nuclear pore complex and function nucleus
- 1. NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX AND FUNCTION NUCLEUS Daniela Castillo Sanchez Medicine Student Molecular Biology
- 2. NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX AND FUNCTION NUCLEUS BIBLIOGRAPHY Martiez Sanchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular 8 ed, Medellin. UPB University of Sheffield. (2017, July 14). New gene therapy treatment routes for motor neurone disease uncovered in new study. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 21, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170714093803.htm Kanazawa University. (2017, June 30). Colon cancer nuclear pore dynamics are captured by HS-AFM. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 21, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170630105052.htm STUDENT: DANIELA CASTILLO SANCHEZ 3er SEMESTER UNIVERSDIAD PONTIFICA BOLIVARIANA The new successful studies involving cellular functions such as the export of RNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm or studying cellular structure as the nuclear pore complex have a great medical application because diseases such as cancer or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) are developed due to a mutation that with the new advances of the science could be treated with techniques from the concrete study of the cellular dynamics and of real images of the organelles to better understand its natural process, damages and how to repair them obtaining that many diseases until now catastrophic and incurable can become curable in people
- 3. Molecular biology is the Science that studies the structure of living beings and their vital processes RNA participates in the synthesis of proteins and performs the messenger function of genetic information. The nuclear pore complex allows the transport of water- soluble molecules through the nuclear envelope. COLON CANCER NUCLEAR PORE DYNAMICS ARE CAPTURED BY HS-AFM In metastasis, cytokines and growth factors operate using signaling pathways and pass through the nuclear pore complex. The scientist, discovered that deformation and loss of the nuclear membrane pore barrier would be one of the dying codes of cancer cells. STUDENT OPNION: To make possible what some believe is impossible, as actually visualizing the dynamics of nuclear pores is a great advance for modern science, representing a new paradigm for biology, about cellular transport that could bring great advances in the treatment of diseases Like cancer in case of being able to use this technique to identify the dynamics of internal organelles NEW GEN THERAPY TREATMENT ROUTES FOR MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE UNCOVERED IN NEW STUDY mRNA transcribes DNA information and transports it out of the nucleus to produce the required proteins. The researchers found a way to prevent mRNA from leaving the nucleus carrying the replicated sequences of DNA that produces neurodegenerative diseases and cells death STUDENT OPINION: Finding a way in which to stop a natural process of the cell to avoid a neurodegenerative disease caused by a mutation will help scientists in their process of finding new and innovative treatments to improve the quality of life of people. This great advance allows in turn to know even more how some molecules can alter the transport system of the nucleus to the cytoplasm
- 4. Molecular biology is the Science that studies the structure of living beings and their vital processes mRNA participates in the synthesis of proteins and performs the messenger function of genetic information. WHY? WHY? WHY? Topics and news are about molecular biology and its impact and importance in modern medicine. As well as the contribution that it has generated and the discoveries that facilitate the work of the health personnel To know the structure of the cellular organelles by technological advances could give to know more information relevant for the evolution of the cell and the understanding of living organisms It is important to know the role of mRNA to understand the process and scientific significance of blocking its transport to the cytoplasm in certain diseases The nuclear pore complex allows the transport of water- soluble molecules through the nuclear envelope.
- 5. DATE JUNE 30, 2017 Mahmoud Shaaban Mohamed, Akiko Kobayashi, Azuma Taoka, Takahiro Watanabe- Nakayama, Yosuke Kikuchi, Masaharu Hazawa, Toshinari Minamoto, Yoshihiro Fukumori, Noriyuki Kodera, Takayuki Uchihashi, Toshio Ando, Richard W. Wong. SOURCE: KANAZAWA UNIVERSITY
- 6. Metastasis is facilitated by various growth factors and cytokines, which operate through various signaling pathways. They used 2 types of cells, one control and one treated with MLN8237. (See photo) to observed the differences MLN8237 treatment of cancer cells caused deformation and loss of FG-Nups barrier.. It inhibit neuropirine expression and activities Diameter of the nuclear pore changed from 86 ± 13 nm to 53 ± 9 nm and the depth, from 4 ± 2 nm to 7 ± 1 nm. Cancer is a highly invasive disease by mutated cells that create metastasis
- 7. Small molecules less than 60 kDa interact with nucleoporine (nucleoporins have repeating units of two amino acids, that are phenylalanine (which is often referred to as "F") and glycine, "G") and pass through the nuclear pore complex. Several models of the nuclear pore complex have been proposed, but their nanoscopic structure has never been see until now. The researchers obtained successful results combining high resolution live cell imaging, high-speed AFM (HS-AFM) which is developed by themselves to investigate the native nanoscopic spatial and temporal dynamics in NPC structures in the colon cancer cells.
- 8. First, they generated NPC stable cell lines expressing GFP (green fluorescent protein) and confirmed by fluorescent microscopy. they isolated the highly purified nuclear envelope which was confirmed by the use of negative stain electron microscopy and confocal microscopy. Notably, they performed the observation of living nuclear envelope and nuclear pores using HS-AFM. they started the observation of spatiotemporal changes at millisecond and nanometer scale of native state NPC structure in colon cancer cells by combining high resolution live cell imaging and electron microscopy. The present study enabled visualization of structure and dynamics of the nuclear membrane pore at nanometer scale, and it is shown that deformation and loss of the nuclear membrane pore barrier would be one of the dying codes of cancer cells. These findings stand for a new paradigm in our understanding of nuclear transport, which has, up to this point, remained an enigmatic problem in the whole nano-medicine and cell biology field.
- 9. IT IS A GREAT ADVANCEMENT FOR SCIENCE TO ACHIEVE WHAT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BE POSSIBLE A YEARS AGO, THIS IN ITSELF MAY LEAD TO DEVELOP NEW TECHNIQUES TO UNDERSTAND THE CELL BETTER AND THEREFORE THE ORGANISMS
- 10. NEW GEN THERAPY TREATMENT ROUTES FOR MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE UNCOVERED IN NEW STUDY DATE JULY 14, 2017 SOURCE University of Sheffield Guillaume M. Hautbergue, Lydia M. Castelli, Laura Ferraiuolo, Alvaro Sanchez-Martinez, Johnathan Cooper-Knock, Adrian Higginbottom, Ya-Hui Lin, Claudia S. Bauer, Jennifer E. Dodd, Monika A. Myszczynska, Sarah M. Alam, Pierre Garneret, Jayanth S. Chandran, Evangelia Karyka, Matthew J. Stopford, Emma F. Smith, Janine Kirby, Kathrin Meyer, Brian K. Kaspar, Adrian M. Isaacs, Sherif F. El-Khamisy, Kurt J. De Vos, Ke Ning, Mimoun Azzouz, Alexander J. Whitworth, Pamela J. Shaw
- 11. NEW GEN THERAPY TREATMENT ROUTES FOR MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE UNCOVERED IN NEW STUDY "Scientists investigating the genetic causes and altered functioning of nerve cells in motor neuron disease (MND) have discovered a new mechanism that could lead to fresh treatment approaches for one of the most common forms of the disease." The research investigated a mutation in one particular gene, which causes sections of DNA to replicate themselves inexplicably within cells. They found a way to prevent RNA, carrying these replicated sequences, from leaving the cell's nucleus and travelling into the surrounding cytoplasm where they cause cell death. The gene called C9ORF72 (specialy the protein SRSF1), is responsible for the most common type of MND and was the gen that they used por the investigation .
- 12. NEW GEN THERAPY TREATMENT ROUTES FOR MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE UNCOVERED IN NEW STUDY It is quite common for some sections of repeated DNA stretches to replicate themselves for reasons that are poorly understood. These repetitions are 'non-coding' sections that are not responsible for building proteins and are edited out before they leave the nucleus to serve as templates for the production of proteins. MND is also called Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), accounting for approximately 40-50% of MND. The pacients suffer progressive paralysis as the nerves supplying muscles degenerate. In this disease, the mRNA leaves the cell with unnecessary replicate sequences, in the cytoplasm, the mRNA gives the order to synthesize proteins that block normal cellular function
- 13. NEW GEN THERAPY TREATMENT ROUTES FOR MOTOR NEURONE DISEASE UNCOVERED IN NEW STUDY The research is based on reducing the levels of SRSF1 in the cell or change its composition obtaining that it does not interact with the exportine to not leave the nucleus •What is the solution? The amount of rna with mutated information towards the cytoplasm is reduced •What happens then? RNA accumulates in the nucleus and subsequently degrades without causing adverse effects so far according to researchers • Finally...
- 14. Achieving the blocking of a cellular process for certain proteins that cause damage in patients with neurodegenerative diseases is a major step in molecular biology because it alters the composition of a very complex molecule as a protein that could be the solution to the suffering of many People, it could also include advances in other fields such as pharmacology and biochemistry
- 15. As humans, hope to have the solution to everything is always present, but you have to be patient and investigate step by step to reach the final solution. This is what the research and discoveries they do every day to find a solution to every disease that afflicts humanity in order to provide solutions to the population and to know more of each human being from the smallest cell to the most complex system
- 16. Understanding and being able to observe the different cellular structures is a great help for the health personnel in order to be able to measure the real damage that certain diseases or drugs can cause in the patients, throwing much more accurate and not guided by statistics, that although it is not denied Its importance, all organisms are different beings and what for one has a great benefit, for another could be its cause of death. In addition, thanks to these advances, the process can be observed step by step to determine if the goal really complied or it is necessary to change strategy
- 17. Although RNA transport research is still in an early stage, its advances could be of great help in developing gene therapy once the mechanism by which RNA is removed from the nucleus mutated information into the cytoplasm, which ultimately causes Neurodegenerative diseases
- 18. As the researchers pointed out, the most advanced development of this technology could be used as a nano-endoscopy not only in tissues such as the colon but in different parts of the body to observe the possible malignant processes that develop there and be able to counteract it in time
- 19. BIBLIOGRAPHY Martiez Sanchez, Lina María. Biología Molecular 8 ed, Medellin. UPB University of Sheffield. (2017, July 14). New gene therapy treatment routes for motor neurone disease uncovered in new study. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 21, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/07/170714093803.htm Kanazawa University. (2017, June 30). Colon cancer nuclear pore dynamics are captured by HS-AFM. ScienceDaily. Retrieved July 21, 2017 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/06/170630105052.htm