Object Oriented Programming

Object Oriented Programming
FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS (JAVA) IN INTERVIEWS 1)What is OOPs? Ans: Object
oriented programming organizes a program around its data,i.e.,objects and a set of well defined
interfaces to that data.An object–oriented program can be characterized as data controlling access to
code. 2)what is the difference between Procedural and OOPs? Ans: a) In procedural program,
programming logic follows certain procedures and the instructions are executed one after another. In
OOPs program, unit of program is object, which is nothing but combination of data and code. b) In
procedural program,data is exposed to the whole program whereas in OOPs program,it is accessible
with in the object and which in turn assures the security of the code. ... Show more content on
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Ans: final : final keyword can be used for class, method and variables.A final class cannot be
subclassed and it prevents other programmers from subclassing a secure class to invoke insecure
methods.A final method can' t be overriddenA final variable can't change from its initialized value.
finalize( ) : finalize( ) method is used just before an object is destroyed and can be called just prior
to garbage collecollection finally : finally, a key word used in exception handling, creates a block of
code that will be executed after a try/catch block has completed and before the code following the
try/catch block. The finally block will execute whether or not an exception is thrown. For example,
if a method opens a file upon exit, then you will not want the code that closes the file to be bypassed
by the exception–handling mechanism. This finally keyword is designed to address this contingency.
15)What is UNICODE? Ans: Unicode is used for internal representation of characters and strings
and it uses 16 bits to represent each other. 16)What is Garbage Collection and how to call it
explicitly? Ans: When an object is no longer referred to by any variable, java automatically reclaims
memory used by that object. This is known as garbage collection.System.gc() method may be used
to call it explicitly. 17)What is finalize() method ? Ans: finalize () method is used just before an
object is destroyed and can be called just prior to
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Annotated Bibliography On The Security Of The Age Of...
1. Introduction
Security in the age of internet has become a tremendously important issue to provide comfort not
only for paranoid people but for many others who are naïve to believe that protection in digital era is
essential to communication between millions of people that increasingly used as a tool for
commerce.
There are many aspects to security and applications, from secure commerce and payment to private
communications and protecting passwords. Cryptography, is the practice and study in securing
communication between parties in the presence of potential adversaries (Yousuf, N.D.). This report
focuses on modern methods of cryptography its operation, strengths and weaknesses, its application
techniques in computing and some other aspects where cryptography deemed essential as discussed
in this report.
Moreover, it is important to note that while cryptography is necessary for secure communications,
this report is not by itself sufficient. The reader is advice then, that the topics covered in this paper
only describe the first of the many steps necessary for better security in a number of situations.
Cryptography
The practice and study in securing communication between parties in presence of potential
adversaries. A cryptographic algorithm or cipher is a mathematical function used in a plaintext in the
encryption and decryption process. A cryptographic algorithm works in combination with a key
(number, word, or phrase) to encrypt the plaintext. The same plaintext also

Nt1330 Unit 3 Assignment
Twenty systems will initially be imaged for Linux and configured to run on the existing network
environment. A testing group will be compiled from departments across the organization to
determine how the operating system meets user needs in various departments. After a ten day testing
period, any problems identified can be resolved as required to support a seamless transition. The
phased migration can then be completed 50 systems at a time, cycling the Linux systems in and the
XP systems out. As the XP systems are collected, Linux will be installed on them to continue with
the phased concept. Diagram B displays how the systems will be tested, configured and distributed.
Additional factors need to be taken into consideration for this project ... Show more content on
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Samba specifically supports Linux access to print services for Windows alongside CUPS and file
services as well as authentication through a daemon called Winbind. Winbind, provides
communication for Pluggable Authentication Modules (PAM) and Name Server Switch (NSS) on
the Linux side with Active Directory on a Domain Controller. It uses Kerberos and Lightweight
Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) to authenticate and retrieve user and group information.
(Kirkpatrick, 2008) Printing capabilities from the Linux systems will be essential and will most
likely be very similar to the requirements with the user tasks in the current XP configuration. Since
the print services are managed by Windows resources, meeting the printing needs of the Linux users
will be accomplished through SMB using Samba. The printers currently active on the network have
been verified to work with Linux systems, so once properly configured, Linux users will have no
problem with their printing needs. The protocol for Samba is already integrated into the Windows
Server environment so configuring the settings on both the Linux and Windows sides is not a
complicated process, although it is an additional requirement that would not be required for a
Windows client workstation. (Shinder, 2012) The information required to configure Linux systems
to print in the existing environment consist of the print server, printer share and appropriate
Windows login password. A script using smbclient shell will support the setup for printer
configuration. File sharing in a structured environment is a useful feature that is common in a
Windows environment and provides ease of access based on permissions established for designated
file shares. Fortunately, this capability is not restricted with the integration of Linux. Samba is a
versatile package that can serve as the solution for many areas to include file

Security Measures For A System
Review Paper On Security Measures For A System Ankita Dongre1, Trupti Kamthankar2, Suvarna
Baviskar2, Akash Sharma2
1 Asst. Professor, 2Student
1 G. S. Mandal's, Marathwada Institute Of Technology, 2 G. S. Mandal's, Marathwada Institute Of
Technology
Beed Bypaas Road, Aurangabad, Pin no.431028
1ankita.dongre@gmail.com, 2tgkamthankar@gmail.com, 2suvarna22kar30@gmail.com,
2akash.sharma305@gmail.com
Abstract: Security systems are constantly being a thread to ethical hackers; still in today 's scenario
it is very crucial task to manage the security for various system components. This paper gives a deep
insight towards every aspect of system consider system software, system hardware & system
database. Apart from the core security techniques ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Five essential services provided by a secure system are Authentication, Authorization, Integrity,
Privacy and Non–repudiation. So we can use security measures like use a strong password, Protect
confidential information, Make sure our operating system and virus protection are up–to–date, Use
secure and supported applications, Beware of suspicious e–mails, store confidential information
only on HSU servers, backup our data and make sure we can restore it, protect information in all its
forms, learn to be security aware [1]. The security is provided to any kind of system by using three
measures as Software Security, Hardware Security and Database Security which conceptually shown
as follows: Figure 1: System Security Framework
2. SOFTWARE SECURITY
Software security is an idea implemented to protect software against malicious attack and other
hacker risks so that the software continues to function correctly under such potential risks. Security
is necessary to provide integrity, authentication and availability [2].
Basically there are two types of software's: System Software and Application Software. The security
is provided by both kinds. The primary software security is provided by the operating system. So we
performed analysis on various categories of operating systems for security issues and techniques.
2.1 Distributed System
The security

Annotated Bibliography On Cryptography And Presence Of...
Cryptography
(number, word, or phrase) to encrypt the plaintext. The same plaintext also encrypts to different
cipher text with the use of different keys. The core of modern cryptography is the construction and
analyzation of protocols of various aspects in information security such as data integrity and
confidentiality, authentication, and non–repudiation.
Modern practice of cryptography involves cryptographic method.
First cryptographic method is the Symmetric–Key Algorithm also known as Secret key
Cryptography. The symmetry of algorithm comes from both parties involved sharing the same key
for both data encryption and decryption. It works like a physical door where anyone who has the
right locking and unlocking uses a copy of the same key. Symmetric–key Algorithm works by taking
the message and combining it with a shared key that inputs the algorithm then outputs a ciphered
message.
Two ways of symmetric–key algorithm encryption involve block ciphers and stream ciphers.
Stream cipher is a symmetric key cipher where plaintext digits are combined with a pseudorandom
cipher digit stream (keystream). In astream cipher each plaintext digit is encrypted one at a time
with the corresponding

Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 Security Guide
1
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6
Security Guide
A Guide to Securing Red Hat Enterprise Linux
Edition 3
Red Hat Engineering Content Services
2
Legal Notice
Legal Notice
Copyright © 2011 Red Hat, Inc. Based on the Fedora Security Guide (current version at
http://docs.fedoraproject.org/enUS/Fedora/16/html/Security_Guide/index.html), written by Johnray
Fuller, Eric Christensen, Adam Ligas, and other Fedora Project contributors. T he text of and
illustrations in this document are licensed by Red Hat under a Creative Commons Attribution–Share
Alike 3.0 Unported license ("CC–BY–SA"). An explanation of CC–BY–SA is available at
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by–sa/3.0/. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
xinetd 2.6.4. xinetd Configuration Files 2.6.5. Additional Resources 2.7. Virtual Private Networks
(VPNs) 2.7.1. How Does a VPN Work? 2.7.2. Openswan 2.8. Firewalls 2.8.1. Netfilter and IPT
ables 2.8.2. Basic Firewall Configuration 2.8.3. Using IPT ables 2.8.4. Common IPT ables Filtering
2.8.5. FORWARD and NAT Rules 2.8.6. Malicious Software and Spoofed IP Addresses 2.8.7. IPT
ables and Connection T racking 2.8.8. IPv6 2.8.9. IPT ables 3. Encryption 3.1. Data at Rest 3.1.1.
Full Disk Encryption 3.1.2. File Based Encryption 3.2. Data in Motion 3.2.1. Virtual Private
Networks 3.2.2. Secure Shell 3.2.3. OpenSSL Intel AES–NI Engine 3.2.4. LUKS Disk Encryption
3.2.5. Using GNU Privacy Guard (GnuPG) 4. General Principles of Information Security 4.1. T ips,
Guides, and T ools 5. Secure Installation 5.1. Disk Partitions 5.2. Utilize LUKS Partition Encryption
6. Software Maintenance 6.1. Install Minimal Software 6.2. Plan and Configure Security Updates
6.3. Adjusting Automatic Updates 6.4. Install Signed Packages from Well Known Repositories 7.
Federal Standards and Regulations 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Federal Information Processing Standard

(FIPS) 7.2.1. Enabling FIPS Mode 7.3. National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual
(NISPOM) 7.4. Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) 7.5. Security T echnical
Implementation Guide 8. References
6
Table of Contents
A. Encryption Standards A.1. Synchronous Encryption A.1.1. Advanced Encryption Standard – AES

Cryptography Report On Technology On The Age Of Internet...
Cryptography Report
Introduction
commerce.
in this report.
Cryptography
(number, word, or phrase) to encrypt the plaintext. The

Annotated Bibliography On The Security Of The Age Of...
Introduction
commerce.
in this report.
Cryptography
(number, word, or phrase) to encrypt the plaintext. The same plaintext also

Essay about Will Linux replace Windows NT as the server OS...
Linux VS NT /
Will Linux replace Windows NT as the server OS of choice?
"Linux is ready, or at least poised, to take on Windows NT for market dominance of server operating
systems", said T. W. Burger Owner, Thomas Wolfgang Burger Consulting June 2000.
It is the competitive choice for the user wanting a cheap, versatile, scalable, and reliable server
solution. This article examines how Linux is ready to meet or exceed all user requirements that NT
provides and why Linux should be the preferred alternative to NT. Included are the steps,
requirements, options, and costs involved. Linux will soon surpass NT in most if not all network
service applications. It is an open source, multi–vendor, and multi–platform server operating system
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A small business server handles under 50 users and an enterprise server 50 or more. Novell Netware,
Windows NT, and other scalable server solutions will handle various numbers of small business user
loads. At a certain point a business will require an enterprise server product. This OS will be capable
of handling massive user traffic and provide a total solution: a comprehensive set of software tools
that will allow a business to be run using computers. An enterprise OS will be run on a
minicomputer such as the HP9000 or a super–microcomputer with large data processing capacity
like a multi–processor Alpha Chip–based machine. Enterprise computing is a term describing a set
of software tools with a network OS at its core. Enterprise computing provides not only a place to
store and share files but everything required for a business to gather and manipulate information
throughout the business as well as Internet access for customer support and business–to–business
data flow. An enterprise computing product is generally made up of the network OS and components
that provide one or more of the following: file service, print service, Web page hosting, Internet
access/firewall, mail service, backup, and database, and/or SQL database services. A server is, as the
name implies, a provider of computing resources. It is part of a client–server network configuration
that generally

Operating System Security Concerns : Os
Operating System Security Concerns
The OS in general lacks security and portability. The services on an OS are acutely vulnerable to
malicious and random faults, as the OS are huge and are prone to security and reliabilities gaps.
Moreover, the modification of the state of an OS is extremely complex in nature. Additionally,
changes like cloning, encrypting, moving, or restoring are too challenging to accomplish. The OS
provides the capabilities of event logging, however, this ability has a few shortcomings, such as, the
intruder can disable the logging mechanisms before the attack, and secondly, it is often extremely
difficult to find the critical information necessary to discern the attack and steps employed by the
intruder to harm the OS, therefore, the overall recovery process becomes problematic (Chen &
Noble, 2001).
Furthermore, in the contemporary OS, the expectations of multi–tasking, time–sharing, and
resource–sharing are abundant. The fundamental OS contains the security features such as task
control blocks, virtual memory spaces, and inter–process communication. The OS also contains
restrictions on operations and processes based on user identity and ownership level. However, the
OS security lacks various integral considerations, for instance, restrictions based on the
trustworthiness and operations of the utilities, user roles, and the data integrity and sensitivity.
Therefore, the OS can be compromised effortlessly by an attacker by means of a security breach in

Unix, Linux, and Windows Server Critique Essay
UNIX, Linux, and Windows Server Critique
UNIX, Linux, and Windows Server Critique
Administration
Windows Server Advantages There are many administration advantages for Windows Servers. One
aspect is domain operations which are an important resource available on the network through
Window Server. Making Window Server a domain controller adds security and the ability to add
local and group policies to the network (Garza, 2010). If Window Server is not promoted to the
status of a domain controller, then it can run simple network operations using peer–to–peer
structures (Garza, 2010). These are workgroups, and they can only block or allow access but do not
provide control features for the network. The numbers of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Disadvantages One of the biggest disadvantages is that it does not have a specific organization
which updates and provides services, or software tweaks in a regular manner as Windows does.
Another disadvantage is that the lack of graphical user inters faces, or the absence of free tools and
software when compared to Windows (Host wisely, 2011).
Performance
Windows Server Advantages Windows server offers anywhere access with great flexibility, which
allows a company to build, deploy, and manage applications and websites on premises, in the cloud,
or in hybrid environments using a consistent set of tools and framework Windows server also offers
frameworks, services, and tools to help increase scalability. (Microsoft, 2012). Disadvantages
Windows servers are notorious for being vulnerable to worms while there have been basically no
worms affecting UNIX in the past ten years. Any server running on windows should really have
anti–virus software on it just like a desktop would. While window servers are unaffected by this they
are just as susceptible to malicious and mischievous hackers as window servers and therefore must
still be patched UNIX Advantages There are many performance advantages for

Object Oriented Programming

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