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Relationship Elements
Relationship
elements
RDA Orientation – New Concepts Series
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20201
Thomas Brenndorfer
Relationship Elements
overview
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20202
In the new Toolkit, RDA relationship elements have grown
in number but are also treated with more consistency.
In this webinar, you will learn about what became of the
relationship designators and of the RDA attributes that
became relationship elements.
You will learn to identify the domain and range in
relationships, as well as find the alternate labels for
relationship element names. We will then explore the new
Toolkit to find the relationship elements of interest.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20203 Relationship Elements
Topics covered
• Entities and relationships from the “functional requirements” models (FRBR,
FRAD, FRSAD).
• The Library Reference Model (LRM) and its effect on RDA and relationships.
• Relationship element case study (Related corporate body of person and
its inverse).
• Exploring special cases:
Nomen as relationships
Metadata work relationships
Relationships in coherent and minimum descriptions
Shortcut relationships
Transformation relationships
Outward facing elements (“related entity” “subject”)
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20204 Relationship Elements
“An entity-relationship diagram
is crucial to creating a good
database design.”
Techopedia. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1200/entity-relationship-diagram-erd
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20205 Relationship Elements
ENTITY ONE
Attribute 1 Value
Attribute 2 Value
ENTITY TWO
Attribute 1 Value
Attribute 2 Value
Relationship
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20206 Relationship Elements
Functional requirements for
bibliographic data in libraries
These documents presented high level conceptual models
that detailed the entities involved in bibliographic data and
the relationships between those entities.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20207 Relationship Elements
Relationships identified with an
entity analysis technique
“The study uses an entity analysis technique that begins by isolating the
entities that are the key objects of interest to users of bibliographic records.
The study then identifies the characteristics or attributes associated with each
entity and the relationships between entities that are most important to
users in formulating bibliographic searches, interpreting responses to those
searches, and “navigating” the universe of entities described in bibliographic
records.”
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 3
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20208 Relationship Elements
Determining the relationships in
bibliographic data…
“Various terms are used by creators and publishers of intellectual and artistic
entities to signal relationships between those entities. Terms such as
"edition" and "version" are frequently encountered on publications and other
materials, as are statements such as “based on ...” or “translated from ....”
…
The problem with relying on commonly applied terms as a starting point for
analyzing bibliographic relationships is that those terms are neither clearly
defined nor uniformly applied. In this study relationships are examined in the
context of the entities defined for the model…”
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 55
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20209 Relationship Elements
Relationships and the method chosen
for recording the relationship
“It is important to bear in mind that for the purposes of this study
a relationship is not operative unless the entities on each side of
the relationship are explicitly identified. For example, "based on a
play by Henrik Ibsen" does not operatively state a work-to-work
relationship; "based on Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen" does.”
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 56
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202010 Relationship Elements
Entities from FRBR … and
RDA’s original take on them
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Family
Names/Identifiers <>
Controlled access points
Subject
(Concept, Object, Event, Place)
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202011 Relationship Elements
Cardinality in relationships
Person Work
Many to many
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
One to many
Many to many
One to many
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202012 Relationship Elements
Elements and designators
ELEMENTS DESIGNATORS
Creator author, artist, composer
Contributor editor, illustrator, actor
Related work adaptation of (work), in series,
sequel to
Related corporate body employer, chief executive of,
predecessor
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202013 Relationship Elements
Designators with their entities
Work AUTHOR Person
Family
Corporate body
Work PHOTOGRAPHER Person
Family
Corporate body
Expression PHOTOGRAPHER
(EXPRESSION)
Person
Family
Corporate body
Work IN SERIES Work
Work MERGED TO FORM
(WORK)
Work
Expression MERGED TO FORM
(EXPRESSION)
Expression
Person EMPLOYER Corporate body
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202014 Relationship Elements
RDA appendices for all relationship designators
Note the combinations…
Family <> Person
Person <> Family
Family <> Family
Family <> Corporate Body
Corporate Body <> Family
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202015 Relationship Elements
A relationship designator and its entities
Agent refers to:
• Person
• Family
• Corporate
Body
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202016 Relationship Elements
The Library Reference Model (LRM)
LRM consolidated
and replaced the
FR models.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202017 Relationship Elements
Definitions in the new RDA
• RDA entity: an abstract class of key conceptual objects in
the universe of human discourse that is a focus of interest to
users of RDA metadata in a system for resource discovery.
An RDA entity includes an agent, collective agent, corporate
body, expression, family, item, manifestation, nomen, person,
place, timespan, and work.
• entity: an abstract class of a physical or conceptual thing in
the universe of human discourse
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202018 Relationship Elements
Definitions in the new RDA
• Relationship: a specific association between two entities
• Relationship element: an element that relates two entities
• Domain: the RDA entity that that is described by an
element
• Range: the RDA entity that is the value of a relationship
element
• Attribute element: an element that is an inherent or
externally imputed characteristic of an RDA entity
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202019 Relationship Elements
LRM – more entities introduced
These are the entities in the new RDA, based upon the Library
Reference Model (but not exactly following LRM):
• RDA entity
• Work
• Expression
• Manifestation
• Item
• Agent
• Person
• Collective Agent
• Family
• Corporate Body
• Place
• Timespan
• Nomen
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202020 Relationship Elements
The enhanced entity relationship model
RDA entity
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Nomen
Place
Timespan
Agent
Person
Collective Agent
Corporate Body
Family
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202021 Relationship Elements
Agent breakout relationship elements
Creator agent of work [formerly “Creator of work”]
+Creator person of work
+Creator collective body of work
+Creator family of work
+Creator corporate body of work
Author agent [formerly “Author”]
+Author person
+Author collective body
+Author family
+Author corporate body
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202022 Relationship Elements
New entities mean some attributes
are now relationships …
Previously an attribute: Now a relationship:
Person:
Place of birth
Person < Place of birth > Place
Family:
Place associated with family
Family < Related place of family > Place
Person:
Date of birth
Person < Date of birth > Timespan
Manifestation:
Date of publication
Manifestation < Date of publication > Timespan
Effects of Place and Timespan defined as entities:
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202023 Relationship Elements
Previously an attribute: Now a relationship:
Family:
Prominent member of family
Family < Prominent member of family > Person
Corporate body:
Associated institution
Corporate body < Related corporate body of
corporate body > Corporate body
Person:
Affiliation
Person < Person member of corporate body of >
Corporate body
And for consistency, other attribute
elements have also switched to
relationship elements, where applicable…
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202024 Relationship Elements
Entities in a relationship element are
recorded using one of the four
recording methods…
ENTITY (Domain) Relationship element ENTITY (Range)
Corporate body Related
corporate body
of corporate
body
Corporate body
Record as:
1. Unstructured
description
2. Structured description
3. Identifier
4. IRI
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202025 Relationship Elements
Relationship elements case study
Related corporate body of person
and
Related corporate body of person of
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202026 Relationship Elements
Polyhierarchy
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202027 Relationship Elements
Inverse
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202028 Relationship Elements
IRI for the
relationship
element itself
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202029 Relationship Elements
Domain -
PERSON
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202030 Relationship Elements
Range –
CORPORATE
BODY
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202031 Relationship Elements
Alternate labels can
be:
- “is” or “has”
verbalized form from
RDA registry
- labels used in
original RDA Toolkit
(if significant
change)
- labels of other
elements merged
into this one
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202032 Relationship Elements
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202033 Relationship Elements
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202034 Relationship Elements
Option to record
as an attribute
using an
unstructured
description
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202035 Relationship Elements
• name of
corporate body
• access point for
corporate body
• identifier for
corporate body
Recording
methods
for this
relationship
element
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202036 Relationship Elements
Original
RDA
instruction
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202037 Relationship Elements
Original
RDA
instructions
Recording
methods present
in the original
instructions
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202038 Relationship Elements
Person member of corporate body of
• Unstructured description – name of corporate body
(preferred name of corporate body; variant name
of corporate body)
• Structured description – access point for corporate
body
(authorized access point for corporate body;
variant access point for corporate body)
• Identifier
• IRI
Attribute of person – Affiliation
Relationship designator for person – Corporate body
Old RDA
New RDA
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202039 Relationship Elements
Nomen?
As relationships?
How does that work?
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202040 Relationship Elements
Previously, names, titles, and identifiers were attributes
of entities.
Also, instructions for access points were tacked on, as
part of “identifying” an entity.
With the new RDA, names, titles, access points, and
identifiers are all “nomen strings”.
Names, titles, identifiers –
from attributes to relationships
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202041 Relationship Elements
The association of a nomen string with a specific
RDA entity is called a Nomen entity.
That “association” entity, the Nomen, can now
have its own attributes, such as:
• Context of use
• Date of usage
• Language of nomen
• Reference source
• Scheme of nomen
… we mostly focus on the nomen string attribute,
and all the instructions for recording, selecting, or
constructing those nomen strings.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202042 Relationship Elements
A value for the
Nomen’s attribute
“nomen string” is
recorded for the
relationship
element.
That string is no
longer an attribute
of Person, but now
an attribute
identifying the
Nomen.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202043 Relationship Elements
PERSON
Category of
person
Value
Note on
person
Value
NOMEN
Nomen
string
Joe Smith
Reference
source
Value
Relationship:
name of person
The nomen string
is used as the
value of the
appellation
element “name of
person”
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202044 Relationship Elements
“A nomen references the
Nomen: nomen string that is
the value of an appellation
element.”
Use the nomen string to
record the appellation
element.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202045 Relationship Elements
“A nomen references the
Nomen: nomen string that is
the value of an appellation
element.”
Use the nomen string to
record the appellation
element.
It’s possible that “name of
person” and “access point
for person” could be the
same nomen string. But
these are still different
Nomen and therefore
different relationships.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202046 Relationship Elements
Name of corporate body: Apple Inc.
Access point for corporate body: Apple Inc.
Same nomen string. Different nomen. Therefore different Corporate Body-
Nomen relationships.
Example using
Appellation of corporate body
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202047 Relationship Elements
Name of corporate body: Apple Inc.
Access point for corporate body: Apple Inc.
Same nomen string. Different nomen. Therefore different Corporate Body-
Nomen relationships.
Unstructured vs structured descriptions. The data provenance information is
different.
Name of corporate body
• guidelines or scheme used for transcription
• source of information
Access point for corporate body
• vocabulary encoding scheme (VES)
• string encoding scheme (SES)
Example using
Appellation of corporate body
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202048 Relationship Elements
Now let’s explore some
interesting examples of
relationships in the new
RDA Toolkit!
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202049 Relationship Elements
Work Relationships
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202050 Relationship Elements
Metadata work
“Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata
description set that consists of one or more metadata
statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.”
Work
Manifestation
This work could be a single metadata
statement, or a metadata description set,
describing a manifestation in this example.
Example
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202051 Relationship Elements
Metadata work
“Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata
description set that consists of one or more metadata
statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.”
Work
Manifestation
description of
manifestation
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202052 Relationship Elements
Metadata work
“Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata
description set that consists of one or more metadata
statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.”
Work
Agent
(who records the metadata)
Manifestation
(used as the content standard)
Manifestation
description of
manifestation
author agent
related manifestation
of work
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202053 Relationship Elements
Relationships in coherent descriptions
Coherent description
Relate Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item:
Work: expression of work
Expression: work expressed
Expression: manifestation of expression
Manifestation: expression manifested
Manifestation: exemplar of manifestation
Item: manifestation exemplified
* Manifestation: work manifested
* Work: manifestation of work
Shortcuts…
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202054 Relationship Elements
Relationships in minimum descriptions
Minimum for Work:
• Work: appellation of work (title, access point, or identifier)
• Work: expression of work (identify an expression) or Work:
manifestation of work (identify a manifestation)
Minimum for Expression:
• Expression: appellation of expression (title, access point, or identifier)
• Expression: work expressed (identify a work)
• Expression: manifestation of expression (identify a manifestation)
Minimum for Manifestation:
• Manifestation: appellation of manifestation (title, access point, or
identifier)
• Manifestation: expression manifested (identify an expression) or
Manifestation: work manifested (identify a work)
Minimum for Item:
• Item: appellation of item (title, access point, or identifier)
• Item: manifestation exemplified (identify a manifestation)
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202055 Relationship Elements
Statement elements
Several super-element statement elements (e.g., Manifestation: publication
statement) are attributes, although some of their components are relationship
elements.
Manifestation: publication statement
sub-elements:
Manifestation: date of publication [manifestation <> timespan]
Manifestation: name of publisher [manifestation <> nomen]
Manifestation: place of publication [manifestation <> place]
Manifestation: series statement
sub-elements:
Manifestation: title of series [manifestation <> nomen]
Manifestation: numbering within sequence
Manifestation: other title information of series [manifestation <> nomen]
Manifestation: statement of responsibility relating to series
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202056 Relationship Elements
“Shortcut” relationships
The original shortcut relationship element and its inverse:
Manifestation: work manifested
Work: manifestation of work
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202057 Relationship Elements
Name of publisher – a shortcut relationship
Manifestation: name of publisher
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202058 Relationship Elements
Aggregates … and more
shortcut relationship
elements!
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202059 Relationship Elements
Contributor agent to aggregate – a
shortcut relationship
Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate
Aggregate
(manifestation)
Expression 1 Expression 2 Expression 3
Work 1 Work 2 Work 3
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202060 Relationship Elements
Contributor agent to aggregate – a manifestation
relationship to all the creators of the aggregated content
(expression and work level creators)
Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate
Contributor agent of:
• cartography
• choreography
• computer content
• moving image
• music
• object
• speech
• still image
• text
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202061 Relationship Elements
Contributor agent to aggregate – a manifestation
relationship to all the creators of the aggregated content
(expression and work level creators)
Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate
Contributor agent of:
• cartography
• choreography
• computer content
• moving image
• music
• object
• speech
• still image
• text
Agents responsible for
expression include
agents responsible for
work.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202062 Relationship Elements
Basic aggregate relationships
Aggregate
(manifestation)
Expression 1 Expression 2 Expression 3
Work 1 Work 2 Work 3
The “aggregating expression” is treated
as another expression and is covered by
Manifestation: expression manifested
The agent responsible for creating an
“aggregating work” is covered by
Work: aggregator agent
Expression chosen as part of the plan of
an aggregating expression is covered by
Expression: aggregates (inverse:
Expression: aggregated by)
Aggregating expression
Aggregating work
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202063 Relationship Elements
A few more relationship
elements to explore …
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202064 Relationship Elements
Transformation relationships
• carrier version
• language version
• regional version
• transformation by
extension plan
• sequential version
• serialized version
• static version
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202065 Relationship Elements
Outward-facing elements
related entity of RDA entity
Also narrower, but now pointing to RDA
entities (and so both Domain and Range
are identified):
related RDA entity of RDA entity
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202066 Relationship Elements
Subject – outward facing element
Domain: Work
No range.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202067 Relationship Elements
Narrower elements
under “Subject” are
relationship
elements between
a work and another
RDA entity.
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202068 Relationship Elements
Some final tips …
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202069 Relationship Elements
Relationship matrix
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202070 Relationship Elements
Relationship matrix by domain
RDA entities related
to Person.
“Use a relationship
element that is
sufficiently specific...”
was in old RDA:
“Use a relationship
designator at the
level of specificity
that is considered
appropriate for the
purposes of the
agency creating the
data.”
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202071 Relationship Elements
Relationship matrix:
alphabetical lists of
relationship elements
(and inverse
elements indicated
for each)
RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202072 Relationship Elements
Navigating
relationship
elements.
Can more be
done?
Breadcrumbs…
Search and browse elements on
each each RDA entity page…
Relationship Elements RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202073
Thank you!
Time for questions …
Go forth and explore!

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New Concepts: Relationship Elements (March 2020)

  • 1. Relationship Elements Relationship elements RDA Orientation – New Concepts Series RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20201 Thomas Brenndorfer
  • 2. Relationship Elements overview RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20202 In the new Toolkit, RDA relationship elements have grown in number but are also treated with more consistency. In this webinar, you will learn about what became of the relationship designators and of the RDA attributes that became relationship elements. You will learn to identify the domain and range in relationships, as well as find the alternate labels for relationship element names. We will then explore the new Toolkit to find the relationship elements of interest.
  • 3. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20203 Relationship Elements Topics covered • Entities and relationships from the “functional requirements” models (FRBR, FRAD, FRSAD). • The Library Reference Model (LRM) and its effect on RDA and relationships. • Relationship element case study (Related corporate body of person and its inverse). • Exploring special cases: Nomen as relationships Metadata work relationships Relationships in coherent and minimum descriptions Shortcut relationships Transformation relationships Outward facing elements (“related entity” “subject”)
  • 4. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20204 Relationship Elements “An entity-relationship diagram is crucial to creating a good database design.” Techopedia. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/1200/entity-relationship-diagram-erd
  • 5. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20205 Relationship Elements ENTITY ONE Attribute 1 Value Attribute 2 Value ENTITY TWO Attribute 1 Value Attribute 2 Value Relationship
  • 6. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20206 Relationship Elements Functional requirements for bibliographic data in libraries These documents presented high level conceptual models that detailed the entities involved in bibliographic data and the relationships between those entities.
  • 7. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20207 Relationship Elements Relationships identified with an entity analysis technique “The study uses an entity analysis technique that begins by isolating the entities that are the key objects of interest to users of bibliographic records. The study then identifies the characteristics or attributes associated with each entity and the relationships between entities that are most important to users in formulating bibliographic searches, interpreting responses to those searches, and “navigating” the universe of entities described in bibliographic records.” Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 3
  • 8. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20208 Relationship Elements Determining the relationships in bibliographic data… “Various terms are used by creators and publishers of intellectual and artistic entities to signal relationships between those entities. Terms such as "edition" and "version" are frequently encountered on publications and other materials, as are statements such as “based on ...” or “translated from ....” … The problem with relying on commonly applied terms as a starting point for analyzing bibliographic relationships is that those terms are neither clearly defined nor uniformly applied. In this study relationships are examined in the context of the entities defined for the model…” Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 55
  • 9. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 20209 Relationship Elements Relationships and the method chosen for recording the relationship “It is important to bear in mind that for the purposes of this study a relationship is not operative unless the entities on each side of the relationship are explicitly identified. For example, "based on a play by Henrik Ibsen" does not operatively state a work-to-work relationship; "based on Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen" does.” Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: final report, 2009. Page 56
  • 10. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202010 Relationship Elements Entities from FRBR … and RDA’s original take on them Work Expression Manifestation Item Person Corporate Body Family Names/Identifiers <> Controlled access points Subject (Concept, Object, Event, Place)
  • 11. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202011 Relationship Elements Cardinality in relationships Person Work Many to many Work Expression Manifestation Item One to many Many to many One to many
  • 12. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202012 Relationship Elements Elements and designators ELEMENTS DESIGNATORS Creator author, artist, composer Contributor editor, illustrator, actor Related work adaptation of (work), in series, sequel to Related corporate body employer, chief executive of, predecessor
  • 13. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202013 Relationship Elements Designators with their entities Work AUTHOR Person Family Corporate body Work PHOTOGRAPHER Person Family Corporate body Expression PHOTOGRAPHER (EXPRESSION) Person Family Corporate body Work IN SERIES Work Work MERGED TO FORM (WORK) Work Expression MERGED TO FORM (EXPRESSION) Expression Person EMPLOYER Corporate body
  • 14. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202014 Relationship Elements RDA appendices for all relationship designators Note the combinations… Family <> Person Person <> Family Family <> Family Family <> Corporate Body Corporate Body <> Family
  • 15. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202015 Relationship Elements A relationship designator and its entities Agent refers to: • Person • Family • Corporate Body
  • 16. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202016 Relationship Elements The Library Reference Model (LRM) LRM consolidated and replaced the FR models.
  • 17. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202017 Relationship Elements Definitions in the new RDA • RDA entity: an abstract class of key conceptual objects in the universe of human discourse that is a focus of interest to users of RDA metadata in a system for resource discovery. An RDA entity includes an agent, collective agent, corporate body, expression, family, item, manifestation, nomen, person, place, timespan, and work. • entity: an abstract class of a physical or conceptual thing in the universe of human discourse
  • 18. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202018 Relationship Elements Definitions in the new RDA • Relationship: a specific association between two entities • Relationship element: an element that relates two entities • Domain: the RDA entity that that is described by an element • Range: the RDA entity that is the value of a relationship element • Attribute element: an element that is an inherent or externally imputed characteristic of an RDA entity
  • 19. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202019 Relationship Elements LRM – more entities introduced These are the entities in the new RDA, based upon the Library Reference Model (but not exactly following LRM): • RDA entity • Work • Expression • Manifestation • Item • Agent • Person • Collective Agent • Family • Corporate Body • Place • Timespan • Nomen
  • 20. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202020 Relationship Elements The enhanced entity relationship model RDA entity Work Expression Manifestation Item Nomen Place Timespan Agent Person Collective Agent Corporate Body Family
  • 21. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202021 Relationship Elements Agent breakout relationship elements Creator agent of work [formerly “Creator of work”] +Creator person of work +Creator collective body of work +Creator family of work +Creator corporate body of work Author agent [formerly “Author”] +Author person +Author collective body +Author family +Author corporate body
  • 22. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202022 Relationship Elements New entities mean some attributes are now relationships … Previously an attribute: Now a relationship: Person: Place of birth Person < Place of birth > Place Family: Place associated with family Family < Related place of family > Place Person: Date of birth Person < Date of birth > Timespan Manifestation: Date of publication Manifestation < Date of publication > Timespan Effects of Place and Timespan defined as entities:
  • 23. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202023 Relationship Elements Previously an attribute: Now a relationship: Family: Prominent member of family Family < Prominent member of family > Person Corporate body: Associated institution Corporate body < Related corporate body of corporate body > Corporate body Person: Affiliation Person < Person member of corporate body of > Corporate body And for consistency, other attribute elements have also switched to relationship elements, where applicable…
  • 24. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202024 Relationship Elements Entities in a relationship element are recorded using one of the four recording methods… ENTITY (Domain) Relationship element ENTITY (Range) Corporate body Related corporate body of corporate body Corporate body Record as: 1. Unstructured description 2. Structured description 3. Identifier 4. IRI
  • 25. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202025 Relationship Elements Relationship elements case study Related corporate body of person and Related corporate body of person of
  • 26. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202026 Relationship Elements Polyhierarchy
  • 27. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202027 Relationship Elements Inverse
  • 28. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202028 Relationship Elements IRI for the relationship element itself
  • 29. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202029 Relationship Elements Domain - PERSON
  • 30. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202030 Relationship Elements Range – CORPORATE BODY
  • 31. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202031 Relationship Elements Alternate labels can be: - “is” or “has” verbalized form from RDA registry - labels used in original RDA Toolkit (if significant change) - labels of other elements merged into this one
  • 32. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202032 Relationship Elements
  • 33. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202033 Relationship Elements
  • 34. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202034 Relationship Elements Option to record as an attribute using an unstructured description
  • 35. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202035 Relationship Elements • name of corporate body • access point for corporate body • identifier for corporate body Recording methods for this relationship element
  • 36. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202036 Relationship Elements Original RDA instruction
  • 37. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202037 Relationship Elements Original RDA instructions Recording methods present in the original instructions
  • 38. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202038 Relationship Elements Person member of corporate body of • Unstructured description – name of corporate body (preferred name of corporate body; variant name of corporate body) • Structured description – access point for corporate body (authorized access point for corporate body; variant access point for corporate body) • Identifier • IRI Attribute of person – Affiliation Relationship designator for person – Corporate body Old RDA New RDA
  • 39. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202039 Relationship Elements Nomen? As relationships? How does that work?
  • 40. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202040 Relationship Elements Previously, names, titles, and identifiers were attributes of entities. Also, instructions for access points were tacked on, as part of “identifying” an entity. With the new RDA, names, titles, access points, and identifiers are all “nomen strings”. Names, titles, identifiers – from attributes to relationships
  • 41. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202041 Relationship Elements The association of a nomen string with a specific RDA entity is called a Nomen entity. That “association” entity, the Nomen, can now have its own attributes, such as: • Context of use • Date of usage • Language of nomen • Reference source • Scheme of nomen … we mostly focus on the nomen string attribute, and all the instructions for recording, selecting, or constructing those nomen strings.
  • 42. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202042 Relationship Elements A value for the Nomen’s attribute “nomen string” is recorded for the relationship element. That string is no longer an attribute of Person, but now an attribute identifying the Nomen.
  • 43. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202043 Relationship Elements PERSON Category of person Value Note on person Value NOMEN Nomen string Joe Smith Reference source Value Relationship: name of person The nomen string is used as the value of the appellation element “name of person”
  • 44. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202044 Relationship Elements “A nomen references the Nomen: nomen string that is the value of an appellation element.” Use the nomen string to record the appellation element.
  • 45. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202045 Relationship Elements “A nomen references the Nomen: nomen string that is the value of an appellation element.” Use the nomen string to record the appellation element. It’s possible that “name of person” and “access point for person” could be the same nomen string. But these are still different Nomen and therefore different relationships.
  • 46. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202046 Relationship Elements Name of corporate body: Apple Inc. Access point for corporate body: Apple Inc. Same nomen string. Different nomen. Therefore different Corporate Body- Nomen relationships. Example using Appellation of corporate body
  • 47. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202047 Relationship Elements Name of corporate body: Apple Inc. Access point for corporate body: Apple Inc. Same nomen string. Different nomen. Therefore different Corporate Body- Nomen relationships. Unstructured vs structured descriptions. The data provenance information is different. Name of corporate body • guidelines or scheme used for transcription • source of information Access point for corporate body • vocabulary encoding scheme (VES) • string encoding scheme (SES) Example using Appellation of corporate body
  • 48. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202048 Relationship Elements Now let’s explore some interesting examples of relationships in the new RDA Toolkit!
  • 49. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202049 Relationship Elements Work Relationships
  • 50. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202050 Relationship Elements Metadata work “Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata description set that consists of one or more metadata statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.” Work Manifestation This work could be a single metadata statement, or a metadata description set, describing a manifestation in this example. Example
  • 51. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202051 Relationship Elements Metadata work “Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata description set that consists of one or more metadata statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.” Work Manifestation description of manifestation
  • 52. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202052 Relationship Elements Metadata work “Describe an instance of an entity by recording a metadata description set that consists of one or more metadata statements using one or more elements assigned to the entity.” Work Agent (who records the metadata) Manifestation (used as the content standard) Manifestation description of manifestation author agent related manifestation of work
  • 53. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202053 Relationship Elements Relationships in coherent descriptions Coherent description Relate Work, Expression, Manifestation, and Item: Work: expression of work Expression: work expressed Expression: manifestation of expression Manifestation: expression manifested Manifestation: exemplar of manifestation Item: manifestation exemplified * Manifestation: work manifested * Work: manifestation of work Shortcuts…
  • 54. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202054 Relationship Elements Relationships in minimum descriptions Minimum for Work: • Work: appellation of work (title, access point, or identifier) • Work: expression of work (identify an expression) or Work: manifestation of work (identify a manifestation) Minimum for Expression: • Expression: appellation of expression (title, access point, or identifier) • Expression: work expressed (identify a work) • Expression: manifestation of expression (identify a manifestation) Minimum for Manifestation: • Manifestation: appellation of manifestation (title, access point, or identifier) • Manifestation: expression manifested (identify an expression) or Manifestation: work manifested (identify a work) Minimum for Item: • Item: appellation of item (title, access point, or identifier) • Item: manifestation exemplified (identify a manifestation)
  • 55. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202055 Relationship Elements Statement elements Several super-element statement elements (e.g., Manifestation: publication statement) are attributes, although some of their components are relationship elements. Manifestation: publication statement sub-elements: Manifestation: date of publication [manifestation <> timespan] Manifestation: name of publisher [manifestation <> nomen] Manifestation: place of publication [manifestation <> place] Manifestation: series statement sub-elements: Manifestation: title of series [manifestation <> nomen] Manifestation: numbering within sequence Manifestation: other title information of series [manifestation <> nomen] Manifestation: statement of responsibility relating to series
  • 56. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202056 Relationship Elements “Shortcut” relationships The original shortcut relationship element and its inverse: Manifestation: work manifested Work: manifestation of work
  • 57. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202057 Relationship Elements Name of publisher – a shortcut relationship Manifestation: name of publisher
  • 58. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202058 Relationship Elements Aggregates … and more shortcut relationship elements!
  • 59. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202059 Relationship Elements Contributor agent to aggregate – a shortcut relationship Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate Aggregate (manifestation) Expression 1 Expression 2 Expression 3 Work 1 Work 2 Work 3
  • 60. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202060 Relationship Elements Contributor agent to aggregate – a manifestation relationship to all the creators of the aggregated content (expression and work level creators) Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate Contributor agent of: • cartography • choreography • computer content • moving image • music • object • speech • still image • text
  • 61. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202061 Relationship Elements Contributor agent to aggregate – a manifestation relationship to all the creators of the aggregated content (expression and work level creators) Manifestation: contributor agent to aggregate Contributor agent of: • cartography • choreography • computer content • moving image • music • object • speech • still image • text Agents responsible for expression include agents responsible for work.
  • 62. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202062 Relationship Elements Basic aggregate relationships Aggregate (manifestation) Expression 1 Expression 2 Expression 3 Work 1 Work 2 Work 3 The “aggregating expression” is treated as another expression and is covered by Manifestation: expression manifested The agent responsible for creating an “aggregating work” is covered by Work: aggregator agent Expression chosen as part of the plan of an aggregating expression is covered by Expression: aggregates (inverse: Expression: aggregated by) Aggregating expression Aggregating work
  • 63. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202063 Relationship Elements A few more relationship elements to explore …
  • 64. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202064 Relationship Elements Transformation relationships • carrier version • language version • regional version • transformation by extension plan • sequential version • serialized version • static version
  • 65. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202065 Relationship Elements Outward-facing elements related entity of RDA entity Also narrower, but now pointing to RDA entities (and so both Domain and Range are identified): related RDA entity of RDA entity
  • 66. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202066 Relationship Elements Subject – outward facing element Domain: Work No range.
  • 67. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202067 Relationship Elements Narrower elements under “Subject” are relationship elements between a work and another RDA entity.
  • 68. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202068 Relationship Elements Some final tips …
  • 69. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202069 Relationship Elements Relationship matrix
  • 70. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202070 Relationship Elements Relationship matrix by domain RDA entities related to Person. “Use a relationship element that is sufficiently specific...” was in old RDA: “Use a relationship designator at the level of specificity that is considered appropriate for the purposes of the agency creating the data.”
  • 71. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202071 Relationship Elements Relationship matrix: alphabetical lists of relationship elements (and inverse elements indicated for each)
  • 72. RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202072 Relationship Elements Navigating relationship elements. Can more be done? Breadcrumbs… Search and browse elements on each each RDA entity page…
  • 73. Relationship Elements RDA Orientation – Mar 11, 202073 Thank you! Time for questions … Go forth and explore!