1. The graph scale-change theorem states that multiplying the x- and y-values of a graph by constants n and m respectively will result in the same graph as dividing the equation variables x and y by n and m. 2. Applying a horizontal scale factor changes the width of the graph, while applying a vertical scale factor changes the height. Applying the same scale factor to both results in an overall size change. 3. Reflecting a graph over an axis by using a negative scale factor reverses the direction of the graph along that axis.