Node.js is an event-driven I/O framework for JavaScript that runs on Google Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine. It provides a JavaScript standard library and allows for evented I/O through non-blocking operations. Node.js uses an event loop to handle asynchronous I/O operations, making it well-suited for real-time applications like web servers that handle many concurrent connections without threads. The document recommends several popular Node.js resources and frameworks for building applications, including npm, socket.io, connect, express, mustache, and others.