Oceans as a non conventional source of energy
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This document discusses harnessing energy from ocean sources like tides and waves. Tidal power uses the rise and fall of tides to generate electricity through tidal barrages and turbines. The gravitational pull of the moon and sun cause tides. Tidal power sites currently exist in France and Canada. Wave power captures energy directly from ocean surface waves and pressure fluctuations below. Devices like nodding ducks and oscillating wave surge converters can be used to generate electricity from wave motion. India has potential tidal power sites along its coasts and should invest more in research and development of non-conventional energy sources to reduce dependence on imports and greenhouse gas emissions.
Oceans as a non conventional source of energy
- 1. INTRODUCTION The primary sources of energy is fossil fuel, however the finiteness of fossil fuel reserves and large scale environmental degradation , caused by widespread use. So, harnessing of non-conventional sources is vital for steering the global energy supplies towards a sustainable path.
- 2. U.S. Energy Information Administration , World primary energy consumption (quadrillion Btu) 2
- 3. WHY TO CHOOSE OCEAN ? • Its vast potential of energy & covering 3/4ths of earth. • Contains energy in the form of waves and tides, gradients, ocean currents. • Can provide huge amount of energy which is sustainable, strategic, and predictable with 0% Co2 emission.
- 4. UTILISATION OF NON-CONVENTIONAL OCEAN ENERGY
- 5. OCEAN ENERGY : TIDAL Tidal power harness the energy from the rise and fall of tides Tidal power is not a new concept and has been used since at least the 11th Century in Britain and France for the milling of grains.
- 6. SECRET OF TIDAL WAVES…. •Gravitational pull of the sun and moon and the pull of the centrifugal force of rotation of the earth-moon system. •When a landmass lines up with the earth-moon system, the water around it is at high tide. •When a landmass is at 90ͦ to the earth-moon system, the water around it is at low tide.
- 7. HOW TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY FROM TIDES ?
- 8. CURRENT SITES OF TIDAL BARRIAGES AND TURBINES… La Rance, Brittany, France Annapolis Tidal Generation Facility on the Bay of Fundy, Canada
- 9. Advantages • Mature technology that has been around for nearly 50 years • Able to utilize both ebb and flood tides. • Tidal current turbines are not large massive dam structure • Reliable energy source. • High payback period • Annual operation & maintenance costs are typically less than 0.5 % of initial capital Disadvantages • Environmental impacts on marine life • Low power output in comparison to other energy source like coal and nuclear power plants • Tidal current turbine technology is young in its development. • Installation and maintenance challenges.
- 10. Potential In INDIA • Two estuaries on the west coast : Gulf of Cambay & Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat • Gulf of Kutch potential estimated to be 900 MW; annual output of 1.6 TWh • Potential of Gulf of Cambay : 7000 MW, basin area of 1970 sq-km, annual output of 15 TWh • Along east coast : Sunderbans in West Bengal • 20 MW power estimated in regions of Dungaduani, Belladonna Creek & Pitts Creek “Not only will atomic power be released, but someday we will harness the rise and fall of the tides and imprison the rays of the sun.” – Thomas A. Edison, 1921
- 11. Ocean energy : WAVE • In 1799, Girard & son of Paris proposed using wave power for powering pumps and saws. • Wave energy is captured directly from surface waves or from pressure fluctuation below the surface. • When strong wind flows over the sea it produces huge waves the K.E. of moving waves can be used to rotate turbines to generate electricity.
- 12. Characteristics of an idealised wave : Wave devices used in energy generation :
- 13. • NODDING DUCKS • OSCILLATING WAVE SURGE CONVERTER • ATTENUATOR
- 14. THE ARCHIMEDES WAVE SWING (AWS) The working procedure is based on the principle of the floating (Archimedes). The only moving part is an air-filled floater. Waves create an ‘up and down’ movement due to applied pressure on the floater which is located in a lower fixed cylinder. A linear generator based in the cylinder, this movement is converted into electricity and then transmitted to the shore. Each unit is currently rated at 1.2 Megawatts, equal to the electrical demand of approximately 500 households’ energy.
- 15. Advantages • The energy is free – no fuel needed, no waste produced • Designs are inexpensive to maintain and operate. • Can produce a great deal of energy. • Development of Mari culture . • Long-term operational life time of plant Disadvantages • Depends on the waves – sometimes we get loads of energy, sometimes almost nothing • Needs a suitable site, where waves are consistently strong. • Able to withstand Rough Weather.
- 16. Conclusion India must give more thrust to the research and development in the field of Non conventional energy sources not only to mitigate greenhouse effect but also to lessen the dependence on oil/gas import, which consumes major chunk of foreign exchange reserve. It is also clear that an integrated energy system consisting two or more renewable energy sources has the advantage of stability, reliability and are economically viable. Last but not the least it is for the citizens also to believe in power of renewable energy sources, and understand its necessity and importance… TIME FOR QUESTIONS Thank you…