Obstacle avoiding car project slide
- 1. Arduino Arduino is an open-source hardware and software company, project and user community that designs and manufactures single- board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control both physically and digitally. The list of Arduino boards includes the following such as Arduino Uno (R3) LilyPad Arduino Red Board Arduino Mega (R3) Arduino Leonardo
- 3. L298N H-bridge An H bridge is an electronic circuit that switches the polarity of a voltage applied to a load. These circuits are often used in robotics and other applications.
- 5. HC-SR04 Sensor HC-SR04 distance sensor is commonly used with both microcontroller and microprocessor platforms like Arduino, ARM, PIC, Raspberry Pie etc. The following guide is universally since it has to be followed irrespective of the type of computational device used. Power the Sensor using a regulated +5V through the Vcc ad Ground pins of the sensor. The current consumed by the sensor is less than 15mA and hence can be directly powered by the on board 5V pins (If available). The Trigger and the Echo pins are both I/O pins and hence they can be connected to I/O pins of the microcontroller. To start the measurement, the trigger pin has to be made high for 10uS and then turned off. This action will trigger an ultrasonic wave at frequency of 40Hz from the transmitter and the receiver will wait for the wave to return. Once the wave is returned after it getting reflected by any object the Echo pin goes high for a particular amount of time which will be equal to the time taken for the wave to return back to the sensor. The amount of time during which the Echo pin stays high is measured by the MCU/MPU as it gives the information about the time taken for the wave to return back to the Sensor. Using this information the distance is measured as explained in the above heading.
- 6. Applications Used to avoid and detect obstacles with robots like biped robot, obstacle avoider robot, path finding robot etc. Used to measure the distance within a wide range of 2cm to 400cm Can be used to map the objects surrounding the sensor by rotating it Depth of certain places like wells, pits etc can be measured since the waves can penetrate through water
- 8. SG90 Servo It is tiny and lightweight with high output power. This servo can rotate approximately 180 degrees (90 in each direction), and works just like the standard kinds but smaller.
- 9. Applications Used as actuators in many robots like Biped Robot, Hexapod, robotic arm etc.. Commonly used for steering system in RC toys Robots where position control is required without feedback Less weight hence used in multi DOF robots like humanoid robots
- 10. DC Motors and Wheel A DC motor is any of a class of rotary electrical machines that converts direct current electrical energy into mechanical energy. The most common types rely on the forces produced by magnetic fields. Nearly all types of DC motors have some internal mechanism, either electromechanical or electronic, to periodically change the direction of current flow in part of the motor. a wheel is a circular block of a hard and durable material at whose center has been bored a circular hole through which is placed an axle bearing about which the wheel rotates when a moment is applied by gravity or torque to the wheel about its axis
- 11. DC Motors and Wheel(Figure)
- 12. Chassis A chassis is the framework of an artificial object, which supports the object in its construction and use.
- 13. HC-SR04 Bracket It emits an ultrasound at 40 000 Hz which travels through the air and if there is an object or obstacle on its path It will bounce back to the module. Considering the travel time and the speed of the sound you can calculate the distance. The HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Module has 4 pins, Ground, VCC, Trig and Echo.
- 14. Rotray Wheel(Front Wheel 360°) Using for the movement of the car at any place at any time in any angle around 360°.
- 15. Veroboard(Mini Breadboard) Veroboard is a brand of stripboard, a pre-formed circuit board material of copper strips on an insulating bonded paper board.
- 16. Female to Female Jumper Wire Handy for making wire harnesses or jumpering between headers on PCB's.
- 17. Male to Male Jumper Wire These are Jumper wire male to male, used in connecting female header pin of any developemnt board (like Arduino) to other development board or breadboard. Also can combined it with our Female jumper wire to create Male to Female jumper wire.
- 18. 9v Battery Use 9v battery for DC power supply.
- 19. 9v Battery Clip 9V snap connectors for replacements one or projects with a PVC flexible housing. Has color-coded wire leads and also attaches to our battery holders that have snap connectors. Package of five. Flexible housing allows fitting in small enclosures. Wire leads in between positive & negative snap connector terminals.
- 20. 9v Battery Power Cable It is use to supply voltage for the activation of Arduino.