Normal Distribution Presentation
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The document discusses several types of discrete probability distributions: - Bernoulli distribution models experiments with two outcomes and is defined by the probability of success. - Binomial distribution describes repeated Bernoulli trials and is defined by the number of trials and probability of success. - Poisson distribution describes the number of occurrences within a time period and is defined by the average number of occurrences. - Hypergeometric distribution describes sampling without replacement and is defined by the population size, sample size, and number of successes in the population.
Normal Distribution Presentation
- 1. Discrete Distribution Presented by: Piyush Tyagi Rohit Deshmukh Sagar Malik Sanakarshan Joshi Sayantan Banerjee
- 2. DISTRIBUTION Probability distribution The probability distribution for a random variable describes how probabilities are distributed over the values of the random variable. Random Variable : A numeric outcome that results from an experiment Types of Distribution: Continuous Probability Distribution Spread over an interval. Does not attain a specific value. Discrete Probability Distribution Whose variables can take on only discrete value
- 3. Discrete Distribution Assign probability to each random variable. A discrete distribution with probability function defined over k=1, 2, ..., has distribution function Properties: 0≤P(x i ) ≤1 Expected Value: Variance V(X):
- 4. Discrete Distribution contd…. Probability Distribution Function: Shows probability of each ‘x’ value. Cumulative Distribution Function: Shows cumulative sum of probabilities.
- 6. Bernoulli Distribution: It can result in one of 2 outcomes: Success or Failure. Probability(Success)= π Probability(Failure)=1- π A Bernoulli random variable is the simplest random variable. It models an experiment in which there are only two outcomes. Mean and Variance : For a Bernoulli random variable with success probability π : Mean= π Variance= π (1- π ) James Bernoulli (Jacob I) born in Basel, Switzerland Dec. 27, 1654-Aug. 16, 1705.
- 7. Binomial distribution: Extension of Bernoulli’s experiment. Arises when Bernoulli’s experiment is repeated n times. Conditions for Binomial: All trials should be independent. All other conditions should remain same. There are only two outcomes possible. ‘ π ’ should not be too large or too small.
- 8. Binomial Distribution contd…. Properties : π x (1-π) n-x PDF: Mean: n π Standard Deviation:
- 9. Poisson Distribution Siméon Denis Poisson June 21, 1781-April 25, 1840 It describes the number of occurrences within a randomly chosen unit of time. Necessary Condition- Event must occur randomly and independently over a continuum period of time or space. PDF- P(x) = Where, λ = mean arrivals per unit of time or space X= 0,1,2…. Standard Deviation-
- 10. Poisson Distribution Example: Mercy Hospital Patients arrive at the emergency room of Mercy Hospital at the average rate of 6 per hour on weekend evenings. What is the probability of 4 arrivals in 30 minutes on a weekend evening? λ =6/per hour= 3/per half-hour. Ans: 0.168
- 11. Hyper geometric Distribution Similar to binomial except sampling is without replacement. Probability of each out come changes with each trial. Parameter: N – Number of items in population. n – Number of items in a sample. s – Number of successes in population. Properties: PDF: Mean: n π where π=s/N Standard Deviation :
- 12. Hypergeometric Distribution Example: Neveready Bob Neveready has removed two dead batteries from a flashlight and inadvertently mingled them with the two good batteries he intended as replacements. The four batteries look identical. Bob now randomly selects two of the four batteries. What is the probability he selects the two good batteries? n = 2 = number of batteries selected(sample size) N = 4 = number of batteries in total(population size) s = 2 = number of good batteries in total(success in population) x = 2 = number of good batteries selected. Ans: 0.167
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