OFC for Beginners-Learn OFC in One Week-Day1
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Optical fiber communication uses three principles of light - reflection, refraction, and total internal reflection (TIR). TIR occurs when light travels from a dense to less dense medium at an angle greater than the critical angle, causing it to reflect along the boundary rather than refracting. Key pioneers in fiber optics include Narinder Singh Kapany, considered the "Father of Fiber Optics", and Charles Kuen Kao, who shared the 2009 Nobel Prize for his work transmitting light through optical fibers. Common devices in optical fiber communication systems include laser diodes and photodiodes, with laser diodes generating coherent light and photodiodes detecting the light signal. An optical fiber consists of a core that carries the signal
OFC for Beginners-Learn OFC in One Week-Day1
- 1. Optical Fiber Communication Introduction & Basics Principles OFC
- 2. F=c/λ
- 3. Optics means Light • For Understand the OFC, We must know the three basic Principals of Light:- 1.Reflection 2.Refraction 3.TIR (Total Internal Reflection )
- 5. Reflection of Light • Reflection is when lightbounces off an object. If the surface is smooth and shiny, like glass, water or polished metal, the light will reflect at the same angle as it hit the surface. This is called specular reflection.
- 11. TIR(Total Internal Reflection ) • Total internal reflection is a phenomenon which occurs when a propagating wave strikes a medium boundary at an angle larger than a particular critical angle with respect to the normal to the surface.
- 12. What are the conditions necessary for total internal reflection to occur? • The only way for the angle of refraction to be greater than the angle of incidence is for light to bend away from the normal. Since light only bends away from the normal when passing from a more dense mediuminto a less dense medium, then this would be a necessary condition for total internal reflection.
- 13. Critical Angle When light goes from a denser medium to a less dense medium, at a certain angle of incidence, the refracted ray goes along the boundary between the two media. The incident angle on this occasion is called the critical angle for the substances.
- 14. Example of TIR
- 17. History • Father of Fiber Optics:- Narinder Singh Kapany
- 18. • Godfather of Broadband“ or • "Father of Fiber Optics"or • "Father of OFC“ Charles Kuen Kao jointly awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Physics for "groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
- 19. Basic OFC
- 20. Light-Emitting Diodes • An LED is form of junction diode that is operated with forward bias • Instead of generating heat at the PN junction, light is generated and passes through an opening or lens • LEDs can be visible spectrum or infrared
- 21. Laser Diodes • Laser diodes generate coherent, intense light of a very narrow bandwidth • A laser diode has an emission linewidth of about 2 nm, compared to 50 nm for a common LED • Laser diodes are constructed much like LEDs but operate at higher current levels
- 23. Optical Detectors • The most common optical detector used with fiber-optic systems is the PIN diode • The PIN diode is operated in the reverse-bias mode • As a photodetector, the PIN diode takes advantage of its wide depletion region, in which electrons can create electron-hole pairs • The low junction capacitance of the PIN diode allows for very fast switching
- 24. Avalanche Photodiode • The avalanche photodiode (APD) is also operated in the reverse- bias mode • The creation of electron-hole pairs due to the absorption of a photon of incoming light may set off avalanche breakdown, creating up to 100 more pairs • This multiplying effect gives an APD very high sensitivity
- 25. Variation of specific attenuation with wavelength
- 26. Optical Fiber • Core – Glass or plastic with a higher index of refraction than the cladding – Carries the signal • Cladding – Glass or plastic with a lower index of refraction than the core • Buffer – Protects the fiber from damage and moisture • Jacket – Holds one or more fibers in a cable
- 27. Thank you