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- 3. 5 Insert the Fan blade (2) to the shaft of the motor and ilrsfall the whole assembly onto the base plate. as showrn in figure 18. Make sure the fan blade can rotate freely. Connect the motor.s red wire to the spring connector at position 2 and its black wire to position 4. Explanations: ln step 6 the circuit has a resistor connect in series with the fan, the ourTent must flow through the resistor before reaching the fan motor. In step 7 the resistor is bypassed and the ourrent flows through the fan without passing through the resistor. YOU can see that the fan spine faster without the resistor because a resistor "resists" the flow Of electnc ourTent. The higher value Of resistance (measured in ohms) the lower the current will be. Activitv 5 Diode ln this activity, you will lean about the diode in a circulit. Material: -1 Motor(1) -1 Fanblade(2) -1 Fanstand(3) -1Motorholder(4) -1Baseplate(5) -1 Switchplate(7) -1 Metalplate(8) -4Spnngconnectors(9) -1 Diode(38) Steps: 1 Followthe step 1-5from activity4, and connect the diode (38) instead of resistor. Please notice the colour of the wire of tl`e diode. The red wire of the diode is connected to the spring connector at position 3 and the black wlre to the spring connector at position 4. Fig- 20 2. Now insert two AA size batteries according to the polarity indicated in the battery compartment (see Fig 5). Press the switch and see if (he fan is working. Explanation In this circuit, an electronlc component called gDiode- is connected in serl.es with the fan, the electnc current must flow throiigh the diode before reaching the fan motor. The dic)de + has the property of allowing the current to flow only in one direction, which maltes it act like a valve. In step 2 the fan will spln when the switch is pressed because the current ` ; can flowthrough the diodefrom its positlve side (called anode) to its negative side (called -`| cathode). However, when the diode is connected ln the opposlte direcllon, current cannot Activitv 6 Make a Liaht We will make a light cirouit in this activity. Material: -1 Baseplate(5) -1 LEDnoht(6) -1 Switchplatem Steps: 1. Follow step 1-2 in Activity 4. Fig-23 2. Connect the red wlre of the LED light to the spring connector 2 and the black wire to the spn'ng connector 4 as shown in Fig. 24. Now insert two AA size batteries according to the polarily indicated in the battery compartment (see Fig. 5). Press the switch to turn on the LED light. F,g. 24 Activitv 7 Make a Norse code machine Material: -1 Baseplate (5) -1 Switchplate (7) -1 Metal plate (8) -3 Spring connectors (9) -1 Buzzer (13) -1 Metal plate(8) -4Spn`ngconnectors(9) -1 Resistor(10) Explanation LED (Light Emitting Diode) is an electronic device which ernils light when electnc current passes through it. It has the same property as the diode that it allows current to pass through in one direction only. It uses miich less e[ectncity than an ordinary light bulb. The colour of the LED will depend on the type of material (called semi¢onductor) used to make it. Fig.26 4 Steps: 1. Install three spring connectors with the Swltch plate (7) and Metal plate (8) on the Base plate (5) as shown in Fig. 26. Connect the red battery wire to the spnng connector on the left and black battery wire to the right as shown.
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- 6. Activitv 11 Make a Motor Material: -1 Baseplate(5) -1 Motorcoil(16) -1 `Metalpln(17) -2LongseesawLeg(18) -1 Magnet(39) -2Springconnector(9) Steps: 1. Prepare (he wire and the spring connector(9). Fix the wires to the spring connector at about 40mm from the wire's end, with the wires pointing upwards as shown in Fig. 50. 2. Put the metal pin(17) through the motor con(16), with the long see saw legs(18) on each side. (Fig. 51, 52) 3d by the flow of hen the flow of imount of electric i more number of ma|or adva ntages strength iger than a 6dy 4. Place the magnet (39) on the base plate just under the motor co,I-(Fig. 55) F,g-55 5. Install the batteries in the base plate according to the polarities as Indicated in the battery compartment (see Fig. 5) and flip the coil with your finger The coil will start to rotate by itself. Explanation: Anytime an electric current is passed through a conductor, i( produces a magnetic field So when electric current passes through the coil (called "armature" of the motor), it becomes an electromagnet. Assuming that the magnet is sitting with the North side of it up (it doesn't matter which is up) this is the sequence of events: you give the motor a spin. When the red and black wires reach the stripped part of the coil, current flows, forming an electromagnet. Since magnet pole of the same type repels each other, the North of the electromagnet is repelled by the North of the magnet. This gives the coil a push, and it spins to a posi(ion where the wires and the coil break off, and the current ceases to flow. Inertia carries it around until the stripped portion makes contact again. Now the polarity of the electromagnet is reversed because the coil is flipped over, and it is attracted towards the magnet. This gives the coil a pull and i( spins to a position where the coil breaks off again. Inertia carries the coil to the other side ancl the loop repeats. These attract ancl repel actions enable the coil to rotate continuously Activitv 12 Solar Power cell Material: -1 Baseplate(5) -1 LEDlisht(6) -1 Solarpanel(37) -2Springconnectors(9) Steps: 1. As shown in Fig 56, install two spring connectors (9) on the base plate. Connect the red wires of the solar panel (38) and the LED light (6) at one spring connector Similarly, connect the black wires toge(her at (he other spnng connector. When placed in a room with good lighting, the solar panel will produce enough electric current to light up the red LED. When the solar panel is getting more light, it produces more current. Try blocking the panel.with your hand to see wha( happens? Does the LED light become dimmer or brighter? You can also experiment with different type of light source, for example, sunlight, fluorescent light or Incandescent light bulb. Explanation: Mos( solar cells in the solar panels are made from a crys(alline substance called silicon, one of the Earth's most common matenals Solar cells ai.e typically made by slicing a large crystal of silicon Into thin wafers and putting two separate wafers with different electncal properties together, along with wires to enable electrons to travel between layers. When sunligl`t hits the wafers, electrons naturally travel from one layer to the other through the wire because of the different properties of each layer, resulting in the release of electricity.