1. ASIAN INSTITUTE OF MARITIME STUDIES
Pasay City, Philippines
PART II
MODULE TITLE:
HISTORICALANTECEDENTS IN THE COURSE OF SCIENCE AND
TECHNOLOGY
Course Code: NGEC 7
PROF. ANGELINA DELA CERNAAMONCEDA MACP, PhD (CAR)
2. COURSE OUTCOME
CO2: Imbibe the importance of science and technology in the
definition of good life, preservation of the environment to foster the
value of a healthy lifestyle toward the holistic and sustainable
development of the Filipino nation
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
LO2.1: Discuss the role of Science and Technology in Philippine
nation building
LO2.2: Evaluate actual science and technology policies of the
government in terms of their contributions to Philippine Nation
Building
3. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AND NATION BUILDING
INTRODUCTION:
The history of science and technology in the Philippines started way back before the
country gained its independence from the American colonizers. Before the coming of
the Spanish colonizers, the early inhabitants had their own culture & traditions. They had
their own belief system and indigenous knowledge system that keeps them organized
and sustained their lives and communities for many years.
Technology is used by people in building houses, irrigations and in developing tools that
they can use in their everyday life. They developed tools for planting, hunting, cooking
and fishing; for fighting their enemies during war or tribal conflicts; and for transportation.
They also used technology in creating musical instruments. Also, trading with China,
Indonesia, Japan and other nearby countries have influenced their lives by providing
opportunities for cultural and technological exchange.
4. PRE COLONIAL PERIOD
• Scientific and Technological development in the Philippines
started in this period.
• Earl Filipino were already using herbs as medicine before the
Spaniards came.
• Farming and Animal raising were implemented
• Development of different modes of transportation (terrestrial or
maritime)
• Rice Terraces - a complicatedengineering of the Cordilleras built
by hand.
• Irrigation system that uses water from forest.
5. SPANISH ERA
When the Spaniards colonized the country, they brought with them their
own culture and practices. They established schools for boys and girls
and introduced the concept of subjects and disciplines. It was the
beginning of formal science and technology in the country, known now
as school of science and technology.
The History of the Philippines from 1565 to 1898 is known as the Spanish colonial
period, during which the Philippine Islands were ruled as the
Captaincy General of the Philippines within the Spanish East Indies, initially under
the Viceroyalty of New Spain, based in Mexico City, until the I
ndependence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821.
6. SPANISH ERA
Life during the Spanish Era slowly became modernized, adapting some
Western technology and their ways of life. The Filipinos developed ways to
replicate technology brought by the Spaniards using indigenous materials.
Medicine and advanced science were introduced in formal colleges and
universities established by the Catholic orders.
7. GALLEON TRADE
The GALLEON TRADE has brought additional technology and
development in the Philippines. Although it is only beneficial for the
Spaniards, these trades allowed other ideas, crops, tools, cultural
practices, technology, and Western practices to reach the country. Some
of the Filipino students who were able to study in Europe also
contributed to the advancement of medicine, engineering, arts, music,
and literature in the country.
8. AMERICAN ERA
• The Americans have more influence in the development of science and technology in
the Philippines compared to the Spaniards.
• Established the public education system
• Improved the engineering works and health conditions of the people.
• Established a modern research university, UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES.
• Created more public hospitals.
• Mineral resources were explored and exploited during the American times.
• Transportation and communication systems were improved, though not accessible
throughout the country.
The Americans did everything to “Americanize” the Philippines. They reorganized the
learning of science and introduced it in the public and private schools. In basic
education, science education focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation, until
it became a subject formally known as “Science.” The teaching of science in higher
education has also greatly improved and modernized. Researches were done to control
malaria, cholera, and tuberculosis and other tropical diseases.
9. AMERICAN ERA
World War II has destabilized the
development of the country in many
ways. Institutions and public
facilities were turned into ashes,
houses were burned, and many
lives were destroyed. The country
had a difficult time to rebuild itself
from the ruins of the war. The
human spirit to survive and to
rebuild the country may be strong
but the capacity of the country to
bring back what was
destroyed was limited.
10. NEW REPUBLIC PERIOD
The New Republic is an American magazine of commentary on politics,
contemporary culture, and the arts. Founded in 1914 by several leaders
of the progressive movement, it attempted to find a balance between "a
liberalism centered in humanitarian and moral passion and one based in
an ethos of scientific analysis".
11. WORLD GREATEST INVENTIONS
GLADIATOR ARENAS: AN URBAN
CENTERPIECE
As the Ancient period progressed, technology grew in
complexity, but some concepts remained the same. The
allure of the Roman Gladiatorial games gathered the
masses, similar to the Mesopotamian ziggurats and the
football games of modernity. These events were one of the
main forms of entertainment in the Roman Empire, and
thus gained vast amounts of attention from the people of
that time.
PLATO’S CLOCK
Plato’s first model of the alarm clock was a
key technological innovation with regards to
time management, opening doors for future
inventions and advancements.
12. WORLD GREATEST INVENTIONS
ARCHIMEDES: INNOVATION IN THE BATHTUB
As society began to grow around edifices
like the ancient ziggurats, language, math,
and philosophy grew too. Archimedes,
known as “the most famous mathematician
and inventor in ancient Greece,” spent most
of his career in Syracuse.
FILIPINO INVENTIONS
It is a lithium-ion battery-powered
version of the traditional jeepney and
produces zero emissions and no noise
pollution, making it an environmentally
friendly alternative to the diesel-fueled
jeepney.
13. FILIPINO INVENTIONS
MICROCHIPS
A humble child of a rice farmer from Cagayan Valley,
Dado Banatao worked his way up from a barefoot
student to a Mapua cum laude to a trainee pilot to an
alumnus of Stanford University. He was a member of the
Homebrew Computer Club with Steve Jobs and Steve
Wozniak. His efforts resulted in the invention of the PC
chipset and the Windows Graphics accelerator chip,
both of which are still used in computers today.
THE BAMBOO INCUBATOR
Fe del Mundo was a great many things. A
pioneering pediatrician in the Philippines, she
studied at the University of the Philippines and
pursued further training in Boston. In 1941, to
help rural communities without electricity, she
designed the bamboo incubator, a makeshift
incubator that utilized two wicker laundry
baskets of varying sizes.
14. GOVERNMENT POLICIES IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
The Philippine Government introduced and implemented programs,
projects and policies to boost science and technology. The goal is to
prepare the whole country and its people to meet the demands of a
technologically driven world and capacitate the people to live in a
world driven by science.
• Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies
and Governance.
• Physics, Engineering, and Industrial Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and Mathematics.
• Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences.
• Biological Sciences, Agriculture, and Forestry.
15. 1ST
POLICY
• Social Sciences, Humanities, Education, International Policies
and Governance
• Integrating ASEAN awareness in basic education without
adding to the curriculum.
• Emphasizing teaching in the mother tongue.
• Developing school infrastructure and providing ICT
broadband.
• Local food security.
16. 2ND
POLICY
• Physics, Engineering and Industrial Research, Earth and Space
Sciences, and
• Mathematics
• Emphasizing degrees, licenses and employment
opportunities.
• Outright grants for peer monitoring.
• Review of RA 9184.
• Harnessing science and technology as an independent mover
of development.
17. 3RD
POLICY
• Medical, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Ensuring compliance of drug manufacturing firms with
ASEAN-harmonized standards by full implementation of FDA.
• Creating an education council dedicated to standardization of
pharmaceutical services and care.
• Empowering food and drug agencies to conduct evidence-
based research as pool of information.
• Allocating two percent of the GDP to research.
• Legislating a law supporting human genome projects.
18. 4th
POLICY
• Biological Sciences, Agriculture and Forestry
• Protecting and conserving biodiversity by full implementation
of existing laws.
• Use of biosafety and standard model by ASEAN countries.
• Promoting indigenous knowledge systems and indigenous
people’s conservation.
• Formulation of common food and safety standards.
