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T i t l e: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 121, February 21, 1852
A u t h o r: Various
E d i t o r: George Bell
R e l e a s e d a t e: September 15, 2012 [eBook #40773]
Most recently updated: October 23, 2024
L a n g u a g e: English
C r e d i t s: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This
file was produced from images generously made available
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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 121,
FEBRUARY 21, 1852 ***](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-19-320.jpg)
![Notes.
READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. II.
Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 4.
"The dram of eale
Doth all the noble substance of a doubt
To his own scandal."
Quarto of 1604.
"The dram of eafe."
Quarto of 1605.
"The dram of ill
Doth all the noble substance often dout,
To his own scandal."
Knight and Collier.
I cannot look upon this emendation, although sanctioned by the two latest editors of Shakspeare,
as by any means a happy one. The original word in the second quarto, "ease," so nearly resembles
"eale" in the first quarto (especially when printed with the old-fashioned long "[s]"); and the
subsequent transition from ease to base is so extremely obvious, and at the same time so
thoroughly consistent with the sense, that it is difficult to imagine any plausible ground for the
rejection of base in favour of ill. Dram was formerly used (as grain is at present) to signify an
indefinitely small quantity; so that "the dram of base" presents as intelligible an expression as can be
desired.
But in addition to its easy deduction from the original, base possesses other recommendations, in
being the natural antagonist of noble in the line following, and in the capability of being understood
either in a moral or physical sense.
If the whole passage be understood as merely assertive, then base may have, in common with ill,
a moral signification; but if it be understood as a metaphorical allusion to substantial matter, in
illustration of the moral reflections that have gone before, then base must be taken (which ill cannot)
in the physical sense, as a base substance, and, as such, in still more direct antagonism to the noble
substance opposed to it.
In a former paper I had occasion to notice the intimate knowledge possessed by Shakspeare in
the arcana of the several arts; and I now recognise, in this passage, a metaphorical allusion to the
degradation of gold by the admixture of baser metal. Gold and lead have always been in poetical
opposition as types of the noble and the base; and we are assured by metallurgists, that if lead be
added to gold, even in the small proportion of one part in two thousand, the whole mass is rendered
completely brittle.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-23-320.jpg)
![NOTES ON HOMER, NO. II.
(Continued from Vol. v., p. 100.)
The Wolfian Theory.
The most important consideration concerning Homer is the hypothesis of Wolf, which has been
contested so hotly; but before entering on the consideration of this revolution, as it may be called, I
shall lay before your readers the following quotation from the introduction of Fauriel to the old
Provençal poem, "Histoire de la Croisade contre les Albigeois," in the Collection des Documens
Inédits sur l'Histoire de France. He observes:—
"The romances collectively designated by the title of Carlovingian, are, it would seem, the
most ancient of all in the Provençal literature. They were not, originally, more than very
short and simple poems, popular songs destined to be recited with more or less musical
intonation, and susceptible, consequently on their shortness, of preservation without the
aid of writing, and simply by oral tradition among the jongleurs, whose profession it was to
sing them. Almost insensibly these songs developed themselves, and assumed a complex
character; they attained a fixed length, and their re-composition required more invention
and more design. In another point of view, they had increased in number in the same ratio
as they had acquired greater extent and complexity; and things naturally attained such a
position, that it became impossible to chant them from beginning to end by the aid of
memory alone, nor could they be preserved any longer without the assistance of a written
medium. They might be still occasionally sung in detached portions; but there exists
scarcely a doubt, that from that period they began to be read; and it was only necessary
to read them, in order to seize and appreciate their contents."[1]
[1]
P. xxx., quoted in Thirlwall's History of Greece (Appendix I.), vol. i.
p. 506., where it is given in French.
These remarks, though applied to another literature, contain the essentials of the theory
developed by Wolf in regard to Homer. Before the time of Wolf, the popularly accepted opinion on
this subject was as follows: That Homer, a poet of ancient date, wrote the Iliad and Odyssea in their
present form; and that the rhapsodists having corrupted and interpolated the poems, Peisistratos,
and Hipparchos, his son, corrected, revised, and restored these poems to their original condition.
Such was the general opinion, when at the end of the seventeenth century doubts began to be
thrown upon it, and the question began to be placed in a new light. The critics of the time were
Casaubon, Perizon, Bentley, Hédelin, and Perrault, who, more or less, rejected the established
opinion. Giambattista Vico made the first attempt to embody their speculations into one methodical
work. His Principi di Scienza nuova contain the germ of the theory reproduced by Wolf with so much
scholarship. Wolf, founding his theory on the investigations of Vico and Wood, extended or modified
their views, and assumed that the poems were never written down at all until the time of
Peisistratos, their arranger. In 1778, the famous Venetian Scholia were discovered by Villoison,
throwing open to the world the investigations of the Alexandrian critics; and by showing what the
ideas of the Chorizontes were (on whom it were madness to write after Mure), strengthening the
views of Wolf. In 1795, then, were published his famous Prolegomena, containing the theory—
"That the Iliad and Odyssey were not two complete poems, but small, separate, independent epic
songs, celebrating single exploits of the heroes; and that these lays were, for the first time, written
down and united as the Iliad and Odyssey by Peisistratus, tyrant of Athens."[2]
[2]
Smith, ii. p. 501.
The former critics (Hédelin and Perrault) had been overruled, derided, and quashed by the force of
public opinion; but Wolf brought so many arguments to support his views,—collected so formidable a
mass of authorities, both traditional, internal, and written, that the classical world was obliged to](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-26-320.jpg)
![meet him with fresh arguments, as ridicule would not again succeed. Thus arose the formidable
Wolfian controversy, which "scotched," though not "killed," the belief of the critical world in Homer.
The principal arguments he adduces are from the poems themselves, in his attempt to establish the
non-being of writing at the time of their composition.
Thus, in the Odyssea,[3]
a master of a vessel has to remember his cargo, not having a list of his
goods; in the Iliad,[4]
Bellerophon carries a folded tablet containing writing or signs to Prætos in
Lycia. This Wolf interprets to signify conventional marks, like the picture writing of the otherwise
civilised Mexicans.[5]
Again, in the Iliad (vii. 175.), the chiefs are represented as throwing lots in a
helmet, and the herald afterwards handing the lots round for recognition, as each of the lots bore a
mark known only to the person who made it. From this Wolf argues that writing was unknown at the
time, or the herald would have immediately read the names aloud. But do we not even now make
use of such marks without confounding them with writing? This is nothing at all; and it must be
remembered, firstly, that this does not apply to the Homeric time, but to the period of Troy;
secondly, that if it had applied to that time, it would be absurd to expect from illiterate warrior
chiefs, education superior to the mediæval crusaders, their counterparts at a later period of the
world's progress. These are the principal arguments that Wolf adduces to prove the non-existence of
writing at the Homeric period; whereas, far from proving anything, they are self-contradictory and
incorrect.
[3]
Lib. viii. 163.
[4]
Lib. vi. 168.
[5]
See Mure, vol. iii., Appendix L., p. 507. foll.; and Appendix M. vol. iii.
p. 512. foll.; and see chap. vii. book iii. vol. iii. p. 397. passim.
To prove that the Peisistratidæ first wrote down the poems of Homer, he cites Josephus (Orat.
contr. Apion., i. 2.), who observes that—
"No writing, the authenticity of which is acknowledged, is found among the Greeks earlier
than the poetry of Homer; and, it is said, that even he did not commit his works to writing,
but that, having been preserved in the memory of men, the songs were afterwards
connected."
Josephus had merely heard this reported, as is evident from his use of the words "it is said."
Pausanias, in the Tour in Greece (vii. 26. 6.), has the following observation:—
"A village called Donussa, between Ægira and Pellene, belonging to the Sicyonians, was
destroyed by that people. Homer, say they, remembered this town in his epic, in the
enumeration of the people of Agamemnon, 'Hyperesia then, and Donoessa, rocky town'
(Ιλ. β. 573.); but when Peisistratos collected the torn and widely scattered songs of
Homer, either he himself, or one of his friends, altered the name through ignorance."
Wolf also makes use of this report, liable to the same objections as the above, as one of his
proofs. It is even doubtful whether Peisistratos did edit Homer at all; but, under any circumstances,
it was not the first edition;[6]
for is not Solon represented as the reviser of the Homeric poems?
[6]
Granville Penn, On the primary Arrangement of the Iliad; and
Appendix B to Mure, vol. i.
Cicero (de Oratore, iii. 34.) says:
"Who is traditionally reported to have had more learning at that time, or whose eloquence
received greater ornaments from polite literature than that of Peisistratos? who is said to have been
the first that arranged the books of Homer, from their confused state, into that order in which we at
present enjoy them."
This also is produced as a proof by Wolf, though, for the same reason, it is doubtful. But see Wolf's
principal inaccuracies ably enumerated and exposed by Clinton (F.H., i. p. 370.).](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-27-320.jpg)
![Such is the far-famed theory of Wolf, which, as most modern scholars agree, is only calculated "to
conduct us to most preposterous conclusions."[7]
And this last dictum of Othello's, Mr. Editor, reminds
me, that here it would not be preposterous to come to a conclusion for the present, and to close my
observations in another paper, where I shall a theory "unfold," which, after the most patient
consideration and reconsideration, I am inclined to think the most approximative to the truth.
[7]
Othello, Act I. Sc. 3.
Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie.
Feb. 16. 1852.
FOLK LORE.
Fernseed.
—I find in Dr. Jackson's works allusions to a superstition which may interest some of your readers:
"It was my hap," he writes, "since I undertook the ministery, to question an ignorant soul
(whom by undoubted report I had known to have been seduced by a teacher of
unhallowed arts, to make a dangerous experiment) what he saw or heard, when he watcht
the falling of the Fernseed at an unseasonable and suspicious hour. Why (quoth he),
fearing (as his brief reply occasioned me to conjecture) lest I should press him to tell
before company, what he had voluntarily confessed unto a friend in secret some fourteen
years before, do you think that the devil hath aught to do with that good seed? No; it is in
the keeping of the king of Fayries, and he, I know, will do me no harm, although I should
watch it again; yet had he utterly forgotten this king's name, upon whose kindness he so
presumed, until I remembered it unto him out of my reading in Huon of Burdeaux.
"And having made this answer, he began to pose me thus; Sr
, you are a scholar, abut I am
none: Tell me what said the angel to our Lady? or what conference had our Lady with her
cousin Elizabeth concerning the birth of St. John the Baptist?
"As if his intention had been to make bystanders believe that he knew somewhat more on
this point than was written in such books as I use to read.
"Howbeit the meaning of his riddle I quickly conceived, and he confessed to be this; that
the angel did foretell John Baptist should be born at that very instant, in which the
Fernseed, at other times invisible, did fall: intimating further (as far as I could then
perceive) that this saint of God had some extraordinary vertue from the time or
circumstance of his birth."
Jackson's Works, book v. cap. xix. 8. vol. i. p. 916. Lond. 1673, fol.
In the sixth and seventh sections of the same chapter and book I find allusions to a maiden over
whom Satan had no power "so long as she had vervine and St. John's grass about her;" to the
danger of "robbing a swallow's nest built in a fire-house;" and to the virtues of "south-running
water." Delrius also is referred to as having collected many similar instances.
I have not access to Delrius, nor yet to Huon of Burdeaux, and so am compelled deeply to regret
that the good doctor did not leave on record the name of the "king of the Fayries."[8]
[8]
[Oberon is his name, which Mr. Keightley shows to be identical with
Elberich. See Fairy Mythology, p. 208. (ed. 1850).—Ed.]
Rt.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-28-320.jpg)
![Cornish Folk Lore.
—A recent old cottage tenant at Poliphant, near Launceston, when asked why he allowed a hole in
the wall of his house to remain unrepaired, answered that he would not have it stopped up on any
account, as he left it on purpose for the piskies (Cornish for pixies) to come in and out as they had
done for many years. This is only a sample of the current belief and action.
S. R. P.
DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS.
Will you allow me to suggest that, under the above, or some such heading, "N. & Q." should
receive any words not to be found in any well-known dictionary; such, for instance, as Halliwell's or
Webster's, which do not by any means contain all the words belonging to the class of which they
profess to be the repositories. You may also invite barristers, reporters, professional men generally,
and others, to send such waifs of this description as they meet with. "N. & Q." will then soon
become in this department of literature, as it is already in many others, a rich mine from which
future authors will draw precious store of knowledge. I will begin by giving one or two examples.
Earth-burn. An intermittent land-spring, which may not show itself for several years. There is such
a spring, and so named, near to Epsom.
Lavant. A land-spring, according to Halliwell. But this also is an intermittent spring. The word is
probably from lava, to flow.
Pick. (Lancashire.) To push with the hand. "I gen her a pick;" that is, "I pushed her from me;" or,
"I gave her a violent push forward."
Pick is also the instrument colliers get coals with; or an excavator gets earth with; or a
stonemason uses to take the "rough" off a stone. He may also finish the face of ashlar by "fine-
picking" it.
Gen. (Lancashire.) A contraction of the word gave.
Robert Rawlinson.
P.S.—I have seen, in a court of justice in Lancashire, judge and counsel fairly set fast with a broad
spoken county person; and many of the words in common use are not to be found in any dictionary
or glossary. Again, I have spoken to reporters as to technical words used at such meetings, for
instance, as those of the mechanical engineers in Birmingham, and I have been informed that they
are frequently bewildered and surprised at the numbers of words in use having the same meaning,
but which are not to be found in any dictionary. It would be of the utmost value to seize and fix
these words.
R. R.
[The proposal of our correspondent jumps so completely with the object of "N. & Q.," as
announced in our original Prospectus, that we not only insert it, but hope that his
invitation will be responded to by all who meet with archaisms either in their reading or in
their intercourse with natives of those various districts of England which are richest in
provincialisms.—Ed.]
THE LAST OF THE PALÆOLOGI.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-29-320.jpg)
![and against all evidence of people with impossible memories. What I want is good legal evidence;
the greatest age of the oldest members of the Equitable, Amicable, and other Insurance offices—
lives certainly beyond the average; the greatest age of a member of the House of Peers coming
within the eye of proof. When these preliminary questions, and reasonable inferences, shall have
been determined, it will, I think, be quite time enough to raise questions about the old Countess, old
Parr, old Jenkins, and other like ante-register longevities.
O. C. D.
Minor Queries Answered.
Laud's Letters and Papers.
—Can any of your correspondents inform one where any unpublished letters or papers of
Archbishop Laud are to be met with, besides those at Lambeth or in the British Museum?
Anthony à Wood mentions his speech against Nathanael Fiennes; and Wanley, in his Catalogue of
English and Irish MSS., states that many of his writings, both political and theological, were extant at
that time in private libraries.
B. J.
[Archbishop Laud's Works are now in the course of publication in the Library of Anglo-
Catholic Theology, and from the editor's valuable bibliographical prefaces to vols. i. and ii.,
we think it probable that some notices of these MSS. will be given in the subsequent
volumes. Our correspondent may also consult Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum Angliæ et
Hiberniæ, Oxon. 1697.]
Scot's Philomythie.
—Philomythie, or Philomythologie, wherein Outlandish Birds, Beasts, and Fishes are taught to
speak true English plainlie, &c.
The same volume, a small quarto unpaged, contains "The Merrie American Philosopher, or Wise
Man of the New World," and "Certaine Pieces of this Age Parabolized, viz. Duellum Britannicum;
Regalis Justitia Jacobi; Aquignispicium; Antidotum Cecillianum; by Thomas Scot, Gentleman, 1616,
with illustrative woodcuts."
Query: Is the book rare, and who was Thomas Scot?
L. S.
[But little appears to be known of the personal history of Thomas Scot. Sir S. Egerton
Brydges, in his Censura Literaria, vol. iii. pp. 381-386., and vol. iv. p. 32., has given some
account of his works, but no biographical notice of the author. The dedications to his
poems being principally to the Norfolk and Suffolk gentry, it is probable he belonged to
one of those counties. The first edition of Philomythie was published in 1610; the second
in 1616; but some copies of the second edition, according to Lowndes, are dated 1622,
others 1640. There is a third portion which our correspondent does not appear to possess,
entitled The Second Part of Philomythie, or Philomythologie, containing Certaine Tales of
true libertie, false friendship, power united, faction and ambition. By Thomas Scot, Gent.
London, 1616, 1625. Thomas Park thought that, from the great disparity of merit between
this and the preceding part, there is little reason to suppose them to be by the same
author, though they bear the same name. Scot's works are considered rare, especially his
first, entitled Four Paradoxes of Arte, of Lawe, of Warre, of Seruice: London, 1602,](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/4218-250410191052-0e64fdd0/85/New-Perspectives-on-Microsoft-Excel-2010-Comprehensive-1st-Edition-Parsons-Solutions-Manual-40-320.jpg)
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- 5. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 1 of 9 Tutorial 6 Managing Multiple Worksheets and Workbooks A Guide to this Instructor’s Manual: We have designed this Instructor’s Manual to supplement and enhance your teaching experience through classroom activities and a cohesive chapter summary. This document is organized chronologically, using the same heading in blue that you see in the textbook. Under each heading you will find (in order): Lecture Notes that summarize the section, Figures and Boxes found in the section (if any), Teacher Tips, Classroom Activities, and Lab Activities. Pay special attention to teaching tips, and activities geared towards quizzing your students, enhancing their critical thinking skills, and encouraging experimentation within the software. In addition to this Instructor’s Manual, our Instructor’s Resources CD also contains PowerPoint Presentations, Test Banks, and other supplements to aid in your teaching experience. For your students: Our latest online feature, CourseCasts, is a library of weekly podcasts designed to keep your students up to date with the latest in technology news. Direct your students to http://coursecasts.course.com, where they can download the most recent CourseCast onto their mp3 player. Ken Baldauf, host of CourseCasts, is a faculty member of the Florida State University Computer Science Department where he is responsible for teaching technology classes to thousands of FSU students each year. Ken is an expert in the latest technology and sorts through and aggregates the most pertinent news and information for CourseCasts so your students can spend their time enjoying technology, rather than trying to figure it out. Open or close your lecture with a discussion based on the latest CourseCast. Table of Contents Chapter Objectives 2 EX 304 Grouping Worksheets 2 EX 309 Working with Multiple Worksheets 3 EX 322 Linking Workbooks 4 EX 329 Updating Linked Workbooks 5 EX 333 Creating an Excel Workspace 6 EX 338 Creating a Hyperlink 5 EX 340 Creating Templates 6 EX 348 Using the Excel Web App and SkyDrive 7 End of Tutorial Material 9 Glossary of Key Terms 9
- 6. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 2 of 9 Chapter Objectives Students will have mastered the material in this tutorial when they can: • Create a worksheet group • Format and edit multiple worksheets at once • Create cell references to other worksheets • Consolidate information from multiple worksheets using 3-D references • Create and print a worksheet group • Create a link to data in another workbook • Create a workbook reference • Learn how to edit links • Create and use an Excel workspace • Insert a hyperlink in a cell • Create a custom template • Save a workbook to SkyDrive and use the Excel Web App EX 304 Grouping Worksheets LECTURE NOTES • Show how to group the worksheets. • Show how to enter the same formulas in all the worksheets in a group. • Show how to apply the same formatting to all the worksheets in a group. • Demonstrate how to ungroup the worksheets. BOXES • Reference: Grouping and Ungrouping Worksheets (EX 305) • InSight: Editing Grouped Worksheets (EX 307) • ProSkills: Written Communication: Using Multiple Worksheets with Identical Layouts (EX 309) FIGURES • Figure 6-1, Figure 6-2, Figure 6-3, Figure 6-4 TEACHER TIP A workbook is a collection of worksheets. Sometimes students will want to work with the worksheets within a workbook as if they were a single unit. Worksheets can be combined together into a group. Grouping worksheets allows students to apply formulas across the worksheets in the group. Students can also apply formatting across worksheets in a group. This can allow them to work more efficiently by allowing them to make multiple changes through a single change. Make sure students understand that when they group worksheets, any changes made to one worksheet will also be changed in any other worksheets in the group. This is a great way to apply formatting across worksheets. However, a common error is to delete a value or change a value in a worksheet not intending to have that change made in all the worksheets. Remind students to remove the grouping before they begin to make individual worksheet changes. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • True/False. When you edit cells in a worksheet group, the changes you make to one worksheet are automatically applied to the other worksheets in the group. (Answer: True) • To ungroup worksheets, right-click ________. (Answer: any sheet tab)
- 7. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 3 of 9 EX 309 Working with Multiple Worksheets LECTURE NOTES • Show how to copy worksheets. • Show how to enter a formula in a worksheet that references another worksheet. • Show how to enter a formula in a worksheet that references another worksheet. • Show how to print a worksheet group. BOXES • Reference: Copying Worksheets (EX 310) • Reference: Entering a Formula that References Another Worksheet (EX 311) • InSight: Managing 3-D References (EX 313) • Reference: Entering a Function that Contains a 3-D Reference (EX 313) FIGURES • Figure 6-5, Figure 6-6, Figure 6-7, Figure 6-8, Figure 6-9, Figure 6-10 TEACHER TIP A workbook can contain one or several worksheets. This feature gives you the ability to organize your data better. Many times a workbook has a massive about of data. By dividing that data up into worksheets it is much more manageable and accessible. Often times, a worksheet at the front of the workbook will summarize the data on the rest of the worksheets. This provides an opportunity to view summarized data without having to look at the rest of the data unless you want to. The fastest way to copy an entire worksheet or worksheet group is to press and hold the Ctrl key as you drag and drop the sheet tab to another location in the workbook. A number in parentheses is added to the copy’s sheet tab to distinguish it from the original worksheet. Students are familiar with the two-dimensional aspect of a worksheet (i.e., rows and columns). They can think of the collection of worksheets in a workbook as a third dimension. Students know that they can reference rows and columns in a worksheet, and can also reference cells in other worksheets. They can, therefore, have a reference in a worksheet that pertains to a cell in another worksheet. The reference Sheet3!A5 is a reference to cell A5 on Sheet3. Students could place the reference in any cell on any worksheet within the workbook. TEACHER TIP In a workbook, students often have several worksheets that represent the same kind of data but for different entities. It may be beneficial for them to summarize the data onto one worksheet, or consolidate the data. When students consolidate, each worksheet must have the same format and structure. Students can easily copy the contents and/or formats of a worksheet to a whole group of worksheets. On the sheet students intend to use to summarize the data of the worksheets, they can use 3–D Cell References to calculate totals across the worksheets involved in the summary. When you have a worksheet group, you can set up the page layout and the print area for all the worksheets at once. First you select all the worksheets for the group and then go through the standard process of setting up the page. In this manner, you can set up each of the worksheets to have a header and/or footer. You can
- 8. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 4 of 9 also specify whether to print in landscape or portrait. The selections will apply to every worksheet in the group. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • What is the first step in copying worksheets to another workbook? (Answer: select the sheet tabs you want to copy) • True/False. The fastest way to copy an entire worksheet to press and hold the Alt key as you drag and drop the sheet tab. (Answer: False) 2. Class Discussion: What are the steps to enter a formula that references another worksheet? (Answer: Click the cell where you want to enter the formula. Type = and enter the formula. To insert a reference from another worksheet, click the sheet tab for the worksheet, and then click the cell or select the range you want to reference. When the formula is complete, press the Enter key.) 3. Class Discussion: What is a 3-D reference? (Answer: It refers to the same cell or range in multiple worksheets in the same workbook.) What is a Worksheet Range? (Answer: It is the range of worksheets you want to reference.) What is a CellRange? (Answer: The same cell or range in each of those worksheets that you want to reference.) 4. Quick Quiz: • To print the grouped worksheets, first do what? (Answer: Select the first and last grouped worksheets.) • To view the other grouped worksheets in the print preview click the _______. (Answer: Next Page button) EX 322 Linking Workbooks LECTURE NOTES • Show how to link and unlink files. • Show how to navigate and arrange multiple workbooks. • Show how to create external reference formulas. BOXES • ProSkills: Decision Making: Understanding When to Link Workbooks (EX 323) • Reference: Arranging Workbooks (EX 324) • InSight: Managing Linked Workbooks (EX 329) FIGURES • Figure 6-11, Figure 6-12, Figure 6-13, Figure 6-14, Figure 6-15 TEACHER TIP Figure 6-11 explains when Excel updates a link. This is very important information. Keeping the links up to date is vital to the integrity of the values displayed in the source file. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • A _____ is a connection between the files that allows data to be transferred from one file to the other. (Answer: link) • When two files are linked, the _____ file is the workbook that contains the data. (Answer: source)
- 9. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 5 of 9 • The ______ file (sometimes referred to as the dependent file) is the workbook that receives the data. (Answer: destination) EX 329 Updating Linked Workbooks LECTURE NOTES • Show how to change the value in the source workbook with the destination file open. • Show how to update the source workbook with the destination file closed. • Show how to manage links. FIGURES • Figure 6-16, Figure 6-17, Figure 6-18 TEACHER TIP Remind students the importance that the data in the destination file accurately reflect the contents of the source file. When data in the source file changes, you want the destination file to reflect the changes. If both the source and destination files are open when you make a change, the destination file is updated automatically. If the destination file is closed when you make a change in the source file, you choose whether to update the link to display the current values when you open the destination file or continue to display the older values from the destination file. TEACHER TIP Use Figure 6-18 to help explain the list of links. This dialog box is useful in determining what links exist and also for changing the links to a different source. Be sure to point out all the options available through the Edit Links dialog box. Notice, in particular, that you can break the link on this dialog box as well. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Critical Thinking: Imagine a company that has salespersons throughout the country who record all their sales data in a workbook. If you are the sales manager, how could you use the concepts in this tutorial to “pull it all together” so that you have summarized data from the individual workbooks? Do you think it would be best to pull all the data from the individual workbooks into a single workbook? Or do you think it would be better to keep the data in separate workbooks and then pull the summary information into a single workbook? Why do you come to this conclusion? 2. Quick Quiz: • True/False. A reference in a formula that refers to another workbook is called a workbook reference. (Answer: False) • True/False. When you break a link using the Break Links command in the Edit Links dialog box, all the external reference formulas are converted to their most recent values. (Answer: True) EX 333 Creating an Excel Workspace LECTURE NOTES • Show how to create a workspace file. FIGURES • Figure 6-19
- 10. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 6 of 9 TEACHER TIP Often students will create several workbooks that are related to one another in terms of subject. Students may want to open all of those related workbooks at one time. This can be done by creating an Excel workspace. An Excel workspace is a file that contains information about all workbooks that are currently open. Once the workspace has been created, students will only need to open the workspace file and all of the related workbooks will open as well. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Class Discussion: Why would you want to create an Excel Workspace? (Answer: If you have four workbooks containing data for specific information, usually, you will need to access only one workbook at a time. Occasionally you may want to access all of the workbooks. You can open all the workbooks at once, saving time, and, more important, not having to remember all the filenames and folder locations.) EX 338 Creating a Hyperlink LECTURE NOTES • Show how to insert and edit a hyperlink. BOXES • Reference: Inserting a Hyperlink (EX 338) FIGURES • Figure 6-20, Figure 6-21 TEACHER TIP A hyperlink is a link to information within that file or another file. The hyperlinks are usually represented by colored words with underlines or images. Although hyperlinks are most often found on Web pages, they can also be placed in a worksheet and used to quickly jump to a specific cell or range within the active worksheet, another worksheet, another workbook, or to other files, such as a Word document or a PowerPoint presentation, or sites on the Web. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • A _____ is a link in a file. (Answer: hyperlink) • True/False. To use a hyperlink, you click the anywhere inside the cell that contains the link. (Answer: False) EX 340 Creating Templates LECTURE NOTES • Show how to create a workbook based on an existing template. • Show how to create a custom template. • Show how to create a new workbook from a template. BOXES • ProSkills: Teamwork: Using Excel Templates (EX 341)
- 11. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 7 of 9 • Reference: Creating a Workbook Based on a Template (EX 342) • Reference: Creating a Custom Template (EX 344) FIGURES • Figure 6-22, Figure 6-23, Figure 6-24, Figure 6-25, Figure 6-26 TEACHER TIP In business, people often create workbooks that have common elements such as invoices, an expense statement, a balance sheet, or many other day-to-day operations workbook. Using a template makes this process much easier because the elements are already in place and all students do is fill them in. A custom template is a workbook template you create that is ready to run with the formulas for all calculations included as well as all formatting. To save a template, click the Office Button, and then click Save As. In the Save As dialog box, click the Save as type button, and then click Excel Template. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • When you start Excel and see the blank workbook called Book1, you are actually using a workbook based on a template known as the _____ template. (Answer: default) • True/False. You can create a workbook with all the formulas and formatting you need and then save it as a template on which you can base other workbooks. (Answer: True) 2. Class Discussion: A _____ is a workbook template you create that is ready to run with the formulas for all calculations included as well as all formatting. (Answer: custom template) Can you think of applications for creating a custom template? LAB ACTIVITY Divide the class into as many groups as there are categories of templates (this could vary depending on what templates are available on your system). Have each group open one of the templates categories and select a template. When they open the template, have the groups discuss a situation where they might use one of these templates. Have the groups enter some “dummy” data into the template. The groups should evaluate how well their assigned template met their needs. Also, they should answer whether the template was easy to use. After several minutes, bring the class back together and let each group share what they worked on. EX 348 Using the Excel Web App and SkyDrive LECTURE NOTES • Demonstrate how to obtain a Windows Live ID • Show to save a workbook to SkyDrive • Show to edit a workbook with the Excel Web App BOXES • Reference: Saving a Workbook to SkyDrive (EX 349)
- 12. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 8 of 9 FIGURES • Figure 6-27, Figure 6-28, Figure 6-29, Figure 6-30 TEACHER TIP Office Web Apps allow you to create, view, and edit Office files directly from a Web browser as well as share files and collaborate with other users online. The Web App does not have all of the features of the Office program. In order to use other features, you need to open the file in the full-featured program on your computer. CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES 1. Quick Quiz: • ___________ refers to data, applications, and even resources that are stored on servers that you access over the Internet rather than your own computer. (Answer: Cloud computing) • True/False. You can access your SkyDrive and the office Web Apps anywhere you have Internet access. (Answer: True) 2. Class Discussion: How might it be helpful to be able to share Excel workbooks with other users online?
- 13. New Perspectives on Microsoft Excel 2010 Instructor’s Manual 9 of 9 End of Tutorial Material • Review Assignments: Review Assignments provide students with additional practice of the skills they learned in the tutorial using the same tutorial case, with which they are already familiar. • Case Problems: A typical NP tutorial has four Case Problems following the Review Assignments. Short tutorials can have fewer Case Problems (or none at all); other tutorials may have five Case Problems. The Case Problems provide further hands-on assessment of the skills and topics presented in the tutorial, but with new case scenarios. There are four types of Case Problems: • Apply. In this type of Case Problem, students apply the skills that they have learned in the tutorial to solve a problem. • Create. In a Create Case Problem, students are either shown the end result, such as a finished Web site, and asked to create the document based on the figure provided, or students are asked to create something from scratch in a more free-form manner. • Challenge. A Challenge Case Problem involves three or more Explore steps. These steps challenge students by having them go beyond what was covered in the tutorial, either with guidance in the step or by using online Help as directed. • Research. In this type of Case Problem, students need to go to the Web to find information that they will incorporate somehow in their work for the Case Problem. • ProSkills Exercises: This feature is new for Office 2010 and Windows 7. ProSkills exercises integrate the technology skills students learn with one or more of the following soft skills: decision making, problem solving, teamwork, verbal communication, and written communication. The goal of these exercises is to enhance students’ understanding of the soft skills and how to apply them appropriately in real-world, professional situations that also involve software application skills. ProSkills exercises are offered at various points throughout a text, encompassing the concepts and skills presented in a standalone tutorial or a group of related tutorials. Glossary of Key Terms • 3-D reference (EX 303) • cloud computing (EX 348) • custom template (EX 344) • default template (EX 341) • destination file (EX 320) • external reference (EX 320) • hyperlink (EX 337) • link (EX 321) • Office Web Apps (EX 348) • source file (EX 321) • template (EX 336) • Windows Live (EX 348) • worksheet group (EX 302) • workspace (EX 321) Top of Document
- 14. Other documents randomly have different content
- 18. The Project Gutenberg eBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 121, February 21, 1852
- 19. This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States and most other parts of the world at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re- use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this ebook or online at www.gutenberg.org. If you are not located in the United States, you will have to check the laws of the country where you are located before using this eBook. T i t l e: Notes and Queries, Vol. V, Number 121, February 21, 1852 A u t h o r: Various E d i t o r: George Bell R e l e a s e d a t e: September 15, 2012 [eBook #40773] Most recently updated: October 23, 2024 L a n g u a g e: English C r e d i t s: Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) *** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, VOL. V, NUMBER 121, FEBRUARY 21, 1852 ***
- 20. Vol. V.—No. 121. NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."—Captain Cuttle. Vol. V.—No. 121. Saturday, February 21. 1852. Price Fourpence. Stamped Edition, 5d.
- 21. CONTENTS. Notes:— Readings in Shakspeare, No. II. 169 National Defences 171 Notes on Homer, No. II., by Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie 171 Folk Lore:—Fernseed—Cornish Folk Lore 172 Dictionary of Archaic and Provincial Words 173 The Last of the Palæologi 173 The last Lay of Petrarch's Cat 174 Minor Notes:—Sobriquet—Origin of Paper—Persistency of Proper Names—Cheap Maps 174 Queries:— Did St. Paul quote Aristotle? by Thomas H. Gill 175 Minor Queries:—Silver Royal Font—L'Homme de 1400 Ans—Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head—Johnson's House, Bolt Court—Bishop Mossom—Orlando Gibbons—Portraits—Barnard's Church Music—The Nelson Family—Letters to the Clergy—Margaret Burr—Northern Ballads—"Blamed be the man," &c. —"Quid est Episcopus"—Henry Isaac—German Poet quoted by Camden— American Degrees—Derivation of News—Passage in Troilus and Cressida— Bachelor's Buttons—Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, eldest Sons of the Kings of England—Authenticated Instances of Longevity 175 Minor Queries Answered:—Laud's Letters and Papers—Scot's Philomythie—Robin of Doncaster—Horæ Belgicæ—Dulcarnon 179 Replies:— Number of the Children of Israel 180 Serjeants' Rings and Mottoes, by J. B. Colman, &c. 181 Learned Men of the Name of Bacon 181 Collar of SS. 182 The Königsmarks 183 Boiling Criminals to Death, by J. B. Colman, &c. 184 "Admonition to the Parliament" 184 "Sir Edward Seaward's Narrative," by W. H. Lammin, &c. 185 General Wolfe 185 Replies to Minor Queries:—Commemoration of Benefactors—King Robert Bruce's Watch—Hornchurch—Buzz—Melody of the Dying Swan—"From the Sublime to the Ridiculous is but a Step"—"Carmen perpetuum," &c.—Sterne at Paris
- 22. —The Paper of the present Day—Cimmerii, Cimbri—Rents of Assize— Monastic Establishments in Scotland—History of Brittany—Marches of Wales, and Lords Marchers—The Broad Arrow—Miniature of Cromwell—The Sinaïtic Inscriptions—Why cold Pudding settles One's Love—Covines —"Arborei fœtus alibi," &c.—Poniatowski Gems 186 Miscellaneous:— Notes on Books, &c. 190 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 190 Notices to Correspondents 191 Advertisements 191 List of Notes and Queries volumes and pages
- 23. Notes. READINGS IN SHAKSPEARE, NO. II. Hamlet, Act I. Sc. 4. "The dram of eale Doth all the noble substance of a doubt To his own scandal." Quarto of 1604. "The dram of eafe." Quarto of 1605. "The dram of ill Doth all the noble substance often dout, To his own scandal." Knight and Collier. I cannot look upon this emendation, although sanctioned by the two latest editors of Shakspeare, as by any means a happy one. The original word in the second quarto, "ease," so nearly resembles "eale" in the first quarto (especially when printed with the old-fashioned long "[s]"); and the subsequent transition from ease to base is so extremely obvious, and at the same time so thoroughly consistent with the sense, that it is difficult to imagine any plausible ground for the rejection of base in favour of ill. Dram was formerly used (as grain is at present) to signify an indefinitely small quantity; so that "the dram of base" presents as intelligible an expression as can be desired. But in addition to its easy deduction from the original, base possesses other recommendations, in being the natural antagonist of noble in the line following, and in the capability of being understood either in a moral or physical sense. If the whole passage be understood as merely assertive, then base may have, in common with ill, a moral signification; but if it be understood as a metaphorical allusion to substantial matter, in illustration of the moral reflections that have gone before, then base must be taken (which ill cannot) in the physical sense, as a base substance, and, as such, in still more direct antagonism to the noble substance opposed to it. In a former paper I had occasion to notice the intimate knowledge possessed by Shakspeare in the arcana of the several arts; and I now recognise, in this passage, a metaphorical allusion to the degradation of gold by the admixture of baser metal. Gold and lead have always been in poetical opposition as types of the noble and the base; and we are assured by metallurgists, that if lead be added to gold, even in the small proportion of one part in two thousand, the whole mass is rendered completely brittle.
- 24. The question then is, in what way "the dram of base" affects "all the noble substance?" Shakspeare says it renders it doubtful or suspicious; his commentators make him say that it douts or extinguishes it altogether! And this they do without even the excuse of an originally imperfect word to exercise conjecture upon. The original word is doubt, the amended one dout; and yet the first has been rejected, and the latter adopted, in editions whose peculiar boast it is to have restored, in every practicable instance, the original text. Now, in my opinion, Shakspeare did not intend doubt in this place, to be a verb at all, but a noun substantive: and it is the more necessary that this point should be discussed, because the amended passage has already crept into our dictionaries as authority for the verb dout; thus giving to a very questionable emendation the weight of an acknowledged text. (Vide Todd's Johnson.) Any person who takes the amended passage, as quoted at the head of this article, and restores "dout," to its original spelling, will find that the chief hindrance to a perfect meaning consists in the restriction of doth to the value of a mere expletive. Let this restriction be removed, by conferring upon doth the value of an effective verb, and it will be seen that the difficulty no longer remains. The sense then becomes, "the base doth doubt to the noble," i.e. imparts doubt to it, or renders it doubtful. We say, a man's good actions do him credit; why not also, his bad ones do him doubt? One phrase may be less familiar than the other, but they are in strict analogy as well with themselves as with the following example from the Twelfth Night, which is exactly in point: "Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame." Hence, since the original word is capable of giving a clear and distinct meaning, there can be no possible excuse for displacing it, even if the word to be substituted were as faultless as it is certainly the reverse. For not only is dout an apocryphal word, but it is inelegant when placed, as it must be in this instance, in connexion with the expletive doth, being at the same time in itself a verb compounded of do. Neither is the meaning it confers so clear and unobjectionable as to render it desirable; for in what way can a very small quantity be said to dout, or expel, a very large quantity? To justify such an expression, the entire identity of the larger must be extinguished, leaving no part of it to which the scandal mentioned in the third line could apply. But an examination of the various places wherein scandal is mentioned by Shakspeare, shows that the meaning attached by him to that word was false imputation, or loss of character: therefore, in the contact of the base and the noble, the scandal must apply to the noble substance—a consideration that must not be lost sight of in any attempt to arrive at the true meaning of the whole passage. So far, I have assumed that "often" (the third substitution in the amended quotation) is the best representative that can be found for the "of a" of the original; and inasmuch as it is confirmed by general consent, and is moreover so redundant, in this place, that its absence or presence scarcely makes any difference in the sense, it is not easily assailable. The best way, perhaps, to attempt to supplant it is to suggest a better word—one that shall still more closely resemble the original letters in sound and formation, and that shall, in addition, confer upon the sense not a redundant but an effective assistance. Such a word is offer: it is almost identical (in sound at least) with the original, and it materially assists in giving a much clearer application to the last line. For these reasons, but especially for the last, I adopt offer, as a verb in the infinitive ruled by doth, in the sense of causing or compelling; a sense that must have been in familiar use in Shakspeare's time, or it would not have been introduced into the translation of Scripture. In this view the meaning of the passage becomes, "The base doth the noble offer doubt, to his own scandal"—that is, causes the noble to excite suspicion, to the injury of its own character. Examples of do in this sense are very numerous in Spenser; of which one is (F.Q., iii. 2. 34.):
- 25. "To doe the frozen cold away to fly." And in Chaucer (Story of Ugolino): "That they for hunger wolden do him dien." And in Scripture (2 Cor. viii. 1.): "We do you to wit of the grace of God." By this reading a very perfect and intelligible meaning is obtained, and that too by the slightest deviation from the original yet proposed. By throwing the action of offering doubt upon "the noble substance," it becomes the natural reference to "his own scandal" in the third line. Hamlet is moralising upon the tendency of the "noblest virtues," "be they as pure as grace, as infinite as man may undergo," to take, from "the stamp of one defect," "corruption in the general censure" (a very close definition of scandal); and he illustrates it by the metaphor: "The dram of base Doth all the noble substance offer doubt, To his own scandal." A. E. B. Leeds. NATIONAL DEFENCES. Collet, in his Relics of Literature, has furnished some curious notices of a work on national defences, which perhaps ought to be consulted at the present time, now that this matter is again exciting such general interest among all classes. It was compiled when the gigantic power of France, under Buonaparte, had enabled him to overrun and humble every continental state, and even to threaten Great Britain; and when the spirit of this country was roused to exertion by a sense of the danger, and by the fervour of patriotism. The government of that day neglected no means to keep this spirit alive in the nation; and George III. conceiving the situation of his dominions to resemble, in many respects, that which terminated so fortunately for England in the days of Queen Elizabeth, directed proper researches to be made for ascertaining the principles and preparations adopted at that eventful period. The records of the Tower were accordingly consulted; and a selection of papers, apparently of the greatest consequence, was formed and printed, but not published. This work, which contained 420 pages in octavo, was entitled, A Report of the Arrangements which were made for the Internal Defence of these Kingdoms, when Spain, by its Armada, projected the Invasion and Conquest of England; and Application of the Wise Proceedings of our Ancestors to the Present Crisis of Public Safety. The papers in this work are classed in the order of external alliance, internal defence, military arrangements, and naval equipments. They are preceded by a statement of facts, in the history of Europe, at the period of the Spanish Armada; and a sketch of events, showing the effects of the Queen's measures at home and abroad. As a collection of historical documents, narrating an important event in British history, this work is invaluable; and, as showing the relative strength of this country in population and other resources in the sixteenth century, it is curious and interesting. J. Y.
- 26. NOTES ON HOMER, NO. II. (Continued from Vol. v., p. 100.) The Wolfian Theory. The most important consideration concerning Homer is the hypothesis of Wolf, which has been contested so hotly; but before entering on the consideration of this revolution, as it may be called, I shall lay before your readers the following quotation from the introduction of Fauriel to the old Provençal poem, "Histoire de la Croisade contre les Albigeois," in the Collection des Documens Inédits sur l'Histoire de France. He observes:— "The romances collectively designated by the title of Carlovingian, are, it would seem, the most ancient of all in the Provençal literature. They were not, originally, more than very short and simple poems, popular songs destined to be recited with more or less musical intonation, and susceptible, consequently on their shortness, of preservation without the aid of writing, and simply by oral tradition among the jongleurs, whose profession it was to sing them. Almost insensibly these songs developed themselves, and assumed a complex character; they attained a fixed length, and their re-composition required more invention and more design. In another point of view, they had increased in number in the same ratio as they had acquired greater extent and complexity; and things naturally attained such a position, that it became impossible to chant them from beginning to end by the aid of memory alone, nor could they be preserved any longer without the assistance of a written medium. They might be still occasionally sung in detached portions; but there exists scarcely a doubt, that from that period they began to be read; and it was only necessary to read them, in order to seize and appreciate their contents."[1] [1] P. xxx., quoted in Thirlwall's History of Greece (Appendix I.), vol. i. p. 506., where it is given in French. These remarks, though applied to another literature, contain the essentials of the theory developed by Wolf in regard to Homer. Before the time of Wolf, the popularly accepted opinion on this subject was as follows: That Homer, a poet of ancient date, wrote the Iliad and Odyssea in their present form; and that the rhapsodists having corrupted and interpolated the poems, Peisistratos, and Hipparchos, his son, corrected, revised, and restored these poems to their original condition. Such was the general opinion, when at the end of the seventeenth century doubts began to be thrown upon it, and the question began to be placed in a new light. The critics of the time were Casaubon, Perizon, Bentley, Hédelin, and Perrault, who, more or less, rejected the established opinion. Giambattista Vico made the first attempt to embody their speculations into one methodical work. His Principi di Scienza nuova contain the germ of the theory reproduced by Wolf with so much scholarship. Wolf, founding his theory on the investigations of Vico and Wood, extended or modified their views, and assumed that the poems were never written down at all until the time of Peisistratos, their arranger. In 1778, the famous Venetian Scholia were discovered by Villoison, throwing open to the world the investigations of the Alexandrian critics; and by showing what the ideas of the Chorizontes were (on whom it were madness to write after Mure), strengthening the views of Wolf. In 1795, then, were published his famous Prolegomena, containing the theory— "That the Iliad and Odyssey were not two complete poems, but small, separate, independent epic songs, celebrating single exploits of the heroes; and that these lays were, for the first time, written down and united as the Iliad and Odyssey by Peisistratus, tyrant of Athens."[2] [2] Smith, ii. p. 501. The former critics (Hédelin and Perrault) had been overruled, derided, and quashed by the force of public opinion; but Wolf brought so many arguments to support his views,—collected so formidable a mass of authorities, both traditional, internal, and written, that the classical world was obliged to
- 27. meet him with fresh arguments, as ridicule would not again succeed. Thus arose the formidable Wolfian controversy, which "scotched," though not "killed," the belief of the critical world in Homer. The principal arguments he adduces are from the poems themselves, in his attempt to establish the non-being of writing at the time of their composition. Thus, in the Odyssea,[3] a master of a vessel has to remember his cargo, not having a list of his goods; in the Iliad,[4] Bellerophon carries a folded tablet containing writing or signs to Prætos in Lycia. This Wolf interprets to signify conventional marks, like the picture writing of the otherwise civilised Mexicans.[5] Again, in the Iliad (vii. 175.), the chiefs are represented as throwing lots in a helmet, and the herald afterwards handing the lots round for recognition, as each of the lots bore a mark known only to the person who made it. From this Wolf argues that writing was unknown at the time, or the herald would have immediately read the names aloud. But do we not even now make use of such marks without confounding them with writing? This is nothing at all; and it must be remembered, firstly, that this does not apply to the Homeric time, but to the period of Troy; secondly, that if it had applied to that time, it would be absurd to expect from illiterate warrior chiefs, education superior to the mediæval crusaders, their counterparts at a later period of the world's progress. These are the principal arguments that Wolf adduces to prove the non-existence of writing at the Homeric period; whereas, far from proving anything, they are self-contradictory and incorrect. [3] Lib. viii. 163. [4] Lib. vi. 168. [5] See Mure, vol. iii., Appendix L., p. 507. foll.; and Appendix M. vol. iii. p. 512. foll.; and see chap. vii. book iii. vol. iii. p. 397. passim. To prove that the Peisistratidæ first wrote down the poems of Homer, he cites Josephus (Orat. contr. Apion., i. 2.), who observes that— "No writing, the authenticity of which is acknowledged, is found among the Greeks earlier than the poetry of Homer; and, it is said, that even he did not commit his works to writing, but that, having been preserved in the memory of men, the songs were afterwards connected." Josephus had merely heard this reported, as is evident from his use of the words "it is said." Pausanias, in the Tour in Greece (vii. 26. 6.), has the following observation:— "A village called Donussa, between Ægira and Pellene, belonging to the Sicyonians, was destroyed by that people. Homer, say they, remembered this town in his epic, in the enumeration of the people of Agamemnon, 'Hyperesia then, and Donoessa, rocky town' (Ιλ. β. 573.); but when Peisistratos collected the torn and widely scattered songs of Homer, either he himself, or one of his friends, altered the name through ignorance." Wolf also makes use of this report, liable to the same objections as the above, as one of his proofs. It is even doubtful whether Peisistratos did edit Homer at all; but, under any circumstances, it was not the first edition;[6] for is not Solon represented as the reviser of the Homeric poems? [6] Granville Penn, On the primary Arrangement of the Iliad; and Appendix B to Mure, vol. i. Cicero (de Oratore, iii. 34.) says: "Who is traditionally reported to have had more learning at that time, or whose eloquence received greater ornaments from polite literature than that of Peisistratos? who is said to have been the first that arranged the books of Homer, from their confused state, into that order in which we at present enjoy them." This also is produced as a proof by Wolf, though, for the same reason, it is doubtful. But see Wolf's principal inaccuracies ably enumerated and exposed by Clinton (F.H., i. p. 370.).
- 28. Such is the far-famed theory of Wolf, which, as most modern scholars agree, is only calculated "to conduct us to most preposterous conclusions."[7] And this last dictum of Othello's, Mr. Editor, reminds me, that here it would not be preposterous to come to a conclusion for the present, and to close my observations in another paper, where I shall a theory "unfold," which, after the most patient consideration and reconsideration, I am inclined to think the most approximative to the truth. [7] Othello, Act I. Sc. 3. Kenneth R. H. Mackenzie. Feb. 16. 1852. FOLK LORE. Fernseed. —I find in Dr. Jackson's works allusions to a superstition which may interest some of your readers: "It was my hap," he writes, "since I undertook the ministery, to question an ignorant soul (whom by undoubted report I had known to have been seduced by a teacher of unhallowed arts, to make a dangerous experiment) what he saw or heard, when he watcht the falling of the Fernseed at an unseasonable and suspicious hour. Why (quoth he), fearing (as his brief reply occasioned me to conjecture) lest I should press him to tell before company, what he had voluntarily confessed unto a friend in secret some fourteen years before, do you think that the devil hath aught to do with that good seed? No; it is in the keeping of the king of Fayries, and he, I know, will do me no harm, although I should watch it again; yet had he utterly forgotten this king's name, upon whose kindness he so presumed, until I remembered it unto him out of my reading in Huon of Burdeaux. "And having made this answer, he began to pose me thus; Sr , you are a scholar, abut I am none: Tell me what said the angel to our Lady? or what conference had our Lady with her cousin Elizabeth concerning the birth of St. John the Baptist? "As if his intention had been to make bystanders believe that he knew somewhat more on this point than was written in such books as I use to read. "Howbeit the meaning of his riddle I quickly conceived, and he confessed to be this; that the angel did foretell John Baptist should be born at that very instant, in which the Fernseed, at other times invisible, did fall: intimating further (as far as I could then perceive) that this saint of God had some extraordinary vertue from the time or circumstance of his birth." Jackson's Works, book v. cap. xix. 8. vol. i. p. 916. Lond. 1673, fol. In the sixth and seventh sections of the same chapter and book I find allusions to a maiden over whom Satan had no power "so long as she had vervine and St. John's grass about her;" to the danger of "robbing a swallow's nest built in a fire-house;" and to the virtues of "south-running water." Delrius also is referred to as having collected many similar instances. I have not access to Delrius, nor yet to Huon of Burdeaux, and so am compelled deeply to regret that the good doctor did not leave on record the name of the "king of the Fayries."[8] [8] [Oberon is his name, which Mr. Keightley shows to be identical with Elberich. See Fairy Mythology, p. 208. (ed. 1850).—Ed.] Rt.
- 29. Cornish Folk Lore. —A recent old cottage tenant at Poliphant, near Launceston, when asked why he allowed a hole in the wall of his house to remain unrepaired, answered that he would not have it stopped up on any account, as he left it on purpose for the piskies (Cornish for pixies) to come in and out as they had done for many years. This is only a sample of the current belief and action. S. R. P. DICTIONARY OF ARCHAIC AND PROVINCIAL WORDS. Will you allow me to suggest that, under the above, or some such heading, "N. & Q." should receive any words not to be found in any well-known dictionary; such, for instance, as Halliwell's or Webster's, which do not by any means contain all the words belonging to the class of which they profess to be the repositories. You may also invite barristers, reporters, professional men generally, and others, to send such waifs of this description as they meet with. "N. & Q." will then soon become in this department of literature, as it is already in many others, a rich mine from which future authors will draw precious store of knowledge. I will begin by giving one or two examples. Earth-burn. An intermittent land-spring, which may not show itself for several years. There is such a spring, and so named, near to Epsom. Lavant. A land-spring, according to Halliwell. But this also is an intermittent spring. The word is probably from lava, to flow. Pick. (Lancashire.) To push with the hand. "I gen her a pick;" that is, "I pushed her from me;" or, "I gave her a violent push forward." Pick is also the instrument colliers get coals with; or an excavator gets earth with; or a stonemason uses to take the "rough" off a stone. He may also finish the face of ashlar by "fine- picking" it. Gen. (Lancashire.) A contraction of the word gave. Robert Rawlinson. P.S.—I have seen, in a court of justice in Lancashire, judge and counsel fairly set fast with a broad spoken county person; and many of the words in common use are not to be found in any dictionary or glossary. Again, I have spoken to reporters as to technical words used at such meetings, for instance, as those of the mechanical engineers in Birmingham, and I have been informed that they are frequently bewildered and surprised at the numbers of words in use having the same meaning, but which are not to be found in any dictionary. It would be of the utmost value to seize and fix these words. R. R. [The proposal of our correspondent jumps so completely with the object of "N. & Q.," as announced in our original Prospectus, that we not only insert it, but hope that his invitation will be responded to by all who meet with archaisms either in their reading or in their intercourse with natives of those various districts of England which are richest in provincialisms.—Ed.] THE LAST OF THE PALÆOLOGI.
- 30. In Chambers' Edinburgh Journal, vol. xvii. p. 24., there is a very interesting article, bearing the above heading, in which it is shown that Theodore Palæologus, the fourth in direct descent from Thomas, the younger brother of Constantine, the last Christian Emperor of Greece, lies buried in the church of Landulph in Cornwall. This Theodore married Mary, the daughter of William Balls, of Hadley in Suffolk, gentleman; by whom he had issue five children, Theodore, John, Ferdinando, Maria, and Dorothy. Theodore, the first son, died in or about 1693, without issue. Of John and Ferdinando there is no trace in this country. Maria died unmarried; and Dorothy was married at Landulph to William Arundell in 1636, and died in 1681. Ferdinando Palæologus appears to have died in the island of Barbadoes in 1678, and was buried in the church of St. John. These researches are extremely interesting, and it is only to be regretted that they are not more frequently made and left on record. Allow me to suggest that such of your readers as have time, inclination, and opportunity for making inquiries of this nature, should, through the medium of "N. & Q.," place on record any striking illustrations similar to the above. Your own publication, Vol. iii., p. 350., contains a list of names of the poor of St. Albans, several of which are borne still by noble families. Possibly there may be still existing descendants of the Dorothy Palæologus who married William Arundell at Landulph. To mention another instance: I believe there now lives at Rugby a member of the legal profession, who is directly descended from one of the most renowned Polish families. Particulars of this case, if furnished by or with the consent of the head of the family, would, I have no doubt, prove exceedingly interesting. L. L. L. THE LAST LAY OF PETRARCH'S CAT. In the year 1820 I saw the following Latin verse inscribed under the skeleton of a cat in one of the rooms of Petrarch's favourite villa at Arqua, near Padua. If you choose to print them, with or without the accompanying English version, they are at your service:— Etruscus gemino vates ardebat amore: Maximus ignis ego; Laura secundus erat. Quid rides? divinæ illam si gratia formæ, Me dignam eximio fecit amante fides. Si numeros geniumque sacris dedit illa libellis Causa ego ne sævis muribus esca forent. Arcebam sacro vivens à limine mures, Ne domini exitio scripta diserta forent; Incutio trepidis eadem defuncta pavorem, Et viget exanimi in corpore prisca fides. The Tuscan bard of deathless fame Nursed in his breast a double flame, Unequally divided; And when I say I had his heart,
- 31. While Laura play'd the second part, I must not be derided. For my fidelity was such, It merited regard as much As Laura's grace and beauty; She first inspired the poet's lay, But since I drove the mice away, His love repaid my duty. Through all my exemplary life, So well did I in constant strife Employ my claws and curses, That even now, though I am dead, Those nibbling wretches dare not tread On one of Petrarch's verses. J. O. B. Minor Notes. Sobriquet. —As this word is now pretty generally adopted in our language, I send you this Note to say that the word is not soubriquet, as some of your correspondents write it, but sobriquet; the former being what the French term a locution vicieuse, and only used by the illiterate. Ménage derives the word from rubridiculum. Philip S. King. Origin of Paper. —Whether a product is indigenous or foreign may generally be determined by the rule in linguistics, that similarity of name in different languages denotes foreign extraction, and variety of name indigenous production. The dog, whose name is different in most languages, shows that he is indigenous to most countries. The cat, on the contrary, having almost the same name in many languages, is therefore of foreign extraction in nearly all countries. The word paper is common to many tongues, the moderns having adopted it from the Greek; in which language, however, the root of the word is not significant. In Coptic (ai guptic) the word bavir means a plant suitable for weaving: and is derived from the Egyptian roots ba, fit, proper; and vir, to weave. The art of paper-making may therefore be inferred to be the invention of the Egyptians; and further, that paper was made by them as by us, from materials previously woven. This inference would be either confirmatory or corrective of history, in case the history were doubtful, which it is not. T. J. B. Lichfield. Persistency of Proper Names.
- 32. —The village of Boscastle, originally founded by the Norman Botreaux, still contains, amongst other French names, the following:—Moise, Amy, Benoke, Gard, Avery (Query, Yvery),—all old family names; and places still called Palais, Jardin, and a brook called Valency. S. R. P. Launceston. Cheap Maps. —This is the age of cheap maps and atlases, yet the public is miserably supplied. We have maps advertised from 1d. to 5s., and atlases from 10s. 6d. to 10 guineas. Yet they are generally impressions from old plates, or copies of old plates, with a few places of later notoriety marked, without taking the entire chart from the latest books of voyages and travels. Look at the maps of Affghanistan, Scinde, Indian Isles, American Isthmus, &c. On inquiry at all our shops here for a moderately priced map of the new railway across South America to Panama, and for maps of California and Borneo, not one could be got. Have any of your chart-wrights in London got up such maps for youth and emigrants? If not, let them take the hint now given by Paterfamiliæ. Edinburgh.
- 33. Queries. DID ST. PAUL QUOTE ARISTOTLE? Throughout the writings of St. Paul, his exactly cultivated mind is scarcely less visible than his divinely inspired soul. Notwithstanding his magnificent rebukes of human learning and philosophy, and his sublime exaltation of the foolishness of God above the wisdom of men, the Apostle of the Gentiles was no mean master of Gentile learning. His three well-known quotations from Greek poets furnish direct evidence of his acquaintance with Greek literature. He proclaimed the fatherhood of God to the Athenians in the words of his countryman the poet Aratus (Acts, xvii. 28.). He warns the Corinthians by a moral common-place borrowed from the dramatist Menander (1 Cor. xv. 33.). He brings an hexameter verse of a Cretan poet as a testimony to the bad character of the Cretan people (Titus, i. 12.). I do not positively assert that I have discovered a fourth quotation; I would merely inquire whether the appearance in a Pauline epistle of a sentence which occurs in a treatise of Aristotle, is to be regarded as a quotation, or as an accidental and most singular identity of expression. In the Politics (lib. iii. cap. 8.), Aristotle, in speaking of very powerful members of a community, says, "κατα δε των τοιουτων ουκ εστι νομος" ("but against such there is no law"). In the Epistle to the Galatians (v. 23.), Paul, after enumerating the fruits of the Spirit, adds, "against such there is no law" ("κατα των τοιουτων ουκ εστι νομος"). The very same words which the philosopher uses to express the exceptional character of certain over-powerful citizens, the apostle borrows, or, at least, employs, to signify the transcendent nature of divine graces. According to Aristotle, mighty individuals are above legal restraint, against such the general laws of a state do not avail: according to Paul, the fruits of the Spirit are too glorious and divine for legal restraint; they dwell in a region far above the regulation of the moral law. While there is no possibility of demonstrating that this identity of expression is a quotation, there is nothing to forbid the idea of this sentence being a loan from the philosopher to the apostle. Paul was as likely to be at home in the great philosophers, as in the second and third-rate poets of Greece. The circumstance of Aratus being of his own birth-place, Tarsus, might specially commend the Phænomena to his perusal; but the great luminary of Grecian science was much more likely to fall within his perusal than an obscure versifier of Crete; and if he thought it not unseemly to quote frown a comic writer, he surely would not disdain to borrow a sentence from the mighty master of Stagira. The very different employment which he and Aristotle find for the same words makes nothing against the probability of quotation. The sentence is remarkable, not in form, but in meaning. There is nothing in the mere expression peculiarly to commend it to the memory, or give it proverbial currency. I cannot say that it is a quotation; I cannot say that it is not. I am not aware that this quotation or identity of expression has been pointed out before. Wetstein, who above all editors of the Greek Testament abounds in illustrations and parallel passages from the classics, takes no notice of this identical one. It is surely worth the noting; and should anything occur to any of your correspondents either to confirm or demolish the idea of quotation, I would gladly be delivered out of my doubt. I should not think less reverently of St. Paul in believing him indebted to Aristotle; I should rather rejoice in being assured that one of the greatest spiritual benefactors of mankind was acquainted with one of its chief intellectual benefactors. Thomas H. Gill.
- 34. Minor Queries. Silver Royal Font. —I remember having read of a very ancient silver font, long preserved among the treasures of the British crown, in which the infants of our royal families were commonly baptized. Is this relic still in existence? where may it be seen? what is its history? have any cuts or engravings of it been published? where may any particulars respecting it be found? Nocab. L'Homme de 1400 Ans. —In that very extraordinary part of a very extraordinary transaction, the statement of Cagliostro, in the matter of the Collier (Paris, 1786, pp. 20. 36.), mention is twice made of an imaginary personage called l'homme de 1400 ans. Cagliostro complains that he was said to be that personage, or the Wandering Jew, or Antichrist. He is not, therefore, the same as the Wandering Jew. I should be very curious to learn where this notion is derived from. C. B. Llandudno, on the Great Orme's Head. —Having occasion to visit the above interesting place last summer, among other objects of curiosity, I was induced to visit a "cavern," which the inhabitants said had been lately discovered, and which they said had been used by the "Romans" (Roman Catholics) as a place of worship. A party of five hired a boat for the purpose of visiting the place, which is about two miles from the little bay of Llandudno; for it is quite inaccessible by land. We arrived in about an hour; and were quite surprised at the appearance of the "cavern," which seems to have been made as private as possible, and as inaccessible, by large stones being piled carelessly upon each other, so as to hide the entrance, and which we could not have found without the assistance of the sailors. The "cavern" is about ten feet high, lined with smooth and well-jointed stone work, with a plain but nicely executed cornice at the height of seven or eight feet. The shape is heptagonal, and the fronts on each side are faced with smooth stone; the space from front to back, and from side to side, is equal, about six feet six inches. On the right, close to the entrance, is a font, sixteen inches across inside, twenty-two outside, and eight or nine inches deep. There is a seat round, except at the entrance; and there has been a stone table or altar in the centre, but a small portion of it and the pillar only remain. The floor has been flagged, but it is in a very dilapidated state. That it was used for worship, there is little doubt; but how and when it was fitted up, seems marvellous. It is not mentioned by Pennant, or any Welsh tourist. Will any of your correspondents oblige me and the public with the history of this "cavern," as it is called, at Llandudno? L. G. T. Johnson's House, Bolt Court. —Can any of your readers inform me whether the house in which Dr. Johnson resided, and in which he died, situate in Bolt Court, Fleet Street, is yet in existence? You are probably aware that an engraving of it appeared in the Graphic Illustrations edited by Mr. Croker, and prefixed to this engraving was an announcement that it was destroyed by fire. There is reason, however, to believe that this is a mistake, and that the house so destroyed by fire belonged not to Johnson, but to Johnson's friend, Allen the printer.
- 35. You are probably aware that the house which stands opposite the Johnson's Head Tavern, is shown as the residence of the great moralist; and on comparing another engraving by Smith of the Doctor's study with the room now claimed to have been occupied by Johnson, the likeness is exact. Cobbett, too, who afterwards lived here, boasted in one of his publications that he was writing in the same room where Johnson compiled his Dictionary. At any rate it is an interesting question, and probably can be set at rest by some of your literary friends, especially as I have reason to believe that there is one gentleman still living who visited the Doctor in Bolt Court. Madame D'Arblay, I think, once said, that the author of the Pleasures of Memory arrived at the door at the same moment with herself during Johnson's last illness. Edwin Lechlade. Bishop Mossom. —Robert Mossom, D.D., was prebendary of Knaresboro' in Yorkshire, 1662, and Bishop of Derry, 1666. In dedicating his Zion's Prospect (1651) to Henry (Pierrepont) Marquess of Dorchester and Earl of Kingston, towards the end he says, "Besides this, mine relation to your late deceased uncle;" then referring to the margin he has "Ds. T. G., Eques felicis memoriæ." Zion's Prospect (a copy of which, with several of his other works, is in the library of the British Museum) has on the title-page, "By R. M., quondam è collo S. P. C." His grandson, Robert Mossom, D.D. (son of Robert Mossom, LL.D., Master in the French Court of Chancery), was Senior Fellow of Trinity College, Dublin, and subsequently Dean of Ossory from 1701 to 1747; he married Rebecca, daughter and coheir of Robert Mason of Dublin, and granddaughter, I believe, of Jonathan Alaud of Waterford. Dean Mossom was one of the oldest friends of Dean Swift; Sir Walter Scott has but one letter to him in Swift's Correspondence (2nd ed. Edin. 1824, vol. xix. p. 275.). Are there any other letters that passed between them in existence? Can any of your readers refer me to a pedigree of the Masons of Dublin, and also any pedigree that connects the Mossom with the Elaud family of Yorkshire? What college was that of S. P. C.? and who was Sir T. G——, Knt.; and how was he related to Bishop Mossom? T. C. M. M. Inner Temple. Orlando Gibbons. —Hawkins, in his History of Music, gives "a head" of this musician. Is there any other engraved portrait? Edward F. Rimbault. Portraits. —What is the most correct catalogue of all the engraved portraits which are known to exist? S. S. Barnard's Church Music. —Can any of your readers point out where John Barnard's first book of selected church music, folio, ten parts, 1641, is to be found? The writer knows of the imperfect set at Hereford Cathedral, a tenor part at Canterbury, and a bass part in private hands. Dr. Burney makes mention, in his History
- 36. of Music, of having sought diligently throughout the kingdom, but could not find an entire copy. Perhaps some of your correspondents may kindly favour the writer with a list of its contents. Amanuensis. The Nelson Family. —In Burke's Commoners, under the head of "Nelson of Chuddleworth," it appears that William Nelson of Chuddleworth, born in 1611, had by his second wife, the daughter of John Pococke, gentleman, of Woolley, among other children, a son named William; but of whom no further mention is made. Can any of your Norfolk or Berkshire friends state whether this son William ever settled at Dunham Parva, in Norfolk?—as, by so doing, an obligation will be conferred on your occasional correspondent Franciscus. Letters to the Clergy. —In the Diary of Walter Yonge (published by the Camden Society), p. 24., is the following: "16 Dec. 1614. This day the Ministers of this Diocese (Exon) were called before the Bishop of Exon, who read letters from the Archbishop, the effects of which were, that every minister should exhort his parishioners to continue together the Sabbath Day, and not to wander to other preachers who have better gifts than their own pastors, but should content themselves with the Word of God read and Homilies. 2. That all should kneel at the receiving of the Sacrament. 3. To declare unto their parishioners that it is not necessary to have the Word preached at the Sacraments.—Dictu Magistri Knowles, Vicarii de Axminster, at that time present." Query, Can any of your readers say to what letter, and on what occasion such orders were issued by the archbishop, and also whether they have been published in any volume on ecclesiastical matters? H. T. E. Margaret Burr. —It is related in Allan Cunningham's Life of Gainsborough, that he married a young lady named Margaret Burr, of Scottish extraction; and that "On an occasion of household festivity, when her husband was high in fame, she vindicated some little ostentation in her dress by whispering to her niece, now Mrs. Lane, 'I have some right to this, for you know, my love, I am a prince's daughter.'" The biographer of the British Painters prefaces this by saying, "Nor must I omit to tell that rumour conferred other attractions (besides an annuity) upon her; she was said to be the natural daughter of one of our exiled princes, nor was she, when a wife and a mother, desirous of having this circumstance forgotten." As I just now read in Vol. iv., p. 244., some account of Berwick, and other natural children of James II., I was put in mind of the above anecdote, and should be glad of any information respecting the Miss Burr's parentage in question. Myself a collateral descendant of her husband, I know from other sources that the tradition is worthy of credit; and to the genealogist and antiquary it may be a historically interesting enquiry.
- 37. H. W. G. R. Northern Ballads. —Is any gentleman in possession of any old printed copies of Danish or Swedish popular ballads, or of any manuscript collection of similar remains? Are any such known to exist in any public library in Great Britain? By printed, of course I mean old fly-sheets, from the sixteenth century downward; they are generally of four, sometimes of eight, leaves small octavo. Any information, either personally, or through "N. & Q.," will much oblige George Stephens. Copenhagen. "Blamed be the man," &c. —Where is the following couplet to be found? "Blamed be the man that first invented ink, And made it easier for to write than think." N. O. K. "Quid est Episcopus." —Can any correspondent furnish me with the reference to a passage supposed to exist in one of the early fathers (I think Irenæus):— "Quid est episcopus, nisi primus presbyter?" X. G. X. Henry Isaac. —I shall feel obliged to any person who can give any account (for genealogical purposes) of Henry Isaac, who lived at Roehampton about the middle of last century. He was a diamond merchant from Holland. He had a collection of pictures, one of which was the Lord of the Vineyard paying his Labourers, by Rembrandt. H. T. E. German Poet quoted by Camden. —Britannia, sive regnorum Angliæ, Scotiæ, et Hiberniæ chorographica descriptio: Gulielmo Camdeno: Lond. 1607, folio, p. 302., Middlesex. "Nec magno hinc intervallo Tamisim duplici ostiolo Colus postquam insulas sparserit, illabitur. Ad quem ut nostræ ætatis Poeta Germanus lusit: "'Tot campos, sylvas, tot regia tecta, tot hortos Artifici dextrâ excultos, tot vidimus arces, Aut nunc Ausonio, Tamisis cum Tybride certet.'" Camden, speaking of the Colne falling with a double mouth into the Thames, quotes a German poet of his day; and I should be much obliged by any reader of the "N. & Q." favouring me with the name, and reference to the author from whence the preceding quotation is taken. ☞ F.
- 38. American Degrees. —Several members of the Brougham Institute here, and constant readers of "N. & Q.," would feel obliged if some of your learned correspondents would give them some information about the obtaining of American degrees, as recently a large cargo of diplomas had arrived in this quarter, such as D.D. and LL.D., and conferred on men of third-rate talent. What we want is, to be informed how such degrees are obtained; if it is the president, or president and professors, of the American academies who confer them. This subject is so frequently agitated here, that you would greatly oblige many inquirers by making a question of it in "N. & Q.," so that we may obtain full reply explanatory of how these degrees are obtained, and of the bestowers of them. J. W. Liverpool. Derivation of News. —It is just two years since the word News was stated to be derived from the initial letters of the cardinal points of the compass, as prefixed to early newspapers. I well remember the impression which the statement made on me: if written seriously, as a mark of credulity; if sportively, as rather out of place. Moreover, it was both stated as a fact, and as an ingenious etymology—a manifest inconsistency. In the fierce and tiresome discussion which arose out of that announcement, the main points in support of the asserted derivation were never once introduced. Do such early newspapers exist? Is the derivation itself of early date? As to the first question, I must declare that no such newspapers ever came under my observation; but as to the second, it must be admitted that the derivation has been in print, with all the weight of evidence which belongs to it, above two centuries. I shall assume, if not better informed, that it has no other authority than the subjoined epigram in Wits recreations, first published in 1640, and said to contain the finest fancies of the muses of those times. In default of the original edition of that rare work, I transcribe from the re-publication of it in 1817. "News. "When news doth come, if any would discusse The letter of the word, resolve it thus: News is convey'd by letter, word, or mouth, And comes to us from North, East, West, and South." Bolton Corney. Passage in Troilus and Cressida. —Would MR. J. Payne Collier, whose name I have often seen among your contributors, have the kindness to inform me whether any light is thrown, in the emendations inserted in his folio edition of Shakspeare, 1628, on a line which has always puzzled me in Ulysses' speech in council, in Scene 3. of Act I. of Troilus and Cressida? The passage runs thus: "How could communities, Degrees in schools, and brotherhood in cities, Peaceful commérce from dividable shores,
- 39. The primogenitive and due of birth, Prerogative of age, crowns, sceptres, laurels, But by degree, stand in authentic place?" It will be seen that the third line, according to the usual pronunciation of the last word, is defective in scanning; that, if derived from divido, the vowel in the penultimate syllable would be i and not a; and that, even if intended to express the word divided, as suggested by one of our commentators, would be too vague and inexpressive. Might I suggest that the derivation is not from the word divido, but rather from a compound of the words divitiæ and do; the expression "riches-giving shores" not only completing the sense of the passage, but forming a compound not uncommon with our immortal bard. W. S. D. Bachelor's Buttons. —That should be their name if they exist; but, if so, where are they to be got? I never heard of them. I should think a clever fellow might make a fortune by inventing some kind of substitute which a man without the time, skill, or materials necessary for sewing on a button, might put in the place of a deserter. If you do not insert this Query, may your brace buttons fly off next time you are dressing in a hurry to dine with the grandest people you know! Your Wellwisher. Princes of Wales and Earls of Chester, eldest Sons of the Kings of England. —In the New Memoirs of Literature, vol. iv., July, 1726, it was announced that Mr. Bush, one of the Clerks of the Record Office in the Tower, and late Fellow of King's College, Cambridge, designed to print a Collection of Charters, Letters Patent, and other instruments concerning the creation and investiture of the eldest sons of the Kings of England as Princes of Wales, Dukes of Cornwall, Earls of Chester and Flint, &c. &c., from the time of Edward, the first Prince of Wales (afterwards King Edward II.), to the time of Edward IV. Can any of your correspondents inform me whether such a work ever was published? and who was the editor of the monthly review entitled New Memoirs of Literature, which extended to six volumes 8vo.? It contains notices of many old and now rare works, and stopped in December, 1727. G. Authenticated Instances of Longevity. —Your correspondent A. B. R. (antè, p. 145.) and others argue their question of the old Countess of Desmond very ably;—will any one of them be pleased to argue my question? Is there one word of truth in the story, or any other story that rests, as a preliminary condition, on the assumption that people have lived to one hundred and fifty years of age? Of course the proof is to rest on dates and facts, parish registers—on clear legal evidence. It is admitted by actuaries and others, learned in such matters, that the average duration of life is greater now than it was; so, we might fairly assume, would be the exceptional life. Can these gentlemen refer us to a single instance of an insured person who lived to one hundred and fifty? to one hundred and forty, thirty, twenty, ten? aye, to one hundred and ten? There is a nonsensical inscription to this effect on the portrait of a man of the name of Gibson, hung up in Greenwich Hospital, but its untruth has been proved. I also remember another case made out to the entire satisfaction of some benevolent ladies, by, as afterwards appeared, the baptismal register of John the father being made to do duty as the register of John the son. I mention these things as a warning; I protest, too, at starting against flooding "N. & Q." with evidence brought from Russia or America, or any of the back settlements of the world,
- 40. and against all evidence of people with impossible memories. What I want is good legal evidence; the greatest age of the oldest members of the Equitable, Amicable, and other Insurance offices— lives certainly beyond the average; the greatest age of a member of the House of Peers coming within the eye of proof. When these preliminary questions, and reasonable inferences, shall have been determined, it will, I think, be quite time enough to raise questions about the old Countess, old Parr, old Jenkins, and other like ante-register longevities. O. C. D. Minor Queries Answered. Laud's Letters and Papers. —Can any of your correspondents inform one where any unpublished letters or papers of Archbishop Laud are to be met with, besides those at Lambeth or in the British Museum? Anthony à Wood mentions his speech against Nathanael Fiennes; and Wanley, in his Catalogue of English and Irish MSS., states that many of his writings, both political and theological, were extant at that time in private libraries. B. J. [Archbishop Laud's Works are now in the course of publication in the Library of Anglo- Catholic Theology, and from the editor's valuable bibliographical prefaces to vols. i. and ii., we think it probable that some notices of these MSS. will be given in the subsequent volumes. Our correspondent may also consult Catalogi Librorum Manuscriptorum Angliæ et Hiberniæ, Oxon. 1697.] Scot's Philomythie. —Philomythie, or Philomythologie, wherein Outlandish Birds, Beasts, and Fishes are taught to speak true English plainlie, &c. The same volume, a small quarto unpaged, contains "The Merrie American Philosopher, or Wise Man of the New World," and "Certaine Pieces of this Age Parabolized, viz. Duellum Britannicum; Regalis Justitia Jacobi; Aquignispicium; Antidotum Cecillianum; by Thomas Scot, Gentleman, 1616, with illustrative woodcuts." Query: Is the book rare, and who was Thomas Scot? L. S. [But little appears to be known of the personal history of Thomas Scot. Sir S. Egerton Brydges, in his Censura Literaria, vol. iii. pp. 381-386., and vol. iv. p. 32., has given some account of his works, but no biographical notice of the author. The dedications to his poems being principally to the Norfolk and Suffolk gentry, it is probable he belonged to one of those counties. The first edition of Philomythie was published in 1610; the second in 1616; but some copies of the second edition, according to Lowndes, are dated 1622, others 1640. There is a third portion which our correspondent does not appear to possess, entitled The Second Part of Philomythie, or Philomythologie, containing Certaine Tales of true libertie, false friendship, power united, faction and ambition. By Thomas Scot, Gent. London, 1616, 1625. Thomas Park thought that, from the great disparity of merit between this and the preceding part, there is little reason to suppose them to be by the same author, though they bear the same name. Scot's works are considered rare, especially his first, entitled Four Paradoxes of Arte, of Lawe, of Warre, of Seruice: London, 1602,
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