This chapter discusses exploratory research and writing, which involves posing a significant research question without necessarily taking a position. The goal is to consider all sides of an issue in order to understand the complexity and stakes. Effective exploratory writing creates tension between alternative views by considering multiple solutions and viewpoints without predetermined conclusions. It should focus on a complex problem without easy answers. The chapter also outlines how to write an annotated bibliography, which includes an evaluative annotation for each source with analysis of the author, context, summary, strengths/weaknesses, and usefulness for informing the research essay.