Oracle of the Delphi Study Guidebook
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This document provides prompts and questions to guide reflection on concepts from the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education. It is organized into cards for each of the six core concepts. The purpose is for librarians to use the cards to critically reflect on their work and stay engaged with professional ethics, scholarship, and instruction. Users are encouraged to randomly select cards and journal responses to the prompts to develop skills for helping students become thoughtful information consumers and contributors.
Oracle of the Delphi Study Guidebook
- 1. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck The deck is organized by each of the six core concepts of the “Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education”;¹ there is a card for each, and cards for related concepts. It is our hope that this deck can be used as a tool for critical self-reflection to help us as librarians stay engaged with professional ethics, scholarship, and instruction in a way that is creative, curious, and mindful. It is through this kind of conscious engagement that we are able to help the next generation of researchers develop the skills necessary to become thoughtful, discerning, and ethical information consumers and contributors. How to Use the Cards & Guidebook Shuffle the deck several times and then choose a card/cards at random. Think about how the concepts represented on the cards are interconnected. For inspiration: ● Find the corresponding prompts in the guidebook and consider the prompts and questions ● Think about which frame/frames best relate to the concept ● Pull an additional card for a different perspective Note: If you pull a card you don’t connect with, choose a new one! There are no rules. You can expand your thoughts further by writing in a journal or discussing with a colleague. Or, if you are using it in instruction, by posing the prompts to the students and have them either discuss or journal their own ideas. Resources ¹"Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education", American Library Association, February 9, 2015. http://www.ala.org/acrl/standards/ilframework (Accessed October 21, 2020) Document ID: b910a6c4-6c8a-0d44-7dbc-a5dcbd509e3f Contact Us Katie Shepard Web Services Librarian, Mercer University shepard_ke@mercer.edu Molly Kernan Catalog & Government Information Librarian, Mercer University kernan_mr@mercer.edu 1
- 2. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Authority is Constructed and Contextual 2 Card Prompts Keywords What is authority? How would I define it? What types of authorities exist in this subject area? What types of authorities are recognized by the different communities within this subject? Are the "standard" authorities for this subject enough, or are there different or diverse voices I can seek out to balance the weight of tradition? Tradition Power Explore Different Voices What makes an authority trustworthy? How do I determine which authorities to trust? When am I able to trust my own knowledge about a subject? Can I trust myself to think critically about the authorities I rely on? Question Think Critically Trust Yourself What makes someone an expert? What do I do when experts in the same field disagree or offer conflicting information? How do I hold experts accountable to the standards of my field? When do I question an expert's opinion, and when do I take them at their word? Accountability Application of Standards Credibility Qualifications Why should I think critically about my sources? How does my research benefit from critical examination of the various authorities in my field? How do I think critically while maintaining an open mind? Informed skepticism Self-evaluation Open-mindednes s
- 3. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 3 Where might biases exist in the communities that confer authority? How do my own privilege/biases influence my understanding of certain authorities? Is this authority drowning out other voices? What do I need to think about when examining an authority through the lens of privilege? Bias Influence Self-awareness Responsibility
- 4. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Information Creation is a Process 4 Card Prompts Keywords What are some different processes of information creation in my discipline? How have these processes evolved over time, and what might they look like in the future? What effect does the process have on the final product? Evolution Process What are the appropriate formats for my research area or discipline? What are some benefits/drawbacks to these formats? How do these formats affect the way I interpret/use the information? Do I make assumptions about quality or authority based on format? Interpretation Assumption Quality Structure How are information creations valued differently in different contexts? Are certain elements of the creation process more important in some contexts than others? How do current methods of creation fit into the accepted context of traditional methods (eg. born-digital versus print publishing)? Value Comparison Tradition
- 5. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 5 Am I aware of how my choices impact the way my information creation is used? Is the message being conveyed to the users of my product the one that I intended? How can I cultivate comfort with change through the information creation process? Choices Changes Is this creation process a good fit for the need I am trying to fill? Is the format I'm using appropriate for this topic? Does the creation process have to be a fresh idea or can it be iterative? Fresh Iteration
- 6. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Information Has Value 6 Card Prompts Keywords What does value mean in the information world? What sort of value do I assign to my own work? What sort of value does the information world place on my work? How do I ensure that I always respect the value of others' original ideas? Value Respect Originality What is my current role in the information marketplace? Consumer, producer, or both? How does my role as a consumer influence the way I assign value to information? How can I ensure that I make ethical choices when it comes to consuming information? Consumer Producer Ethical What are some different factors that influence the production and dissemination of information? How can this influence be wielded to silence or marginalize certain voices? How can I use my own influence as a creator of information to effect change/lift up marginalized voices in the community of scholarship? Power Leverage Marginalized voices
- 7. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 7 How does treating information as a commodity affect the type of value we assign to it? How does the commodification of information affect issues of accessibility? Does the cost of an information product affect my perception of its academic value? Am I diligent about protecting my personal information? Why is it important? Accessibility Perception Protection What are the different ways we value information monetarily versus the work required to produce it? Am I mindful of the time and effort required to create the information I consume? Am I appreciative of the time and effort I put into my own work? Cost vs. Effort Appreciation Self-worth
- 8. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Research as Inquiry 8 Card Prompts Keywords Why is it important to identify gaps in knowledge or weaknesses of sources? Does this mean the information is still valid or usable? Do I consider multiple perspectives in my inquiry process? How do I react when my research brings me information I disagree with? Questions Refine Investigate When researching, am I considering non-typical sources? Why is it important to look beyond the first search results when researching? How do I define an ethical process for gathering information? What are some ways to break down complex questions and topics into smaller, more answerable inquiries? Gather Explore Discover Do I maintain an open mind when considering information I didn't expect or disagree with? Why does a critical stance matter when evaluating information that I agree with? When can we bring about positive results from conflict? Agree Disagree
- 9. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 9 What criteria is important for evaluating information? What do I do when evaluating information to acknowledge my bias and work to minimize its effect? How does considering the limits of my own experience and knowledge affect how I evaluate a source? Criteria Analysis Bias Intellectual Humility What steps should I take to ensure that synthesizing information includes giving proper credit to a source? How does ambiguity positively affect my research process? What is the ethical way to present the opposing point of view to my own research? How does the way I organize information affect how it is understood? Ambiguous Credit Discomfort When should theoretical research include practical application? How do I let my curiosity and creativity guide my research? How do I determine the scope of a research project? How do I know when I have fully answered a research question? Scope Solutions
- 10. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Scholarship as Conversation 10 Card Prompts Keywords Where are some different places in my research area that scholarly conversations are taking place? What are some different ways that I can participate in these conversations? Where do I fit into these conversations currently? Where will I fit into these conversations in the future? Participation Response Belonging What is my current perspective on conversations in my research area? How has the general scholarly perspective in my area changed over time? Am I okay with the idea that my perspective may change over time? What is my current comfort level with seeking out perspectives that differ from the ones I am familiar with? Change Unique Voices Different Perspectives What are some barriers that prevent people from joining scholarly conversations? Am I acting in a way that helps to prop up these barriers? How can I work to dismantle barriers I encounter that prevent me or others from participating? What are the systemic issues at the root of these barriers? Exclusion Privilege Self-analysis
- 11. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 11 How often do I listen or read without rushing to judgment? How important is context in scholarly conversation? When is it appropriate to suspend my judgment, and when is it time to ask questions? How comfortable am I with trusting my own judgment when evaluating an idea/argument? Listening Suspension Context Evaluation What is my current level of understanding when it comes to the language of my discipline? When is jargon useful/helpful? Is the use of jargon always a reliable indicator of one's readiness to join the conversation? How is jargon used as a barrier to participation/engagement in scholarly conversation? Barriers Gatekeeping Imposter Syndrome How aware am I of the gray areas in my research? Is there a "correct" end to a given conversation? Likewise, is there an uncontested answer to my current question? How do I break out of "black and white" thinking? Competing perspectives Nuance Multifaceted conversations
- 12. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck Searching as Strategic Exploration 12 Card Prompts Keywords How can I incorporate flexible strategies for searching for information? What are some tools I can apply to my search strategies to change my results? Why is a plan for a search helpful? When can sticking only to a search plan be harmful? Strategies Planning Balance How does stumbling upon an unexpected source affect my searching approach going forward? Does serendipitous discovery influence my choices for what information to use? When is a broad search and browse method helpful to research? Discover Browse Unexpected What are some methods for finding alternative search terms or strategies? In what ways can I evolve my research topic as I search for information? How can I creatively bridge the gap between an information need and successfully locating a solution? Alternatives Evolution Ingenuity
- 13. “Oracle of the Delphi Study” Deck 13 When do I need guidance? Whom can I ask for help when searching for relevant information? How do I determine who to ask for guidance? Assistance Direction How do I keep track of my research? When do I have enough information gathered to begin analyzing and synthesizing? How do I prioritize sources as being useful to my research? Structure Form What skills are needed to understand how information systems are organized? Are there ways to mitigate the intimidating nature of using complex information systems? How does a patron's previous experience affect the way I assist them with searching for information? How do I feel about searching for information? Library Anxiety Perception How can I develop the skills to be mentally flexible when searching is not straightforward or productive? How can I creatively restructure a search that is not providing the needed results? When is it more important to ask for guidance than to persist? Flexibility Restructure Perseverance