and they play Italian music to subtly influence you to purchase Italian wine. This could be the same for French or Spanish wine as well. The idea behind priming is connections, and how the brain unconsciously uses these connections. Priming helps the brain process, store, and remember information. You can use priming to influence future actions.
- 25. 6. Swish Swish is about reprogramming your mind from an unwanted behavior to a desired behavior. If you link an emotion to an unwanted experience or behavior. Swish is the process to disrupt that link. For example, linking the act of "putting your hand to your face with a cigarette" to a feeling of pleasure. Tony Robbins was using this technique to help smokers quit. He would lock them with him in a hotel room and make them smoke many many many cigarettes. When they didn't want to smoke anyone, he would scare them and scream at them. He wanted them to associate smoking with disgust and fear.
- 26. Swish is a visual technique that involves reprogramming your mind to think a certain way. This process shifts your mind from an unwanted behavior to a desired behavior. We have an emotion associated with every action and experience. Swish disrupts this association by replacing a positive emotion with a specific behavior. Here is how you use the swish technique: ● Identify the unwanted behavior and what you would like to experience instead ● Create your ideal outcome ● Imagine the positive experience ● Visualize making the change ● Repeat 5-8 times Swish is a good technique to practice if you want to replace any unwanted habits.
- 27. 7. Mirroring Mirroring is the process of taking on elements of another person’s physiology and voice qualities. This technique goes hand-in-hand with building rapport and establishing trust. To practice mirroring, the next time you have a conversation with someone try matching small things that they do with their words or body language. Adopting the same kind of demeanor creates a friendly environment that encourages communication and trust.
- 28. 8. Modelling Just like mirroring, the technique of modeling is just as it sounds. It is the process of adopting the same language, actions, behaviors, and strategies of a person you look up to. This instills the same set of values and beliefs as the person you are modeling. Modeling helps internalize new ways of thinking and behaving. Believing that you are someone else you admire allows you to fully embody their presence – but in your own voice. This helps shape the idea that if you can act like your role model, you have the potential to be everything that they are and do everything that they have accomplished.
- 29. 9. Meta Model The meta model is designed to help gather information, challenge, and expand the limits of a person’s model or view of the world. The meta model allows you to speak your existence in the third person, giving you a front row seat to how you think, feel, and behave in the world. This technique offers an insight to the limits, distortions, and generalizations of the language you use. It is the idea that language is a translation of mental states into words. In this translation, there is an unconscious process of deletion (not everything thought is said), distortion (assumptions and inaccuracies), and generalization (a shift towards broad statements).
- 30. 10. Incantations Incantations are like more powerful versions of affirmations. Affirmations are a word or phrase you repeat over and over to yourself to instill positive thinking and self-empowerment. They help you believe that you can achieve success in anything with a positive mindset. Incantations take this a step further by wholeheartedly embodying these affirmations, reprogramming your mind to truly believe what you are saying. This is a powerful technique, as it creates a state of confidence and control in your own destiny and future.
- 31. How to use this model? ● Treat it as a tool for listening. What is said out loud is the tip of an iceberg – and what lies under water is a huge amount of thinking, believing, feeling, evaluating, and so on. ● Determine if the situation and your relationship with the person is right for using the Meta Model - and get their permission to use it ● Listen for which category they use most. ● Ask questions to encourage the person to explore the thinking behind what they are saying ● Be very clear that your aim is not to get them to admit to being “wrong” in their thinking. Your aim is to get them thinking about their thinking.