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BBA 3551-16P-5A19-S3, Information Systems Management
Unit VIII
Unit VIII Introduction
During this term we have introduced many
different aspects of information systems
management. I hope you have learned lots of
new terms and concepts that will help you in
school and your career. In this unit we will
cover how systems are developed or created.
Organizations have a variety of tools,
methodologies, and processes that can be
used to assist in the development and
deployment of their information system.
Keep up the good work. Let me know if you
have any questions or issues.
Professor Bulloch
Unit VIII Study Guide
Click the link above to open the unit study
guide, which contains this unit's lesson and
reading assignment(s). This information is
necessary in order to complete this course.
Unit VIII Discussion Board

Weight: 2% of course grade
Grading Rubric
Comment Due: Saturday, 05/18/2019
11:59 PM (CST)
Response Due: Tuesday, 05/21/2019
11:59 PM (CST)
Go to Unit VIII Discussion Board »
Unit VIII Essay
Weight: 12% of course grade
Grading Rubric
Due: Tuesday, 05/21/2019 11:59 PM
(CST)
Instructions
Identify the components of an

information system (IS) using the five-
component framework, and provide a
brief summary of each.
Explain Porter’s five forces model.
Management IS (MIS) incorporate
software and hardware technologies to
provide useful information for decision-
making. Explain each of the following IS,
and use at least one example in each to
support your discussion:
a collaboration information system,
a database management system,
a content management system,
a knowledge management/expert
system,
a customer relationship
management system,
an enterprise resource planning

system,
a social media IS,
a business intelligence/decision
support system, and
an enterprise IS.
Identify and discuss one technical and
one human safeguard to protect against
IS security threats.
There are several processes that can be
used to develop IS and applications
such as systems development life cycle
(SDLC) and scrum (agile development).
Provide a brief description of SDLC and
scrum, and then discuss at least one
similarity and one difference between
SDLC and scrum
Sum up your paper by discussing the
importance of MIS.

In this final assignment, you will develop a
paper that reviews some of the main topics
covered in the course. Compose an essay
to address the elements listed below.
Your paper must be at least three pages in
length (not counting the title and reference
pages), and you must use at least two
resources. Be sure to cite all sources used
in APA format, and format your essay in
APA style.
Submit Unit VIII Essay »
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BBA 3551, Information Systems Management
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Analyze the key differences between data, information,
information technology (IT), and information
systems (IS).
2. Explain the similarities and differences of personal
knowledge and management tools.
3. Examine the importance of mobile systems with regard to
securing information and knowledge.
4. Explain how information systems can be used to gain and
sustain competitive knowledge.
5. Evaluate the approaches to developing organizational
knowledge management strategies.
8. Evaluate major types of hardware and software used by

organizations.
Course/Unit
Learning Outcomes
Learning Activity
1 Unit VIII Essay
2
Unit Lesson
Chapter 12
Unit VIII Essay
3 Unit VIII Essay
4 Unit VIII Essay
5
Unit Lesson
Chapter 12
Unit VIII Essay
8 Unit VIII Essay
Reading Assignment
Chapter 12: Information Systems Development
Unit Lesson
Business Processes – The Software Development Life Cycle

(SDLC)
Information technology (IT) projects can fail for a number of
reasons such as missed deadlines, failing to meet
requirements, lack of upper-management support, and exceeding
the projected budget. Using a development
method can help reduce the risk of project failure. One of the
development methods that system developers
use is called the software development life cycle, or SDLC for
short. The SDLC method is also known as the
waterfall method because it has five phases; each phase is
completed in sequence and serves as a
framework for developing an information system (IS) or an IT
project (Figure 1) (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Information Systems Development
BBA 3551, Information Systems Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The first phase—the planning phase—is a very critical part of
the SDLC process because, at this point, the
system’s designer or developer must define the problem that the

organization is facing. Common concerns
are the lack of competitiveness with other organizations in the
industry. For example, management might
voice concerns about the lack of efficiency for an inventory
control system because the system is outdated
(Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).
In the planning phase, it is helpful to remember the four “Ws”—
who, why, when, and what.
solve?
Testing System Scenario – Phase I
In a recent management meeting, several managers voiced
concerns about the high rate of project failure
when implementing new systems. The organization has a
facility for testing systems before they are
deployed, but there is no formal process. It is this process that
managers believe is the reason for the high
rate of system implementation failure. For example, a new
database system was implemented, but several
users complained that their system would crash when using a
certain feature.
In phase I of the SDLC process, system developers will need to
address the four “Ws”—who, why, when, and
what.

1. Who: The main users of this system are applications testers,
QA testers, systems engineers, security
analysts, and software developers.
2. Why: The new system will provide a way to process and track
the development and testing of new
systems before they are implemented.
3. When: The system will need to be operational within the next
6 months before the next IT project is
complete.
4. What: The new system will solve the testing process problem
that appears to contribute to the failure
of IT system implementations.
The second phase—requirements gathering and analysis—is
where the designer or developer must identify
and define the problem that needs to be solved. From this
information, they can then develop the
requirements for the system and analyze those requirements to
determine if a new system will solve the
problem with the current system. To analyze the problem and
determine the requirements for the new system,
system developers will need to use techniques for gathering the
necessary information for the system. Some
examples of information gathering are interviews, observations,
surveys, or a joint application design (JAD)
system. A JAD system is where users, management, and IT
professionals gather in a workshop to discuss
Phase I: Planning

Phase II:
Requirements
Gathering and
Analysis
Phase III:
Design
Phase IV:
Implementation
Phase V:
Mainetenance
Figure 1: The five phases of the SDLC process
(Kroenke & Boyle, 2017)
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
and develop an application. The JAD approach incorporates
various viewpoints so that the application is

developed according to these requirements (Kroenke & Boyle,
2017).
Testing System Scenario – Phase II
A JAD session was held where various personnel involved in
the systems testing process were present. The
system requirements were identified, and these are listed below:
address these problems,
to make the decisions,
w the data should be presented, and
decisions.
A formal workflow design diagram was developed to help
develop the requirements (Figure 2).

Figure 2: Pictured is the testing process flow for system
implementation. The workflow diagram clearly shows how data
will flow
between processes, external entities, and data stores.
In the third phase—design, a solution is defined for an IS that
will best solve the problem that the organization
is facing. Generally, this solution is outlined and documented
with the requirements and specifications of the
new system. This documentation can be in the form of diagrams,
databases, files, forms, and reports. These
documents should provide details about the hardware, software,
processes, networking components, and any
other system specifications (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).
The design phase is completed in three parts: conceptual design,
logical design, and physical design. The
conceptual design is generally an overview of the system that
details how it will work. This can be done
through the use of flowcharts, computer-aided software
engineering (CASE) tools, or models. The second
part is the logical design where more specific information is
provided such as the hardware and software that
will make up the system. The third part, physical design, is
where a graphical representation of the system is
presented. This includes the hardware, networking components,
and other technical specifications. This is
also where the final design/specification document is developed
to assist in the final stage of the process
(Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Testing System Scenario – Phase III
Now that the team has determined how the system should work,
a conceptual design should be developed to
illustrate the workings of the new system (Figure 3).
Figure 3: Pictured is a conceptual model example. Next, a
logical design should be developed to illustrate how the system
will work,
including the hardware, software, and networking components.
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Figure 4: Pictured is a logical design example. Lastly, the

physical design should be developed to explain the physical
components
and interaction.
Figure 5: Pictured is a physical design example.
In the next stage—implementation, the designs from phase II
are implemented. Components for the system,
such as hardware, software, and labor, are procured, and the
system is configured. In addition, employees
are trained, the system is tested, security measures are
implemented, documentation is created, and a
disaster recovery plan is developed (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).
Testing System Scenario – Phase IV
Now that the design phase has been completed and the final
design approved, the team moves forward to put
the system in place.
1. Procurement Team
a. Procure all hardware and software per the
design/specifications document.
b. Inventory all procurements.

UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
2. Design/Development Team
a. Put together the system including the software and
networking components.
b. Document processes, and record changes to the
3. Testing Team
a. Test the system according to the QA checklist.
b. Resolve any issues, and record events to the
4. Training Team
a. Train users of the new system.
b. Provide documentation as needed.
5. Security Team
a. Implement security scans and set user permissions.
b. Resolve any issues and record events to the
6. Deployment Team
a. Deploy system.
The final phase—maintenance—is probably the most
undervalued process in the SDLC model. After the

system has been implemented, there is still more work to do. In
this phase, the maintenance team assesses
the overall functionality of the system. This can be done by
analyzing performance data and by talking with
users to see if the system is meeting their expectations. If any
issues or problems are encountered, the
maintenance team should take action and resolve them. One way
to accomplish this is to establish a help
support system such as a help desk or to train a few technical
support personnel on the system so they can
provide support to users. If the team finds that the system is not
performing as expected, it may be necessary
to return to the planning phase and start all over. This is why it
is important to not only follow a systems
development method but to also have well-designed phases of
development (Kroenke & Boyle, 2017).
Testing System Scenario, Phase V
The system has been deployed, developers and testers are using
the system, and several IS projects have
been completed using the new system. Now, it is time to think
about supporting the users and evaluating how
well or not so well the system is working.
1. Perform system metrics on a monthly basis.
2. Interview system users 1 month after deployment.
3. Identify any system issues, and report them to management.
4. Resolve system issues.
5. Setup a support system for users (help desk, documentation).
Summary

The SDLC methodology is only one of several development
processes that can be used for developing IS or
IT projects. Examples of other development models are service-
oriented architecture (SOA), rapid application
development (RAD), extreme programming (XP), pair
programming, and agile methodology (Kroenke &
Boyle, 2017).
The type of method used will depend on the organization and
the type of system or project being developed.
For example, one would not use the SDLC method if the user’s
needs keep changing, the system
requirements keep changing, the scale of the project is too large
or too small, personnel does not have the
expertise, or the system specifications have not been fully
defined.
The SDLC can have more than five phases; for example, one
can add an additional phase for testing or
software installation, depending on the type of project. While
some phases of the SDLC may be more difficult
than others, none of these phases should be overlooked. Any
oversight could cause the system to fail to meet
expectations or perform poorly.
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title

Reference
Kroenke, D. M., & Boyle, R. J. (2017). Using MIS (10th ed.).
New York, NY: Pearson.
Suggested Reading
In order to access the following resource, click the link below.
Inventor Jim Holley discusses the challenges in creating his
first product and the difficult process of inventing
his product. He explains how to get a prototype of a product. If
needed, a transcript is provided once the video
is accessed.
Business2Learn. (2011). Entrepreneur’s journey: Making a
prototype (Segment 4 of 21) [Video file]. Retrieved
from
https://libraryresources.columbiasouthern.edu/login?auth=CAS
&url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPla
ylists.aspx?wID=273866&xtid=47860&loid=138513
Learning Activities (Nongraded)
Nongraded Learning Activities are provided to aid students in
their course of study. You do not have to submit
them. If you have questions, contact your instructor for further
guidance and information.

To test your knowledge of the material covered in this unit,
complete the activities listed below.
The activities are located within the chapter readings in
uCertify. The Chapter 12 Active Review, Using Your
Knowledge, Collaboration Exercise, and Review Questions are
located at the end of the chapter. The cards
can be accessed by clicking on the Cards icon within uCertify,
which is located to the right of the chapter title,
and the icon in uCertify resembles the image shown below.
&url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866
&xtid=47860&loid=138513
&url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=273866
&xtid=47860&loid=138513

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