Network Planning Tool for Securing Critical Infrastructures

Network Planning Tool
for Securing
Critical Infrastructures
Seppo.Horsmanheimo@vtt.fi

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Network Planning Tool (NPT)
 2G/3G/4G and Wifi network planning
tool
 3D modelling of urban and rural areas
 Field measurements and calculation
model optimisation
 Modelling of electricity distribution
networks
 Storm and medium voltage network
failure simulations
 Modelling of city areas including
indoor spaces
 Analysis of future mobile networks’
(LTE ProSe) reliability and robustness
for critical infrastructure services

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Measurement and Analysis Process
Part1:
Modelling
Part2:
Measurements
Part3:
Performance
Assessment
Part4:
UseCases,
e.g.Fault
Simulations

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Modelling of
Telecommunication
Networks and Fine-Tuning
with Measurements

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Network Planning Tool Basics
Modelling of Telecommunication Networks…
 What can be analysed:
 Coverage, capacity, data rates, and
application level QoS
 Disconnected calls and data
connections
 Interference (inter and intra-cell,
inter-system)
 Different network configurations
 Delays and jitter
 Different antenna patterns
 Application areas:
 Network planning and performance assessment
 Discovery of hotspot areas where QoS requirements are not fulfilled
 Support for location / context aware solutions
 Interaction between electric distribution grid and commercial cellular networks

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Core Components for Coverage Prediction
3D terrain and buildings (part of Otaniemi area)
3D city model produced
by TerraSolid
 Environment
 3D models (terrain, vegetation, buildings,
waters,…)
 Propagation models
 Empirical, semi-deterministic,
deterministic/ray-tracing models
 Clutter models
 Parameters
 Calculation scenario (networks, resolution,
simulation area,…)
 Transmitter and receiver (antenna
heights, transmission powers, gains,
radiation patterns, …)
 Field measurements
 Validation of coverage calculations
 Calibration of propagation models

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Wireless Systems and Propagation Models
 Modelled wireless networks
 LTE(800/1800/2600),
UMTS (2100/900), GSM (900/1800),
WLAN, WiMAX, CDMA450
 Special configurations, e.g. for
low frequencies
 Several propagation models:
 FreeSpace, Egli, Delisle-Egli,
Longley-Rice, Erceg,
ECC33, Xia-JTC,
OkumuraHata, CostHata,
Walfish-Ikegami, CostWI,
Winner models,…
 Covered frequencies ~ 20 MHz – 40 GHz
Example of five WLAN sites in Otaniemi scenario

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Heterogeneous Network Planning
BTS Locations
3D Building Model
Predicted LTE Coverage

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Measurements for Propagation Model
Optimization
Original Result Fully optimized After ’sanity’ check

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Location Aware
Measurements

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 VTT has developed a comprehensive set of
measurement and analysis tools to support
spatiotemporal measurements
 To discover problematic areas in mobile
and other networks both indoors and outdoors
• Buildings, Basements
 To collect and analyse network characteristics
 Coverage, Capacity, and Latency
Network Coverage and QoS Measurements

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Suburban area Measurements (Outdoor)
2G
3G
4G
Measurements and Positioning

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Rural Area Measurements (Outdoor)
Nemo
Outdoor
Viola Arctic
2G/3G

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Indoor Measurements
Measured rsrp values and cell counts in LTE network
Measured rssi values and cell counts in WLAN network

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Camera and 3D proximity
sensor (Point Cloud)
2D proximity sensor
(scanning laser)
PIR
(motion sensor)
IMU
(acceleration, angle velocity)
LDR
(light intensity sensor)
Ultra Sound sensors
(proximity)Servo motors
(max 1m/s, 2hp)
PC computer
Mobile Robot Platform for Positioning and
Indoor Measurements
Quuppa HAIP sensor and tag

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Indoor Measurement
Robustness of Interdependent Networks

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Analysis of Different Operators and Different
RANs (indoor and outdoor)
Used for selecting the best operator and best network during large-scale crisis
Robustness of Interdependent Networks

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Interdependency of Mobile
Communication and
Electricity Distribution
Networks

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Motivation
 Interdependency of electricity distribution
and mobile communication networks has
increased due to automation and remote
control.
 Loss of electricity and communication
capabilities causes chain-effects
jeopardizing critical infrastructure
services.
 There is a need for reliable and resilient
wireless communications to support
remote control and monitoring of Smart
Grids.
a
Interdependent Networks

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Analysis of Electricity Distribution Network
Failures
One feeder down
*) Gray indicates network entities without electricity.
One substation down Several substations down
*) Color indicates the redundancy of 2G networks measured with different devices
Downlink redundancy rasters

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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)
 Interdependencies between these
networks have little been studied
or simulated.
 We need to understand better the
interdependencies of the networks
in severe failure situations e.g.
storms and to find novel ways to
alleviate consequences.
 Our goal is to make
interdependent electricity
distribution and communications
networks more reliable and
resilient.

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Measurement and Analysis Tool (NPT)
 Includes novel recovery algorithms
for communications to cope with
large-scale outages.
 Targeted to critical communications
and public safety applications.
 Low latency, high availability, and
ultra-reliability are the critical
parameters being assessed.
 Both offline and real-time monitoring
is supported including one-way
latency measurements with Qosmet
tool.

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Risk and vulnerability analysis of energy and
communication networks
 Long experience in developing risk,
reliability and safety analysis methods
and applying the methods to the risk and
safety management processes.
 Network dependability assessment
• Methodologies and mathematical
modelling
• Human factors
 Analysis of risks in networking
• Detect critical weaknesses in
networks
• Use case: Interdependency of power
distribution and communication
network in failure situations

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Recent Publications
 S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, K. Mäki, Interoperability of Electricity Distribution and Communication
Networks in Large-Scale Outage Situations, Oct 18-22, 2015, Japan (submitted).
 S. Horsmanheimo, M. Kamali, M. Kolehmainen, M. Neovius, L. Petre, M. Rönkkö, P. Sandvik, On Proving
Recoverability of Smart Electrical Grids, NFM 2014, Apr 29 - May 1, 2014, Houston, USA, pp. 77-92.
 S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Interdependency between Mobile and Electricity Distribution
Networks: Outlook and Prospects. In Smart Device to Smart Device Communication, S. Mumtaz, J.
Rodriguez (eds.), Springer, 2014, ISBN 978-3-319-04962-5.
 S. Horsmanheimo, N. Maskey, L. Tuomimäki, Feasibility study of utilizing mobile communications for Smart
Grid applications in urban area, IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications
(SmartGridComm) 2014, Nov 3 6, 2014, Venice, Italy, pp. 440 445.
 N. Maskey, S. Horsmanheimo, L. Tuomimäki, Analysis of latency for cellular networks for Smart Grid in
suburban area, IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference (ISGT Europe), Oct 12-15,
2014, Istanbul, Turkey, pp. 1-4.
 P. Kuusela, I. Norros, Dynamic approach to service level agreement risk. Conference proceedings. IEEE,
pp. 266-273. 9th International Conference on Design of Reliable Communication Networks, 2013.
 P. Cholda, E. L. Følstad, B. E. Helvik, P. Kuusela, M. Naldi, I. Norros, Towards risk-aware communications
networking. Reliability Engineering and System Safety, vol. 109, pp. 160-174, 2013.
 I. Norros, P. Kuusela, J. Lapuyade-Lahorgue, M. Naldi and M. Sirviö. Repairable systems with dependent
components: stochastic process techniques and models. Accepted to IEEE Transactions on Reliability,
2014

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Seppo Horsmanheimo
Principal Scientist
VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland
Tel. +358 40 542 3599
Seppo.Horsmanheimo@vtt.fi

Network Planning Tool for Securing Critical Infrastructures

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