This document discusses investments and expenses across the different phases of the customer flow for an exchange program - attraction, consideration, value, delivery, and advocacy. It provides examples of investments such as referral schemes, digitization efforts, marketing campaigns, subsidies, and experiences that can generate both monetary and non-monetary returns. Operational expenses including travel, printing, trainee/exchange participant kits, and administrative costs like rent, stipends, and legal fees are also outlined. The goal is to strategically allocate funds across the customer journey to attract customers, encourage consideration of the program, deliver value, and ultimately gain advocacy.