Nitrous oxide in automobile final ppt
- 1. NITROUS OXIDE IN AUTOMOBILE REPRESENTED BY SAIKAT HALDER & RAJESH SAHA
- 2. CONTENTS Introduction What happens on burning N2O? Mechanism Types of nitrous systems The NOS kit Reliability Concerns Street legality
- 3. INTRODUCTION A nitrous oxide engine is an engine in which the oxygen required for burning the fuel stems from the decomposition of nitrous oxide (N2O) rather than air. The system increases the internal combustion engine's power output by allowing fuel to be burned at a higher-than-normal rate, because of the higher partial pressure of oxygen injected into the fuel mixture. In the context of racing, nitrous oxide is often termed nitrous or NOS. The term NOS is derived from the initials of the company name Nitrous Oxide Systems, one of the pioneering companies in the development of nitrous oxide injection systems for automotive performance use.
- 4. HISTORY The use of nitrous oxide as a performance enhancement has been used since World War II. Allied aircraft used it for emergency boosts in airspeed and altitude capabilities.
- 5. ABOUT NITROUS OXIDE Nitrous oxide, also known as dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide with chemical formula N2O. It is commonly known as laughing gas. Under room conditions it is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a pleasant slightly sweet odour.
- 6. PRINCIPLE Nitrous Oxide and fuel are injected in to the intake manifold. Nitrous cools the intake air. Nitrous Oxide dissociated in to Nitrogen and Oxygen at 5250 F. 2 N2O ==> 2 N2 + 1 O2 The additional oxygen being forced into the combustion chamber provides more potential power.
- 7. What happens on burning N2O? When a mole of nitrous oxide decomposes, it releases half a mole of O2 molecules (oxygen gas), and one mole of N2 molecules (nitrogen gas). This decomposition allows an oxygen concentration of 33% to be reached. Nitrogen gas is non-combustible and does not support combustion. Air— which contains only 21% oxygen, the rest being nitrogen and other equally non-combustible and non-combustion-supporting gasses—permits a 12- percent-lower maximum-oxygen level than that of nitrous oxide. This oxygen supports combustion; it alone combines with gasoline, alcohol, or diesel fuel to produce carbon dioxide and water vapour, along with heat, which causes the former two products of combustion to expand and exert pressure on pistons, driving the engine.
- 8. MECHANISM N2O injected N2O changes state to gas -88.33330C Cools intake charge, allowing for more air/fuel mixture. As the cylinder heats from compression/combustion, O breaks away from N2O Oxygen combusts with additional fuel and a greater force, pushes down the piston, increasing power.
- 10. TYPES Dry - Extra fuel required is introduced through the fuel injectors, keeping the manifold dry of fuel. Wet Single-port - Introduces the fuel and nitrous together, causing the upper intake manifold to become wet with fuel. Wet Direct-port - Introduces nitrous and fuel directly into each intake port on the engine.
- 11. The Nitrous Kit
- 12. Types of Injector Direct port nozzle injector Fogger Injector
- 13. Power wing nozzle is connected to the intake manifold
- 14. NITROUS STORAGE For racing purposes, nitrous oxide is usually contained in an aluminium cylinder; available in a variety of sizes ranging from 2.5 lbs to 20 lbs. While retained in the cylinder the nitrous is in a liquid form and held under high pressure. When it is released from the cylinder into the intake tract its physical state changes from a liquid to a gas. This transformation occurs as the nitrous is released from an area of extreme pressure (the aluminium cylinders are pressurized to approximately 1000 P.S.I.) into the vacuum of the intake manifold. This change in state is usually referred to as the nitrous ‘boiling’.
- 15. Reliability Concerns The engine as a whole is placed under greater stress, especially the parts involved with the combustion chamber. An engine with components not able to cope with the increased stress imposed by the use of nitrous systems can experience major engine damage. An engine running with NOS depends heavily on the proper air to fuel ratio to prevent detonation from occurring. Backfiring, Can be prevented by properly designed nitrous injector and correct placement of nozzles.
- 16. ADVANTAGES Nitrous oxide offers more power-per-dollar than all known alternatives. It has appreciably more power than a turbocharger. NOS provide instant power when it’s needed. Installing a nitrous system is reasonably straight forward, when compared to other horsepower improving modifications. Nitrous oxide system can be easily replaced. Tuning with nitrous also provides the potential to increase power. Nitrous systems can increase power by 0.5 hp (0.37 kW) to 3,000 hp (2,200 kW), depending on the engine type and nitrous system type.
- 17. LIMITATIONS Liquid nitrous will cause severe and permanent frostbite damage to skin. If a stock fuel system cannot supply enough fuel to the engine, the mixture will become too lean and severe engine damage will occur.
- 18. Street Legality Nitrous oxide injection systems for automobiles are illegal for road use in some countries. In Great Britain, there are no restrictions on use of N2O, but the modification does have to be declared to the insurance company, which will undoubtedly require a higher premium for Motor Vehicle insurance or could refuse to insure. In Germany, despite its strict TÜV rules, a nitrous system could be installed and used legally in a street driven car. Since the car still has to meet its emission standards, which depend on the car's year of construction, it is easier for older cars.
- 19. OTHER USES It can be used as an oxidizer in rocket engine. It is used in surgery and dentistry for its anaesthetic and analgesic effects.
- 20. Conclusion This technology has been implemented in sport vehicles since it has the ability to provide instant power whenever needed. Within few years the use of nitrous oxide in vehicles will be implemented in commercial vehicles also. Nitrous oxide injection is still the best power per dollar available.