Nipah virus disease condition and awarness ppt
- 1. By Mr.A.Sanjaikumar M.Sc Nursing, PhD Fellow Medical Surgical Nursing Critical Care Department Associate Professor School of Health Sciences Madda Walabu University Bale Goba.
- 2. Organism History Epidemiology Transmission Disease in Humans Disease in Animals Prevention and Control Actions to Take Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 4. Genus Henipavirus Virus discovered, 1999 Related to Hendra virus Severe, rapidly progressive encephalitis in humans High mortality rate Close contact with infected pigs Severe, respiratory disease in pigs Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 5. 1998-1999: Peninsular Malaysia Human febrile encephalitis, high mortality New virus discovered 1999: Singapore Outbreak in abattoir workers Pigs imported from Malaysia Since 2001 – Bangladesh, India Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 6. Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 7. Flying foxes (fruit bats) Carry the virus Are not affected Virus found in Urine Partially eaten fruit (saliva?) No known secondary host Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 8. • Person-to-person – Not reported in Malaysia – Likely in Bangladesh and India • Nosocomial infections • Bat-to-person – Not reported in Malaysia – Common in Bangladesh and India • Contaminated fruit, unpasteurized date palm juice Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 10. • Pigs in Malaysia – Direct contact – Contact with body fluids – Aerosolization of respiratory or urinary secretions – Vertical transmission across the placenta? – Semen and iatrogenic spread? Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 11. Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011 Photo courtesy of James Roth, DVM, PhD, ISU
- 12. 1998-1999: Malaysia 265 persons hospitalized; 105 deaths Primarily adult males with swine contact Disease in swine Severe respiratory disease Transmitted by movement of infected pigs 1.1 million pigs culled Great economic loss Surveillance and testing Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 13. • 1999: Singapore – 22 seropositive persons (1.5%) – All were male abattoir workers – 12 symptomatic • Encephalitis, pneumonia, or both – 10 asymptomatic Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 14. • 2004: Bangladesh – 34 cases; 26 deaths – Transmission • Close contact • Exposure to common source • 2005: Bangladesh – 44 cases; 12 deaths – Contaminated palm fruit juice • 2007: Bangladesh – 7 cases; 3 deaths – Person-to-person transmission Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 15. • 2001: Siliguri, India 68% – Nosocomial transmission – 66 cases, 45 death – 2007 Naida(WB) India 100% – 5 cases, 5 death • 2018: Kerala Malapuram, india Kerala records 10 deaths due to suspected Nipah virus infection according times of india news Not full statistics
- 17. • Incubation period: 4 to 20 days – Fever and headache – Encephalitis • Dizziness, drowsiness, vomiting • Seizures • Progresses to coma in 24-48 hours – Respiratory difficulty – Relapsing neurologic symptoms Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 19. Human Illness • Complications (Malaysian outbreak) – Septicemia (24%) – GI bleeding (5%) – Renal impairment (4%) • Asymptomatic – Relapse or late-onset encephalitis – Residual neurological deficits • Treatment: Supportive, ribavirin Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 21. Before collecting or sending any samples, the proper authorities should be contacted Samples should only be sent under secure conditions and to authorized laboratories to prevent the spread of the disease Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 22. History collection Physical examination Differentials for swine Classical swine fever, PRRS, pseudorabies, swine enzootic pneumonia, porcine pleuropneumonia Diagnostic tests ELISA Immunohistochemistry PCR Virus isolation Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 23. There is no specific treatment No vaccines Treatment is limited to supportive care. standard infection control practices and proper barrier nursing techniques are important in preventing hospital-acquired infections (nosocomial transmission). The drug ribavirin has been shown to be effective against the viruses in vitro Passive immunization using a human monoclonal antibody targeting the Nipah G glycoprotein has been evaluated in the post-exposure therapy in the ferret model and found to be of benefit.
- 25. Recommended Actions • IMMEDIATELY notify authorities • Federal – Area Veterinarian in Charge (AVIC) • State – State veterinarian Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 26. Keep fruit bats away from pigs Do not drink unpasteurized fruit juices Wash, peel, and/or cook all fruit thoroughly before eating Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 27. CDC Category C Bioterrorism Agent Emerging pathogen Potentially high morbidity and mortality Major health impact Aerosolization potential Economic impact Social disruption (fear, panic) Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
- 28. • World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) – www.oie.int • U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) – www.aphis.usda.gov • Center for Food Security and Public Health – www.cfsph.iastate.edu • USAHA Foreign Animal Diseases (“The Gray Book”) – www.usaha.org/Publications.aspx Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011